Leiyang is now Leiyang County, Hunan Province. Zhang Chufu's life is unknown, but he was a close friend of the poet. Tuiguan is an official of a state or county. According to research, the author wrote this poem in the sixth or seventh year of Chunxi (1179), when he was the deputy envoy and pacifier of Hunan. The characteristic of this work is that the description of the scene is closely combined with the psychological state. The natural and skillful use of allusions highlights the poet's depression of being repeatedly rejected, frequently transferred, and unable to fulfill his ambitions.
The first two sentences above describe the dark and floating scene to set off the author's uncertain mental state. In the third year of Chunxi's reign (1176), the author was transferred from Didian Prison in Jiangxi to the transshipment judge in the west of Beijing. In the following year, he was transferred to the prefect of Jiangling and the pacifier of Hubei, and then to Hunan. After the peace negotiators came to power in the Southern Song Dynasty, they rejected the loyal and framed the virtuous, making the government dark and making it difficult for the poet's ideal of resisting the Jin Dynasty and saving the country to be realized. Therefore, he wrote in another poem: "It is not accidental to gather and disperse in a hurry. In two years, I have traveled through the mountains and rivers of Chu." ("Partridge Sky? Farewell to the Superintendent Sima Hanzhang from Yuzhang"). The two sentences in this poem use dim The dark night and the floating clouds on the mountain tops form a dark and floating image, which is cleverly combined with the poet's psychological state. The word "desire" in the first sentence is used brilliantly, describing the momentary scene when the sunset seems to be setting but not falling, and the night seems to be falling but not falling. These two sentences are written skillfully and naturally, and they fully describe the scene of the mountain village.
The third sentence is one level deeper than the first two sentences in terms of psychological description. The ancients believed that the cry of the partridge was like "brother who can't do it", which is chilling. The author heard the "partridge sound" in the mountain village at dusk, which expresses his worries about the future and sets off his desolate mood. There is a sudden change in the fourth sentence. When the lyricist meets his old friend, Zhang Chufu, he immediately turns from worry to joy, and the atmosphere also changes from dull to relaxed and happy. "Meeting an old friend in Xiaoxiang" is adapted from a poem written by Liu Yun of the Liang Dynasty, "There are returning guests in Dongting, and meeting an old friend in Xiaoxiang" ("Jiangnan Song"), connecting the previous and the next, and closely following the title of the poem.
The lower part of the poem uses allusions, and the upper part follows the sentence "Meeting old friends in Xiaoxiang". When the writer sees his friends, he can't help but talk to his heart and look back on the past. The first three sentences of the second sentence are memories. The author borrows the handsome image of Zhuge Liang, who held a feather fan, wore a turban on his head, and commanded the three armies during the Three Kingdoms period, and cleverly compared his handsome demeanor when he resisted the Jin soldiers. "Paddle horse dust" refers to a leaping horse galloping on the battlefield with billowing smoke and dust. The poet looks back on the present and thinks about the past, his heart is full of emotions and he is filled with emotion. He returned from Huainan just to make a splash in the restoration cause. Unexpectedly, he has been repeatedly rejected and transferred frequently, and his strategies for resisting the Jin Dynasty are like waste paper and no one cares about them. Therefore, he issued the slogan "Heroes will last forever, and weeds will not destroy the monument" ("Man Ting Fang? He Jing Boyun, Prime Minister Hong") ) screams.
The two sentences "Nowadays, people are haggard and call upon their souls, and many Confucian scholars miss their bodies" were written by the poet with blood and tears. They made a strong accusation against the persecution of patriots by the peace negotiators in the Southern Song Dynasty, showing the author's extreme pain and suffering. Mixed emotions. The poet believes that the reason why he has reached his current state of despair and exhaustion is probably because he is a Confucian scholar, right? It seemed that he was puzzled. "Calling Souls" is the title of "Chu Ci". The poet used this allusion to show that he was full of sorrow and complaint. "If you have too many Confucian crowns, you will miss your body" is borrowed from Du Fu's poem "If you don't starve to death, you will miss your body if you have too many Confucian crowns" ("Twenty-two Rhymes from Wei Zuocheng") to express his downfall and wasted time. The last two sentences, with a low tone and sad feelings, make people cry when reading them, arousing infinite sympathy for the poet.
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