Du Fu is the greatest realist poet in my country's feudal era. He inherited the fine tradition of realistic poetry since the Book of Songs and Yuefu, and developed and improved it. With progressive Confucianism and exquisite art, he profoundly and multi-facetedly reflected the major events of the country, described the reality of life of various classes and strata, expressed the will and demands of the people, and thus exposed the history of Kaiyuan and Tianbao. The historical outlook of that turbulent era in the past nearly forty years has created for us a "thousands of poetic works" and pushed the art of realistic poetry in our country to a new peak.
Some people think that the creative method of a great poet like Du Fu cannot be summarized by a certain school. It is true that Du Fu himself said when he was discussing poetry: "It's better to steal Song Yi Fang Jia", and also said: "Don't tailor the fake style to be elegant." ("Six Quatrains for a Play") When praising Chen Zi'ang, he also said that he "has After the elegance of talents, the philosophers and craftsmen are not comparable. After Gongsheng Yangma, his name is as high as the sun and the moon." ("Chen Shiyi's Former Residence") It can be seen that Du Fu's "Wind" and "Elegance" represent the tradition of realism in Chinese classical poetry. Qu Yuan and Song Yu, who represented the romantic tradition, all gave high evaluations. At the same time, in a few of Du Fu's works, we can also see that they have certain elements of romanticism - either the spirit of romanticism or its expression techniques. For example, in "Wang Yue", "You will be at the top of the mountain, and you can see all the mountains and small mountains", which expresses the spirit of intellectuals in the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty who worked hard and despised everything; , It's really worthy of life and death! With such a strong force, it can travel thousands of miles." And in "Gaodu Protects the Horse", "This horse is invincible for a long time, and he can achieve great success with others... The green silk and the head are like a king." "You are out of the way?" and other places, the author uses the technique of supporting things and expressing his feelings to express the heroic ambition of galloping on the battlefield and establishing achievements. This is the kind of spirit that he clearly expressed in "Nine Poems Before Going Out of the Fortress", "The husband's ambitions are all over the world, and he can say goodbye to the poor"; The description of the unruly drunkard vividly expresses the spirit of the intellectuals at that time who despised the feudal ethics and hierarchy, demanded the liberation of personality and returned to nature; in "The Soldiers and Horses", he said: "And the strong men held the Tianhe River, There is no need to clean and wash the armor of the soldiers!" In "The Silkworm Valley Journey", he also said: "How can I cast armor to make agricultural tools, and cattle can plow an inch of uncultivated land?" In "Day Dream", he even said: "How can I work in farming safely?" In these places, he imagined that the system of war and exploitation could be eliminated before classes were eliminated, and a peaceful labor society would emerge where men and women walked on silk and sang again; in "The Thatched House." In "Song Broken by the Autumn Wind", he followed the Confucian spirit of "one is hungry and one is drowned", and inspired the beautiful ideal of "having a vast building with thousands of rooms, and sheltering the poor people all over the world with joy". Although some of the spirit and ideals expressed by Du Fu in the above-mentioned works are utopias that cannot be realized in a class society, they undoubtedly embody the beautiful ideals and aspirations of the broad masses of people in feudal society, and they are all inspiring. , are all manifestations of the spirit of positive romanticism.
Du Fu also has works that use romantic expression techniques, but there are fewer of them: for example, in "Phoenix Terrace" and "Zhu Feng Xing", he uses fantasy elements from myths and legends to create images to express his thoughts and feelings. ; In "Dream of Li Bai, Two Poems", he expresses his sincere friendship with Li Bai and his sympathy for Li Bai's unfortunate fate through the description of dreams. He also occasionally used exaggerated techniques. For example, in "A Journey to Ancient Cypresses", he described an ancient cypress as "frost-skinned and rain-stained forty feet, and dark-colored towering two thousand feet into the sky." Such tall cypress trees are not possible in the real world. There may be, but in the art world, it is completely allowed to exist.
Although there have been elements of romanticism in a few of Du Fu's works, either in spirit or in expression techniques, in most of Du Fu's works, such as Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" ", or those romantic masterpieces like Li Bai's, which are fully romantic works in spirit and expression, but are definitely not. Like many great writers in the history of world literature, his works often contain elements of realism and romanticism, the two main schools of human art. However, if we look at Du Fu's attitude towards reality throughout his life, his leading tendency on the road of art, and the creative methods of most of his works, we can see that he was a great realist and a great figure in our country. The most outstanding representative of the realist school in the history of classical poetry. He has greatly enriched and developed the spirit and expression techniques of realism. His achievements and contributions are unparalleled among ancient Chinese poets.
2 Du Fu is the greatest realist poet in my country's feudal era. He inherited the fine tradition of realistic poetry since the Book of Songs and Yuefu, and developed and improved it. With progressive Confucianism and exquisite art, he profoundly and multi-facetedly reflected the major events of the country, described the reality of life of various classes and strata, expressed the will and demands of the people, and thus exposed the history of Kaiyuan and Tianbao. The historical outlook of that turbulent era in the past nearly forty years has created for us a "thousands of poetic works" and pushed the art of realistic poetry in our country to a new peak.