1. Battle of Zhuolu: Huangdi fought against Chiyou. Heroes: Huang Di, Chi You, etc.
Process
It is said that the Chiyou people are good at making weapons. Their copper weapons are excellent and strong, and their tribesmen are brave and fierce. They are good at fighting and are good at horns. After entering North China, they first fought with There was a head-on conflict between the Yandi tribe. The Chiyou tribe united with the giant Kuafu tribe and the Sanmiao tribe to defeat the Yandi tribe by force, and then occupied the "Jiuyu", or "Jiuzhou" where the Yandi tribe lived. In order to survive, the Yandi tribe asked for help from the Huangdi tribe of the same group. Many advisers around Xuanyuan repeatedly suggested that in order to pursue the victory, Chi You must not be let go, otherwise the consequences would be endless. Xuanyuan adopted the opinions of his ministers and ordered Yinglong to lead three armies to block Chi You's way. He also ordered Chang Xian and Da Hong to prepare for a frontal attack, and ordered Feng Hou and Wang Hai to use more than 300 trained fire animals to form the earliest cavalry in history, and also prepared 80 Kui Niu drums. Chi You's army also changed into copper and iron weapons. Legend has it that during the Battle of Zhuolu, both sides concentrated all their forces. In the first confrontation, there was no winner or loser. Chi You always took advantage of climate changes to sneak attacks on Xuanyuan, and Xuanyuan's army surrounded Chi You tightly, leaving no room for escape. The fighting between the armies of both sides ceased and the confrontation lasted for seventy-seven forty-nine days. One day at noon, the weather suddenly changed, the wind blew violently, and the sky became dark. Chi You believed that the time had come and ordered Kuafu to immediately send an order to prepare for a breakout and escape. Xuanyuan discovered Chi You's intention and ordered Dahong, Chang Xian and Yinglong to proceed as planned. Then he ordered Fenghou and Wang Hai: "You can't beat the war drum casually, and the fire animals are not allowed to go into battle easily. Without my order, you must not move around."
The wind howled, and the sand and dust flew. Kuafu led his troops to break through, but was intercepted by Dahong, and a battle broke out between the two sides. I saw weapons clashing and sparks flying. Suddenly a strong wind blew by, and Kuafu screamed and fell to the ground. It turned out that Kuafu's eyes were fascinated by the sand, and while he was rubbing his eyes, he was slashed in the waist by Dahong. The arrogant Chi You opened his eyes angrily like a mad dog when he heard that Kuafu had been seriously injured. He wielded his axe, fought left and right, led his troops to break out of the siege, and carved a bloody path. Xuanyuan discovered that Chi You was desperately trying to break through, so he ordered Yinglong to lead his cavalry to mount the fire animals, and ordered Fenghou to beat the drum to respond.
Chi You was extremely ferocious and powerful, and became more and more fierce as he fought. Unexpectedly, the cavalry led by Ying Long suddenly rushed over and were unstoppable, disrupting the formation. Chi You never expected that Xuanyuan would also have cavalry riding fire animals to fight. Seeing that the situation was very unfavorable, he ordered the entire army to retreat immediately. At this time, Xuanyuan waved his hand, and 800 Kui Niu drums beat together. Legend has it that the sound of this Kui Niu drum can vibrate 500 miles away. Chiyou's army was deafened and blinded by the drums, staggered here and there, panicked, and collapsed. Xuanyuan ordered the six armies to use the power of drums to launch a general attack and wipe out all Chi You's troops in the wilderness of Zhuolu. Seeing that the situation was over, Chi You had no choice but to escape into a maple forest alone. Yinglong caught up and captured him alive. Before Xuanyuan arrived, one of Yinglong's subordinates raised a knife and chopped off Chiyou's head to the ground. This arrogant and domineering culprit ended his life like this. At this time, Chang Xian, Dahong and Fenghou came in escorting Chi You's military advisors - Feng Bo and Yu Master, as well as the seriously injured Kuafu. When Manjiao saw it, he raised his knife to chop, but Xuanyuan stopped him. Feng Bo and Yu Shi knelt before Xuanyuan and confessed their sins, expressing their willingness to submit to Xuanyuan. Xuanyuan pointed at Chi You's body and said: "Chi You was cruel and insisted on his own way and refused to listen to dissuasion. This is the end he deserves. But he discovered gold and stone, and taught the people how to smelt copper and iron. This is another part of his contribution. ..." After hearing this, Uncle Feng and Master Yu admired Xuanyuan's broad-mindedness even more, and felt very grateful. They requested that Chi You's body be buried properly, and Xuanyuan immediately agreed.
Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor and Chi You fought for three years and fought 72 times, including the Battle of Banquan, the Battle of Jizhou and the Battle of Zhuolu. Finally, Chi You was eliminated in the wilderness of Zhuolu. This war in ancient times ended the history of the tribal era. People from all tribes were willing to submit to Xuanyuan and unanimously supported him as the leader of the alliance. From then on, the first country in the world with a central government was established. The Chinese nation began to take shape. From then on, people respected Xuanyuan Huangdi as the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Yellow Emperor
The earliest ancestor god in the legendary period of ancient Chinese history. After the formation of the Huaxia clan, he was recognized as the ancestor of the entire clan. In ancient times, the relatively advanced Huangdi tribe was formed in the Jishui area (i.e., the ancient Qijia cultural area between the Wei River in the east and the Huang River in the west to the present-day Shaanxi-Gansu-Qinghai territory). They were named after this outstanding ancestor. The Huangdi tribe and the Yandi tribe of the Jiang surname living in the Jiangshui area (which flows into the Weishui River near Qishan and Wugong in present-day Shaanxi Province) have intermarried with each other for generations. Later, one of the descendants of the Huangdi tribe entered the southwestern part of present-day Shanxi and created the Xia culture, so they were called the Xia tribe. The Xia people entered the Central Plains and established the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China. The "Emperor Lineage" in "Guoyu·Jinyu" and "Shiben" and "Dadailiji" all say that Huangdi was the son of Shaodian. "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" says that the Yellow Emperor's "surname was Gongsun, his given name was Xuanyuan", and his country's name was "Youxiong". Various documents such as "Yi Xici" and "Shiben Zuopian" all praise that there were many inventions and creations during the Yellow Emperor's period.
Those related to production technology include drilling wells, making pestles and mortars, making bows and arrows, riding cattle and horses, driving, and boating, etc.; those related to material life include making clothes, crowns, etc.; and those related to spiritual culture include making Jiazi, divination of the sun and moon, arithmetic, adjusting the calendar, making laws and instruments, playing the sheng and Yu, medicine, writing, etc. Of course, many of them are inventions created after the Yellow Emperor, but they also reflect the brilliant achievements of the Huangdi clan. "Warring States Policy·Qin Policy" records that Su Qin called "Yellow Emperor defeated Zhuolu and poultry Chiyou" together with Yao's defeat of Huandou, Shun's defeat of Sanmiao, Yu's defeat of Jianggong, Tang's defeat of Xia, and King Wu's defeat of Zhou, indicating that this was Huang Di's main achievements in his life. After conflicts, interactions and integration with other ethnic groups during the Xia and Zhou dynasties, the Huangdi tribe formed a unified Huaxia tribe during the Warring States period. The "Emperor Lineage" in "Shiben" and "Dadai Liji" arrange the clan gods and ancestors of various ethnic groups into branches of the Yellow Emperor line, forming a complete blood lineage. From then on, people always regarded Huangdi and Yandi together to show that the Chinese people had a long history starting from Yan and Huang.
Emperor Yan
The leader of the tribal alliance in Chinese legend. According to legend, in the past, the Shaodian clan married a Chi clan and gave birth to Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan. The Yellow Emperor lived in the Jishui River Basin (the ancient Qijia cultural area in the Qing Dynasty of Shaanxi and Gansu Province today), and the Yan Emperor lived in the Jiangshui River Basin (which flows into the Wei River near Qishan and Wugong, Shaanxi today). Therefore, the Yellow Emperor was named Ji and the Yan Emperor was named Jiang. In history, Yan and Huang are often mentioned together. Legend has it that Emperor Yan was the king of fire virtue, so he was called Emperor Yan. After the Warring States Period, some scholars believed that Emperor Yan was the Shennong clan and worshiped Emperor Yan as the God of Agriculture. This may be because Emperor Yan was related to agricultural tribes. The Yandi tribe settled in the northwest plateau area, and later moved eastward. After being defeated by the Yellow Emperor in Banquan (now southeast of Zhuolu, Hebei), the two tribes cooperated to form a powerful Yanhuang tribe alliance and defeated their Japanese rivals - —Chiyou. Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are not specific people, but the incarnation of a historical era. At that time, it was in the period of the collapse of primitive society and the formation of class society. The social economy and culture were developing rapidly, and tribal wars and ethnic integration were frequent. The further integration of the Yanhuang tribes made their reputation even more prominent. With the development of history, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang became personified as the legendary leaders of the Chinese tribe, representing the ancestors of the Chinese nation.
