Teaching design of Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields"
[Teaching Objectives]
1. Knowledge and Skills
Master the key words Ci, understand Tao Yuanming and his poems.
2. Abilities and methods
Through group cooperation and discussion, you can appreciate the beauty of the countryside and understand the true nature.
3. Emotions, attitudes and values ??
Understand the poet’s life ambitions and interests
[Teaching focus]
Taste Tao’s poems The language of Reading, group cooperation and inquiry
[Class schedule] 1 class hour
[Teaching process]
[Introduction of new lessons]
Creating situations :
Students, in "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", the people of Wuling got a glimpse of the beautiful scenery of Peach Blossom Spring. The land here is flat, the houses are neat, there are fertile fields and beautiful ponds, chickens and dogs hear each other, and the people are simple... It is a scene of peace and tranquility. Just imagine, if you were from Wuling, what would you do when you came out of Peach Blossom Spring?
(Default) Student: The text said that he went back to look for it, but did not find it; he would take his family and escape When he comes to this place, he will build another paradise based on that one.
Teacher: In fact, Tao Yuanming, like him, also wanted to build his own peach blossom garden. Where was it built?
Health: It was built in the countryside.
Follow-up question: Today we will take a look at the Peach Blossom Spring he built himself. But it is not called Peach Blossom Spring. What is it called?
Student: Pastoral
Follow-up question : Today we will step into his "Returning to the Garden and Residence" together to take a look, play and taste it.
[Perception of text]
1. Read the text aloud
(1) Ask students to read the text freely and outline unknown words.
(2) The teacher demonstrates reading aloud and the students eliminate the obstacles in pronunciation.
(3) Ask students to read the text together.
Transition: The titles of articles and poems are like people’s eyebrows and eyes. As the saying goes: “Brows and eyes convey affection”. The titles of articles can often convey or imply a lot of effective information.
2. Clarify the ideas of the article:
Judging from the title, what basic information is conveyed to us?
Clear: Return to the countryside
Question: Judging from this title, which word should we focus on? Return. Now let us clarify the idea of ????the article around the word "gui". So where does the author return?
Clear: Return to the countryside; that is, he tells us where he returns (writing on the blackboard)
Transition: What are the sentences about the return home, classmate Let's read it out together.
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Follow-up question: In addition to what was just summarized: the reason for returning to the destination, what else was written? Please let the students read the last two sentences together: "The house is free of dust and miscellaneous..." Return to nature?
Clarify: the feeling of returning (qu)
Question: Which word is better? Qu? I think the word is better, qing: just a mood at that time, and The word "interest" expresses the author's feeling of enjoying it (in rural life), and the author's return to the countryside is also a kind of interest and interest in his life.
Writing on the blackboard: Clearly: (1-6) attribution; (7-16) return to place; (17-20) return to interest.
Transition: After clarifying the context, let the teacher lead everyone to understand the reason for the poet's return.
[Read the text]
1. Understand? Attribution?:
Question: Which poems embody attribution?
Clear :The first 6 sentences.
2. Read the keywords
Question: Which words in the first 6 sentences of the poem express the reason why the poet resigned and returned to seclusion?
3. Read the summary sentences :
(1) ?Have no rhyme suitable to the vulgar, but love the mountains by nature?
Question: What does ?vulgar? mean? What does not have the vulgarity?
Clearly:? Secular?: Secular: striving for fame and wealth, striving for fame and fortune; obsessed with wealth, obsessed with fame and fortune. ?People in the world are prosperous; they come for benefit and leave for benefit. ?"Historical Records" means that people all over the world flocked to each other for the sake of profit, and everyone went their separate ways for the sake of profit. ?Unconventional?: Cannot and will not cater to the world and retain one's true temperament.
Summary: These two sentences tell us that Tao Yuanming is not only true in nature and high in character, but also yearns for pastoral life.
(2) I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirty years.
Follow-up question: Which two words should we focus on in these two lines of poetry? Why?
Clarification: ?Mistake? Thirty years?
Follow-up question: Indicate the author What kind of mood?
Clearly: the disgust for officialdom, a word "mistake", shows the author's regret; thirty years is an exaggeration, showing the long time and the depth of regret.
Transition: The author uses a more appropriate metaphor to express his dislike of officialdom.
(3)?The bird in the pond is nostalgic for the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss the old abyss?
Question: What kind of bird is the bird in the pond? What are the fish in the pond like? They all have them A unique characteristic: no freedom, restraint.
Follow-up question: What kind of mood does the poet express with a word "love" and a word "thought"?
Clarity: It is the author who longs for pastoral freedom and hates the constraints of officialdom, so here It expresses the author's eagerness to return to the garden.
Transition: However, the most attractive thing is the place of return. Now I will ask the students to work in groups to appreciate it.
2. Taste? Homecoming?: * (Group discussion)
(1) What pastoral images are selected in this poem?
Clarify: Method Houses, thatched cottages, elms and willows, peaches and plums, villages, cooking smoke, dogs (barking), chickens (crowing)
(2) Is it beautiful to look at these independent images alone?
Clarification: Not beautiful!
Follow-up question: Yes, these are just ordinary things in the countryside. Then why do all ordinary things seem so beautiful in Tao Yuanming's eyes?
Question: As the saying goes: Landscape comes from the heart. The poet himself loves mountains and hills by nature, and has always longed for and yearned for pastoral life, so , when I look at things, everything has my color.
