On December 13, 1797, Heine was born in a dilapidated Jewish businessman's family in Dusseldorf, Germany. He was the eldest son of the family. His father, Samson Heine, had served in the army and was a mediocre businessman, but kind, cheerful and energetic. His mother, Bella von Gelder, was intelligent and enthusiastic, proficient in German, French and English, rich in musical talent, and loved Rousseau and Goethe. His parents raised him according to Jewish rules. He attended Jewish children's schools and Catholic schools. Heine showed neurotic characteristics at an early age. He could not tolerate any noise, hated the smell of tobacco, and did not like music and dance. However, he loved poetry and began writing poetry when he was 15 years old.
The poet experienced his first love when he was 16 years old. He fell in love with Joqinfen, the eldest daughter of an executioner. This pale and beautiful red-haired girl aroused Heine's interest in folk poetry, making him discover for the first time its rich and peculiar beauty, which had a great influence on his future creations.
Heine's parents hoped that he could become a businessman, so they first sent him to a business school in Dusseldorf, then to a banker in Frankfurt, and then to a trading house in Hamburg. In 1818, Salomon Heine, the great banker's uncle, helped him establish a textile trading house, which closed down within a year. It was obvious that he had no business aptitude. At this time, he fell in love with his uncle's third daughter Amalie, a beauty with "violet eyes" and "lily hands". Heine wrote a lot of love poems for her, but three years later she married the owner of the manor. The blow of lovelorn made Heine's poems at this time full of pain and ridicule. These sweet and bitter poems were later collected in the collection "The Troubles of Youth" (1822).
In 1819, Heine entered the University of Bonn to study law with the help of his uncle. In 1820, he transferred to the University of G?ttingen and was forced to drop out six months later because of a fight. In 1821, he went to Berlin to study philosophy under the guidance of Hegel. This philosophical giant played a great role in the development of Heine's mind. In addition, the philosophers Spinoza and Wolff, the linguist Pope, and the jurist Edward Gance also had a certain influence on him. During this period he wrote the plays "Almanzo" and "William Ratcliffe" and a collection of poems "Lyric Interludes", but they were all unsuccessful.
In 1823, he returned to G?ttingen to continue his studies and obtained a doctorate in law two years later. During this period, he drew a lot of nutrients from the German poet William Muller, thus forming his own unique concise poetic style. On October 2 of the following year, he took his poems to Weimar to visit Goethe. Although the latter's cold treatment made Heine very unhappy, it did not affect his reverence and love for Goethe. After that, Heine drew inspiration from his travels and created three collections of poems, "Returning Home" (1824), "Lyric Interludes" (1824), and "Beihai Collection" (1826), and four travel notes. While writing "The Return of the Native", he met and fell in love with Amalie's sister Teresa, almost unable to extricate himself. But five years later she married a doctor of law, which hit the poet's heart hard for the second time. In 1827, he published three collections of poems together with two previously published volumes, called "Collection of Poems". This made him successful and truly established his status as a poet.
When the French July Revolution broke out in 1830, Heine was delighted. However, the following year, he was forced to go into exile in Paris. There he had close contacts with Balzac, George Sand, Chopin and the Saint-Simonians. He wrote a large amount of literary criticism, dedicated to communicating the spiritual and cultural exchanges between the people of Germany and France, the most famous of which are "On Romanticism" and "On the History of German Religion and Philosophy". Engels praised him for his "thorough observation and profound thinking."
In 1841, Heine wrote the long poem "Ata Troll" in a beautiful style. After marrying the French girl Elisette, he stepped out of his personal lyrical circle and wrote many political poems with pungent satire and powerful rhythm to express his strong determination to overthrow the old system. "Silesian Textile Factory", which reflects the textile factory uprising in 1844, was evaluated by Engels as "one of the most powerful poems". It is worth mentioning Heine’s interaction with Marx. In late December 1843, Heine and the 25-year-old Marx hit it off, and from then on they talked and deliberated on poetry together almost every day. In 1844, Heine wrote a long poem "Germany, a Winter's Fairy Tale" that reflected his unique style. Marx spoke highly of this and quoted Heine's poems as a weapon of struggle many times. At the beginning of the next year, Marx was expelled from France. Before leaving, he wrote to Heine: "Among the people I am leaving, parting with Heine is the most uncomfortable for me. I really want to take you with me." ."
In 1847, Heine suffered from severe myelopathy and became bedridden the next year until his death. While suffering from illness, he created a collection of narrative poems "Romancello" (1851) and a collection of lyric poems "The Last Poems" (1854). In the last year of his life, a beautiful girl named Urlai Selton gave him spiritual comfort. On February 17, 1856, Heine died peacefully. Contemporaries commented on him: "Heine endured in his heart all the difficulties of great literature arising from his ideals."
As a great poet and freedom fighter, Heine endured all the difficulties throughout his life. Fighting for your ideals. In 1826 he wrote: “I do not know whether I am worthy of having my coffin decorated with laurels.
Poetry, which I love so much, has always been my holy toy, or holy tool, for holy purposes... But you should place a sword on my coffin, because I was a brave man in the war for the liberation of mankind. warrior.
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