Chi You
Chi You is the leader of the Jiuli tribe in the ancient East in Chinese mythology and legend, and is also said to be the god of soldiers. It is said that he has 81 brothers, who can call the wind and rain, use gold as weapons, and often use troops to cause chaos. They are brave and good at fighting, and they are powerful in the world. Huangdi united Yandi's tribe and fought with Chi You in the wilderness of Zhuolu, south of today's Zhuolu, Hebei. It is said that Chiyou could control the wind and rain during battle and create heavy fog, which made the Yellow Emperor's soldiers lose their way and make them unable to defeat. Later, Huangdi invented the compass, which could identify the direction in the heavy fog, and only then did Chi You be defeated and killed. After Chiyou's death, he ascended to heaven and became a star. Chiyou was active in present-day Hebei, Shandong, Henan and northern Anhui. Legend has it that after Chiyou was defeated, some of the Jiuli tribe went south and mixed with the indigenous Miao tribes. Therefore, Chi You is also known as the ancestor of the Miao and Yao people in the south
2. The Battle of Changping; the Battle of Qin and Zhao. Hero: Bai Qi.
In 262 BC, King Zhao of Qin sent general Bai Qi to attack South Korea and occupied Yewang City, cutting off the connection between Shangdang County and the capital of South Korea. South Korea wanted to offer Shangdang County to Qin for peace, but Feng Ting, the governor of Shangdang County, was unwilling to surrender to Qin and asked Zhao to send troops to take Shangdang County. In the forty-seventh year of King Zhao of Qin (260 BC), Qin sent Wang Lu, the chief of Zuo Shu, to attack Han and capture Shangdang. The people of Shangdang fled to Zhao State one after another, and Zhao stationed troops in Changping (now Changping Village, Gaoping, Shanxi Province) in order to pacify the people of Shangdang. In April, Wang Lu attacked Zhao. King Zhao Xiaocheng sent General Lian Po to resist. Zhao's soldiers attacked Qin's soldiers, and Qin's soldiers killed Zhao Pi's general Qie. In June, he defeated the Zhao army and took the second and fourth lieutenants. In July, the Zhao army built a fortification and defended it. The Qin army attacked the Zhao army's fortification wall again, captured the second lieutenant, defeated their formation, and captured the west fortification wall.
The two sides were in a stalemate for many days, and Zhao Jun suffered heavy losses. Based on the situation where the enemy was strong and he was weak and he lost the first battle, Lian Po decided to adopt the strategy of holding on to the camp and waiting for the Qin army to attack. The Qin army challenged Zhao many times, but Zhao did not send troops. King Zhao repeatedly blamed Lian Po for this. Fan Ju, the prime minister of Qin, sent people with thousands of gold to bribe the powerful ministers of Zhao. He used a stratagem to spread rumors: "What Qin hates and fears is Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao She. Lian Po is easy to deal with and he is about to surrender." ” King Zhao was not only angry at Lian Po for his repeated defeats and heavy casualties among his soldiers, but also resented Lian Po’s strong defense and refused to fight. Therefore, he believed the rumors and sent Zhao Kuo to replace Lian Po as a general and ordered him to lead his troops to attack Qin.
After Zhao Kuo took office, he went against Lian Po's deployment. He not only changed the army's system before the war, but also replaced a large number of generals, which reduced the combat effectiveness of Zhao's army. When Qin saw that Zhao had fallen into the trap, he secretly appointed Bai Qi as general and Wang Lu as deputy general. Although Zhao Kuo was arrogant and arrogant, he was afraid of Bai Qi as a general. Therefore, the King of Qin ordered, "Anyone who dares to betray Lord Wu An will be killed." Faced with his reckless, arrogant and self-reliant opponent, Bai Qi decided to adopt the strategy of retreating to lure the enemy, dividing and encircling him. He ordered the frontline troops to take on the task of luring the enemy. When Zhao Jun attacked, he feigned defeat and retreated, deploying the main force in a deep bag-shaped position. He also used 5,000 elite troops to wedge between the enemy's leading troops and the main force, waiting for an opportunity to separate Zhao Jun. . In August, Zhao Kuo rashly took offensive action without knowing the truth. The Qin army pretended to be defeated and secretly spread its wings to set up surprise troops to threaten the Zhao army. The Zhao army took advantage of the victory and pursued the Qin army's fortress. Qin had already prepared and the fortress was strong and could not be entered. Bai Qi ordered his troops on both sides to attack quickly and cut the Zhao army into three sections. The Zhao army was separated head and tail, and the food route was cut off. The Qin army sent light cavalry to constantly harass the Zhao army. Zhao Jun's battle situation was critical, so he had to build a fortress and hold on to wait for reinforcements.