(3) What are the characteristics of these images? Appreciate the beauty contained in the scenery.
Now I will divide our class into four major groups to taste the characteristics of the imagery and discover the beauty contained in the scenery.
1. Square house and thatched cottage: the residence is spacious and spacious. Although the houses are simple and simple, the good thing is that they are large in number and are not only large enough for the family to live in, but also have room for guests.
2. Elms, willows, peaches and plums: the environment is quiet and beautiful (the flowers are blooming in spring, colorful and gorgeous; the green fields are lush and green in summer)
3. Distant villages and cooking smoke: the atmosphere is peaceful Soft (a small village, with smoke from the kitchen, hazy and confused, like illusion and reality)
4. Dog barking and rooster crow: life is quiet and peaceful (you can hear the barking of dogs in the deep alley, which shows the tranquility of the countryside) ;Chickens crow proudly on the top of the mulberry tree, which shows the stability and peace of life. ?Dogs bark and chickens crow?It also adds vitality and vitality to rural life)
Summary: Although these scenes are ordinary when viewed in isolation, When they are combined together, they vividly show us a peaceful, simple, natural and beautiful pastoral picture.
Transition: But how did the poet feel after returning? Let’s read the last four lines of the poem together.
3. Feelings? Returning interest?:
How does the poet feel after returning? (? Dust-free house? Unnatural?)
Clear : Get rid of the free, relaxed and joyful mood of official life. I feel the leisure, tranquility, beauty and freedom of rural life.
[Expand and Expand]
1. Explore the literal meaning of the word 曰? He saw all the beautiful scenery of Taoyuan, but the teacher had a doubt. In the place that the poet yearned for so much, he said that he should stay humble and return to the garden. What does "clumsy" mean?
Clearly: "clumsy" has two meanings, one is "stupid"; the other is a word of self-effacing.
Question: Is Tao Yuanming really stupid? No, it’s a self-effacing statement, as the saying goes: Great wisdom is like a fool.
Follow-up question: How do we understand the word "clumsy" in the article?
Clarify: In what aspects does the author's "clumsy" manifest itself? ① From the author's own perspective, he Where do you feel you are clumsy? (Hint: clumsy things, clumsy scenes (the pastoral life you pursue is a clumsy pursuit of life)), ② Let’s talk about clumsyness from the perspective of secular concepts
< p>Clear: ①A: "Awkward thing": The poet once entered the officialdom by mistake because of his need to make a living and his ambition to "help the people", and now he feels a mixture of regrets. B: "Humble Scenery": The things the poet pursues are ordinary scenes common in the countryside, such as thatched cottages and square houses. However, in the author's eyes, the simpler things are, the more satisfied he is, and the happier he feels. and happiness.②In the feudal era, most secular people were proud of and benefited from being an official. However, Tao Yuanming had little adaptability to the vulgar and loved mountains and hills. He had a temperament and sentiment that was different from the popular customs. He believed that his own nature was Unable to reconcile with the officialdom, the author resolutely chose a path that ran counter to the secular concept of pursuing fame and fortune, and the best of the best. Choose to return to the leisurely, tranquil, beautiful, free pastoral life, and stick to your true nature. ③In a society where the struggle for power is fierce, it is difficult for a gentleman to get along with himself. If he does not join the others, he will be annihilated by the system; in an era when everyone is drunk, Tao Yuanming is helpless and faces the dirty reality. He does not want to do anything for himself. With his heart in service, the poet finally chose to take a path of purity and morality.
Summary: The "clumsy" that Tao Yuanming insisted on, as the saying goes: "The world thinks it is clumsy, but I regard it as true" is that he sticks to the true self of his nature, and keeps the independence and freedom of his personality. It is also to stick to the habitat of one's own spirit and soul, and to seek one's own spiritual home. In this way, he completely stayed away from officialdom and relied on his heart and spirit through an indifferent and peaceful pastoral life, so as not to let his heart become confused and lose himself. "If you are prosperous, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can take care of yourself." When a scholar-bureaucrat cannot realize his ambition of helping the world, perhaps "if he is poor, he can take care of himself" is his best destination.
2. Build your own spiritual home (imitation sentences)
Question: So what is a spiritual home?
Clarity: ?Spiritual home? I think It should be the ideal life, the source of strength, and the habitat of the soul.
Follow-up question: So students, what kind of spiritual home do you want to build?
Tips: ① Students can learn from Tao Yuanming to use imagery to build your spiritual home; or choose to supplement Complete the following sentence
②My spiritual home is (?), here is (?); when I (?), my spiritual home is (?).
[Class End]
My classmates, in such an era, Tao Yuanming always insisted on his true nature and his spiritual home. As seen in the advertisement: "There are two peach blossom gardens in the world, one is in Youyang, and the other is in your heart." Yes, each of us has a peach blossom garden in our heart, which is the habitat of our soul and our spirit. home. There is also a warm spiritual home in the hearts of teachers. Today, as a new teacher, the reason why I can stand here to communicate and learn with everyone is because there is a united and powerful spiritual group behind me. It is they who give I have confidence and courage, so they are the teacher’s spiritual home. However, as you are in the process of becoming mature and ignorant, you need to build and manage your spiritual home well, maintain a serious attitude towards life, and move forward firmly for the ideals in your heart.
I believe: freedom, joy and happiness are just ahead?