When the King of Qin heard that Zhao's food routes had been cut off, he went to Hanoi to supervise the war. He conscripted men over the age of fifteen to join the army and rewarded them with first-level civil nobility. In order to block Zhao's reinforcements and food, he devoted all his country's efforts to fight against Zhao.
By September, Zhao soldiers had been without food for forty-six days. They were so hungry that they even killed each other. Zhao Kuo was desperate and regrouped his troops. He divided his troops into four groups and took turns to break out. However, they were unable to escape. Zhao Kuo personally led his elite troops to fight, but was shot dead by the Qin army. Zhao Kuo's army was defeated. More than 400,000 soldiers surrendered to Bai Qi. Bai Qi used a trick to trap and kill all Zhao Jiang's soldiers, leaving only 240 soldiers to return to Zhao to report the news. The whole country of Zhao was shocked. Later, Lord Pingyuan of Zhao State wrote to his wife's brother, Lord Xinling of Wei State, entrusting him to send troops to the King of Wei to rescue Zhao. So Lord Xinling went to ask the King of Wei to send troops to rescue Zhao. The King of Wei sent Jin Bi to lead ten troops. Wan Dajun rescued Zhao. However, due to the threat from King Qin Zhao, King Wei had to keep his army on standby in Yecheng. In order to save Zhao, Lord Xinling had no choice but to use Hou Ying's plan to steal the Tiger Talisman, kill Jin Bi, lead his troops to save Zhao, and defeat the Qin army in Handan, thus avoiding the premature demise of Zhao.
Bai Qi (? - 257 BC), surnamed Mi, surname Bai, named after Duke Bai of Chu won. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Chu king arrogated the title of king, and the officials and county magistrates arrogated the title of duke. Bai Qi was the successor of Bai Gong, so he was also called Gongsun Qi. Bai Qi, known as "Human Slaughter", was one of the four generals of the Warring States Period (the other three were Wang Jian, Lian Po, and Li Mu) and was a famous general of the Qin State during the Warring States Period. A native of Xi (now northeast of Xi County, Shaanxi), another outstanding military strategist and commander in Chinese history since Sun Wu and Wu Qi
3. Battle of Julu: Xiang Yu conquered Qin. Heroes: Xiang Yu, Yingbu, General Pu, Zhang Han, etc.
In the last years of the Qin Dynasty, the world was in chaos, with feudal princes separatist and warlords fighting. In 208 BC, after General Zhang Han of the Qin army defeated Xiang Liang, the leader of the anti-Qin rebel army in Chu, he thought that Chu had nothing to worry about, so he led more than 200,000 Qin troops north to attack Zhao, and made urgent adjustments Wang Li's 200,000 Qin troops from Shangjun went south and besieged King Zhao when he rested in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). In desperation, King Zhao sent envoys to King Huai of Chu and other princes for help. At that time, the Qin army was very powerful, and the troops rescuing Zhao were stationed in the north of Julu City. No one dared to go to fight. Xiang Yu volunteered to avenge the Qin army for killing his uncle Xiang Liang, so King Huai of Chu appointed Song Yi as the top general, Xiang Yu as the second general, and Fan Zeng as the bottom general, and led an army of more than 60,000 people to the north to relieve the giant deer. After the Zhao army advanced to Anyang (now southeast of Caoyang, Shandong), Song Yi was intimidated by the Qin army's arrogance and stayed for 46 days without daring to advance. Xiang Yu denounced Song Yi's cowardly behavior and killed him. King Huai of Chu then made Xiang Yu the general, and placed the two rebel armies of General Yingbu and General Pu under his command. Xiang Yu first sent his generals Yingbu and Pu as vanguards with 20,000 men to cross the Yellow River and cut off the Qin army's grain transportation channels. Then, Xiang Yu personally led all the main forces across the river and ordered all the soldiers to burn their boats and carry only three days of dry food to show their determination to fight to the death. Xiang Yu said to the soldiers: "We are sending out huge troops this time. We will advance without retreating. We must defeat the Qin army within three days." Xiang Yu's determination and courage to break the cauldron and sink the boat greatly inspired the morale of the soldiers. The morale of the Chu army was high. One was equal to ten, and they fought bravely to the death. They defeated the Qin army in nine battles and nine victories. Qi, Yan, Wei and other groups rescued the Zhao army and stood by to watch. When the Chu army defeated the Qin army, they rushed out of the camp to help in the battle. Finally, they captured the Qin army commander Wang Li and killed his deputy general. The dilemma of Julu was thus solved. .
4. Battle of Chibi: Cao Cao attacks Sun Liu. Heroes: Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Zhou Yu, Zhuge, etc.
In December, Zhou Yu led his army to join Liu Bei at Fankou. Then the two armies went upstream to Chibi and met Cao's army who was crossing the river. Cao's army was already suffering from the plague at that time, and the newly formed navy and the newly attached Jingzhou navy had difficulty getting along, and their morale was obviously low. Therefore, they were defeated by Zhou Yu's navy in the first battle. Cao Cao had to "lead the navy to the north of the Yangtze River" to join the army, and moved the warship to the Wulin side of the north bank to train the navy and wait for a good opportunity. Zhou Yu docked his warship on the Red Cliff side of the south bank and confronted Cao's army across the Yangtze River. At that time, Cao Cao connected the bows and sterns of the ships because the Northern soldiers were not used to riding in ships, so that the men and horses could walk on the ground as if they were on the ground. Zhou Yu's general Huang Gai then suggested: "Today the invaders are outnumbered and it is difficult to sustain them for a long time. However, if Guan Cao's warships are connected end to end, they can be burned and driven away." Zhou Yu adopted Huang Gai's fire attack strategy and asked Huang Gai to He wrote a letter to Cao Cao and pretended to surrender in order to get close to Cao Cao's warship. On the day of the war, Huang Gai prepared ten light and profitable ships, loaded with firewood and ointment, camouflaged with red curtains, and decorated with flags and dragon flags. At that time, the wind from the southeast was strong, and ten ships were sailing down the Zhongjiang River. Huang Gai saw torches with his hands, causing all the soldiers to shout in unison: "Surrender!" Cao's officers and soldiers were unprepared. . About two miles away from Cao's army, Huang Gai ordered the firewood to be lit, and the fire started at the same time. The fire was fierce and the wind was fierce. The ship was like an arrow, burning the northern ship and spreading to all the camps on the shore. In an instant, the sky was filled with smoke, and countless Cao soldiers were burned and drowned. The allied forces of Sun and Liu on the other side crossed the Yangtze River and took advantage of the chaos to defeat Cao's army. Seeing that the defeat was irreversible, Cao Cao immediately burned the remaining warships and led his army along the Huarong Trail (now north of Jianli, Hubei Province) to retreat towards Jiangling. Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's troops advanced by land and water and followed him. More than half of Cao's army suffered casualties in this battle. After Cao Cao returned to Jiangling, fearing that the defeat at Chibi would destabilize the power in the rear, he immediately returned to the north, leaving Cao Ren, Xu Huang and others to continue to guard Nanjun (where Jiangling was the headquarters), and then appointed Yue Jin to guard Xiangyang, Man Chong acted as General Fenwei and stationed in Dangyang. The coalition forces of Sun and Liu won the Battle of Chibi.
The defeat in the Battle of Chibi made Cao Cao lose the possibility of unifying the country in a short period of time. Sun and Liu took advantage of this victory to begin to develop and strengthen their respective forces. The three families of Cao, Liu and Sun competed for the control of Jingzhou. The war begins. After that, Cao Cao returned to the north and never had the opportunity to conduct a southern expedition on such a large scale, but he still occupied Nanyang and Nanjun counties (later divided into Xiangyang County and Nanxiang County [one says Zhangling County] from Nanjun and Nanyang County). , Liu Bei began to send his troops to attack the four counties of Lingling, Wuling, Guiyang, and Changsha south of the Yangtze River. Sun Quan ordered Zhou Yu to besiege Jiangling County, the seat of Nanjun.
Cao Cao, whose courtesy name is Mengde and whose nickname is Ah Man, is auspicious, Han nationality, and a native of Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui). A famous military strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China, he was the founder and main founder of the Wei state in the Three Kingdoms era, and later became the king of Wei. After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu of Wei. Cao Cao fought throughout his life to unify the country as soon as possible. He cultivated fields extensively in the north and built water conservancy projects, which played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production at that time. Secondly, he employed people based on their talents, broke the concept of family status, restrained tyranny, and achieved social and economic progress in the area he ruled. Recovery and development. In addition, he is also proficient in the art of war and has written books such as "Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation", "The Art of War" and "The New Book of Meng De". As a hero of the generation, he was proficient in music, good at composing poetry, expressing political ambitions, and reflecting the suffering life of the people in the late Han Dynasty, his generosity and desolation.
Zhou Yu (175-210), courtesy name Gongjin, was of Han nationality and was a native of Shu County, Lujiang (southwest of today's Lujiang County, Anhui Province). A famous general of Soochow in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he was known as "Zhou Lang" because of his handsome appearance. Zhou Yu was proficient in military affairs and music. There has always been a saying in Jiangdong that "if the music is wrong, Zhou Lang will take care of it". In 208 AD, under the command of Zhou Yu, the coalition forces of Sun and Liu defeated Cao Cao's army in Chibi with a fire attack. This battle also laid the foundation for dividing the world into three parts. In 210 AD, Zhou Yu died of illness at the age of 36.
4. Battle of Feishui: The former Qin attacked the Eastern Jin. Heroes: Fu Jian, Xie An, Xie Xuan, etc.
The army of the former Qin Dynasty pressed against the Feishui River and formed a formation, but the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unable to cross. Xie Xuan sent an envoy to Fu Rong, Duke of Yangping, and said: "You are going deep alone, but you are pressing Feishui to deploy your army. This is a long-term stalemate strategy, not a way to engage in a quick battle. If you can move your army and retreat a little, let Isn't it a good thing that the Jin Dynasty's army can cross the river to decide the outcome?" All the generals of the former Qin Dynasty said: "We are outnumbered, so it is better to contain them and prevent them from landing. This will be safe." Fu Jian. Said: "Just lead the soldiers to retreat a little, let them cross the river halfway, and then we send out the armored cavalry to attack and kill. There is no reason to be invincible!" Fu Rong also thought it was okay, so he waved the battle flag and ordered the soldiers to retreat. . The former Qin army was out of control once it retreated.
Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi and others led their troops across the river to attack them. Fu Rong galloped his horse to inspect the military formation, hoping to lead the retreating troops, but his horse fell to the ground. Fu Rong was killed by the soldiers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the army of the former Qin Dynasty collapsed. Xie Xuan and others took advantage of the victory and pursued them all the way to Qinggang. The army of the former Qin Dynasty was defeated, and the people trampled on each other to death, covering the mountains and rivers. When the fleeing people heard the sound of the wind and the cry of cranes, they all thought that the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was coming. They did not dare to stop day and night, and they hurriedly chose their way. They slept in the wind and the open, suffered from cold and hunger, and seven out of ten people died.
When the former Qin army retreated slightly, Zhu Xu shouted loudly from behind the military formation: "The Qin army has failed!" When the soldiers heard this, they ran away. Zhu Xu took the opportunity to defect to the Eastern Jin Dynasty along with Zhang Tianxi and Xu Yuanxi. The mica-decorated chariot of the former Qin king Fu Jian was seized. He also captured Shouyang and captured Guo Bao, the prefect of Huainan in the former Qin Dynasty.
Xie Xuan (343-388) was a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The courtesy name is Youdu, Han nationality, from Yangxia, Chenjun County (now Taikang, Henan Province), the son of Xie Yi and the nephew of Xie An. At the age of 21, he became a general under the great Sima Huanwen, and later became the commander-in-chief of Xu, Yan, Qing, Si, Ji, You, and the military affairs of the seven states. He has the ability to manage the country and is good at running the army. In the second year of Taiyuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (377), in order to resist the invasion of the former Qin Dynasty, he was recommended by Xie An as the general of Jianwu and the governor of Yanzhou. He led the prime minister of Guangling and supervised the military affairs in the north of the Yangtze River. He recruited brave men from the people coming from the north to form and train an elite force, named "Beifu Soldiers".
5. Battle of Poyang Lake: Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Chen Youliang. Heroes: Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youliang, etc.
When Chen Youliang heard that Zhu Yuanzhang's army was coming to help, he withdrew from the siege of Hongdu and went east to Poyang Lake to fight. A life-and-death battle of unprecedented scale and intensity began on Poyang Lake. On the 20th, the two armies met on the lake surface of Kanglang Mountain (now Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province). At that time, Chen Jun's giant ships were united in formation, spread out for dozens of miles, "looking like a mountain", and their momentum was breathtaking. Zhu Yuanzhang was afraid that his giant ships were connected end to end, making it difficult to advance or retreat. He divided his ships into 20 teams. Each team was equipped with large and small artillery, firecrackers, rockets, fire caltrops, large and small muskets, magic arrows and crossbows. He ordered each team to approach the enemy. When approaching an enemy ship, fire firearms first, then bows and crossbows. When approaching an enemy ship, use short weapons for combat. The next day, the two sides started a fierce battle. Zhu Jun's general Xu Da took the lead and led a fleet to attack bravely, defeating Chen Jun's vanguard, killing 1,500 enemy soldiers and capturing a giant ship. Yu Tonghai took advantage of the wind and fired artillery, burning more than 20 ships of Chen Jun. Many Chen Jun were killed and drowned. However, Zhu Jun also suffered many casualties, especially Zhu Yuanzhang's ship, which ran aground and was surrounded, narrowly escaping the unexpected. The battle was stalemate. From morning to dusk, both sides called for gold and retreated their troops. The battle came to an end. Both sides suffered casualties, and there was no winner.
On the 22nd, Zhu Yuanzhang personally led the navy to fight.
However, Chen's ship was huge and Zhu's ship was too small to attack from above, and suffered setbacks one after another. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang promptly adopted the suggestion of his general Guo Xing and decided to use fire to defeat the enemy. At dusk, a northeasterly wind blew on the lake. Zhu Yuanzhang chose brave soldiers to drive seven fishing boats filled with gunpowder and firewood. They approached the enemy ships and set fire to the wind. The wind was strong and the fire spread quickly. For a moment, the flames soared and the lake turned red, burning hundreds of Chen Jun's giant ships in an instant. Chen Jun suffered more than half of his casualties. Chen Youliang's two brothers and general Chen Pulue were all burned to death. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of the momentum and launched a fierce attack, killing more than 2,000 enemies.
On the 23rd, there was another confrontation between the two sides. Chen Youliang targeted Zhu Yuanzhang's flagship and launched a fierce attack. As soon as Zhu Yuanzhang moved to his ship, the original ship was destroyed by Chen Jun. On the 24th, Yu Tonghai and others led 6 ships to break into Chen Jun's fleet, galloping bravely, with momentum like a dragon, as if they were entering an uninhabited land. Zhu Jun's morale was greatly boosted and he launched a fierce attack. In the end, Chen's army was defeated and the abandoned flags, drums and weapons were floating on the lake. Chen Youliang had no choice but to gather the remaining troops and turn to defense, not daring to fight anymore. That night, Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of his victory and captured Zuoli (now northwest of Duchang, Jiangxi) and controlled the upper reaches of the river. Chen Youliang also retreated to Zhuji (now south of Xingzi, Jiangxi). The two armies were in a stalemate for three days. Chen's army was defeated repeatedly, and the situation became increasingly unfavorable. Seeing that the situation was over, the two generals Chen Youliang surrendered to Zhu Yuanzhang. The morale within Chen's army was shaken and their strength was further weakened. Chen Youliang was angry and annoyed, and ordered all the prisoners captured to be killed to vent his anger. However, Zhu Yuanzhang did the opposite, returning all the prisoners, mourning the dead and treating the wounded, which undermined the morale of Chen's army, thus gaining popularity. Chen's army fell apart internally and its morale became even lower. Zhu Yuanzhang judged that Chen's army might break through and retreat into the Yangtze River, so he moved his army to Hukou, set up wooden palisades on both sides of the Yangtze River, and set up large boats and fire rafts in the river. He also sent troops to capture Qizhou and Xingguo, control the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and block the enemy's return route. Standby to annihilate the enemy. After more than a month of confrontation, Chen Youliang was trapped in the lake, his army supplies were exhausted, and his plans were exhausted. So he made a desperate move and risked his life to break out.
On August 26, they broke through from Nanhuzui and attempted to enter the Yangtze River and return to Wuchang. When they arrived at the mouth of the lake, Zhu Jun attacked with boat divisions and fire rafts from all sides. Chen Jun was unable to advance. He returned to Jingjiang River and was blocked by an ambush. They rushed left and right and could not open a way out. Chen Youliang was shot to death by an arrow. The army was defeated. More than 50,000 people surrendered.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His original name was Chongba, and later he was named Xingzong. Han nationality, a native of Zhongli Taiping Township in Haozhou (now east of Fengyang County, Anhui Province). At the age of 25, he joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing to resist the tyranny of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. In the twenty-eighth year of Yuan Zhizheng (1368), after basically defeating the peasant uprising armies and wiping out the remaining forces of the Yuan Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, named the country Daming, and the reign name Hongwu, and established a unified feudal regime across the country. Zhu Yuanzhang's reign is known as the "Hongwu Rule". Buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty.
Chen Youliang (1320～1363), the founder of the Han Dynasty in the late Yuan Dynasty of China. After the Peasant War broke out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he joined the Tianwan Red Turban Army led by Xu Shouhui, Zou Pusheng, Ni Wenjun and others, and was promoted to marshal for his merit. In the seventeenth year of Yuan Zhizheng (1357), Chen Youliang attacked and killed Ni Wenjun. In the 19th year, he killed Tianwan general Zhao Pusheng, took Xu Shouhui hostage, and claimed to be the king of Han. In the fifth month of the following year, he killed Xu Shouhui and proclaimed himself emperor. The name of the founding of the country was Han Dynasty, and the righteousness of the Yuan Dynasty was changed. After that, while continuing the anti-Yuan war, the military focused on the war against neighboring Zhu Yuanzhang's tribe. Most of the Han soldiers were Tianwan's old kinsmen, and they were deeply dissatisfied with Chen Youliang's usurpation of power. They defected one after another to surrender to Zhu during the war, causing Chen Youliang to lose one after another. In August of the 23rd year, Chen Youliang died in a stray arrow in Poyang Lake.
6. Battle of Sarhu: Ming attack on Nurhaci. Heroes: Nurhaci and others
Saarhu and Jilinya Battles
On April 13th, Du Song led 80,000 Ming troops out of Fushun Pass and arrived at Sarhu on the 14th , after learning about it, Jin Zheng sent troops to build Jiefan City to block the Ming army from advancing eastward. So Du Song left 20,000 men to garrison Sarhu, and led 10,000 men to attack Jiefan City, dispersing the scattered troops again. At this time, Nurhaci led the Eight Banners soldiers to the east of Jiefan and quickly seized every opportunity to defeat them. He said: "First defeat the troops stationed in Sarhu Mountain. If the troops are defeated, all the people in the world will be scared." He sent Daishan and Huang Taiji to lead two banners to intercept Junsong, and he personally led the six banners to fight fiercely. The Ming army in Sarhu was suddenly attacked and fled to the west bank of the Sarhu River. As a result, they were all wiped out in the Deli Aha area. But Juniper fell into a tight siege at the foot of Jilin Cliff. Juniper lost his life and the entire army was wiped out. "The dead are scattered all over the mountains and fields, and blood flows into channels. The weapons and corpses rushing into the muddy river are like spinning down ice."
The Battle of Shangjian Cliff and Feifen Mountain
On April 14, Ma Lin led the Ming army and Ye He soldiers out of Sanchakou and camped at Shangjian in Fuleha Mountain. Ya, sent Pan Zongyan to lead an army to garrison Feifen Mountain, and Gong Niansui to lead an army to guard Wohui Emo. They were the horns of each other and supported each other.
After Nurhachi eliminated the main force of the Ming army on the western front, he took advantage of the victory and marched northward. On the 15th, the Houjin army first defeated the next year stationed in Ahui Emo, and then attacked Shangjianya. Defeated, Ma Lin only escaped with his body and fled to Kaiyuan. The Ming army in Feifen Mountain was also attacked and destroyed.
The Battle of Abdali Gang and Fucha
On April 10, Liu Wei left Kuandian all the way. Although the Ming army was the first to set out on this road, due to the steep mountain road and heavy snow, The advance was slow and they did not reach Shenhe until the 15th. A small number of Hou Jin's defenders intercepted along the way, fought and retreated, trying their best to slow down the Ming army's advance.
On the 16th, Liu Wei arrived at Abdali Gang, and the Korean soldiers led by Jiang Hongli arrived at Fucha (Fuche), which was still fifty or sixty miles away from Hetuala.
At this time, Nurhachi had won the two battles in the northwest, and immediately sent Hu Erhan, Amin, Daishan, and Huang Taiji to set off one after another, rushing to the eastern front day and night, and soon gathered more than 30,000 people on the eastern front. , "Hidden Valley", waiting to move. However, the Ming army burned villages, "divided and plundered tribes", and advanced without warning. Later, the Jin army "unexpectedly stood out and broke through the front and rear". Liu Wei died in battle and the entire army was wiped out. Daishan then gathered the Eight Banners soldiers to attack the Korean army in the Fucha area. Jiang Hongli's military camp was tightly surrounded. "Gufu is narrow, with men and horses stuck to their sides. They have been hungry and thirsty for many days. If they want to leave, their way back is cut off. If you want to fight, all the soldiers will tremble, and if there are those who abandon their weapons and sit still, nothing can be done." So Jiang Hong stood down and the whole army surrendered.
Yang Hao was shocked to learn that three armies had lost their troops and urgently ordered Li Rubai to withdraw his troops. Only this one of the four armies of the Ming Dynasty escaped the fate of defeat.
Nurhachi, Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, had a surname of Aixinjueluo. Great statesman and military strategist. An outstanding leader of the Jurchen tribe and the founder of the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was born in the city of Hetuala in the 38th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1559) in the Su Kesu Hubu Department of Zuowei, Jianzhou.