"Looking at the Sea" was written in September of the 12th year of Jian 'an (2007), when Cao Cao marched north to Wu Huan and wiped out Yuan Shao's remnants. This four-character poem depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains through the natural scenery that the poet saw when he climbed to the sea. It not only depicts the moving images of mountains and seas, but also expresses the heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit of the poet. It is a masterpiece describing natural scenery in Jian 'an period and one of the earliest representative works of China's classical landscape poems. The commentary "Looking at the Sea" was added by later generations and was originally the first chapter of "Walking Out of Xiamen". Walking out of Xiamen, also known as Longxi West, belongs to Xiangruge tonal song in Han Yuefu. "Xiamen" was originally the city gate at the western end of Luoyang city. The Han Dynasty was called Xiamen, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties was called Great Xiamen. There are only two ancient words: "People in the city are easy, and the tomb of a thousand years old is flat" (see Shan Li's note in Selected Works). Yuefu Poems also records the old saying "Go astray and stay empty", a story about how to become an immortal. This article by Cao Cao, Records of Le Shu in the Song Dynasty, is listed as a Daqu with the title Jieshi Stepping out of Xiamen. Judging from the content of the poem, it has nothing to do with the meaning of the topic, so it can be seen that it is just writing current affairs through ancient inscriptions. The poem begins with the word "Yan" (overture) and is divided into four chapters (chapters): watching the sea, winter in October, strange land and longevity of turtles. As in 207 AD (the 12th year of Jian 'an), Wu Huan was on his way home from the Northern Expedition.
Climb Jieshi Mountain to the east to see the sea. How vast the sea is, and the mountain island stands high on the seaside. Trees and herbs are lush. The autumn wind blows the trees and makes a sad sound, and the sea is rough. The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean. The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean. What luck! Just use poetry to express your feelings! To annotate ...
(1) Pro: Boarding is sightseeing. Jié stone: The name of the mountain. Jieshi Mountain is now Changli County, Hebei Province. In the autumn of 207 AD, Cao Cao passed by when he was collecting Wu Huan. (3) Cang: Tong "Cang", turquoise. (4) Sea: Bohai Sea (5) How (6) dàn dàn: The appearance of turbulent water waves. (7) s ǒ ng zhi: stand upright. It's "shrug" and "high" Stand straight. (8) bleak (xiāo sè): the sound of vegetation being blown by the autumn wind. (9) Hongbo: Canglang (10) Riyue (1 1) If: Like it. I think so. (12) xinghan: galaxy. (13) Lucky: Lucky. (14) Very: Extremely. (15) to: very, (16) lucky, even: very lucky, great. Lucky, lucky. To the extreme. (17) chant: chant (18) chant: express one's mind. (19) ambition: ideal (20) singing with ambition: expressing your thoughts or ideals with poetry. The last two sentences are not directly related to the text of this poem, but a way of ending Yuefu poetry, which was added for musical singing. Selected from Yuefu poems, this is the second one in Out of Xiamen. The word "sea" can refer to the sea in general, because the sea is pale and endless, so it is called the sea. For example, Ge Hong's "Bao Pu Zi Qiong Da": "Well frogs don't know the sea." Sea: the sea, the sea. "Sea" is another name for East Sea in China. The poem "Jieshi Looking at the Sea in the East" refers to the East China Sea. The sixth book of Beginners explains: "According to the difference between the East China Sea and the West Sea, the East China Sea is called the Bohai Sea, and the Bohai Sea is also called the sea. The East China Sea referred to here generally refers to the eastern waters of China, which is different from the "East China Sea" referring to the waters east of Zhejiang today. The original meaning of "Dan" and "Dan" is the way of water fluctuation. This is the poem "What is water? ".It can also be described as reassuring. For example, Liu Xiang's "Nine Sighs of Fate" means "full of affection". It can also be described as vast. For example, Du Mu's "Leyou Tombs" "There are no solitary birds in the sky, and they have sunk in it for ages." (Lian: Describe the vastness of the sky. Bleak "Bleak" is a continuous word used to describe the sound of autumn wind, which comes from Song Yu's Nine Arguments. The poem bleak autumn wind uses its original meaning. Writing "Little Sa" again. "Desolate" can also be used to describe loneliness and desolation. For example, a sentence in Du Fu's "Poems on Huai": "Yu Xin's life is the most bitter, and his poems in his twilight years stir the rivers and lakes." Brilliant "brilliant" means overlapping rhyme and dazzling, and can also be used to describe gorgeous words. This poem "The Stars Are Brilliant" is brilliant. Zhang Heng's "Fu Xuan" is "brilliant", brilliant: gorgeous words. Fortunately, Lian, the song is sung with chanting as the soundtrack, Lian is fine, very good. Appreciation of Poetry is an ancient poem in terms of its genre. In terms of expression, this is a lyric poem about the scenery. The words "Jieshi is in the east, looking at the sea" point out the positioning of "looking at the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. The word "Guan" plays a leading role in the whole article, which embodies the characteristics of this poem's open artistic conception and vigorous momentum. The first four lines describe the scene of the sea, which is dynamic and quiet. For example, "autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough" and "what is the water like" describe dynamic scenery, while "trees are full of vegetation" and "mountains and islands are full of scenery" describe static scenery. Looking at the sea is selected from Yuefu poems, which is the first chapter of Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen". "The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at first, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below. "There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The operation of the sun and the moon seems to be from the vast ocean. "The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is lush, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are about "What is water like? ":Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style embodies his "ambition" mind. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if by surprise; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "The writer cao cao's ambition. The previous description is observed from the plane of the sea. These four sentences are related to the boundless universe, showing the momentum and strength of the sea to the readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky, and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. Some people used to say that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as "Looking at the Sea", which were "not bad, even, sung in songs." This is a cliche in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem. It was also pointed out that this was sung by Yuefu.
1. The writing background of Looking at the Sea is a masterpiece of Cao Cao, which is his work. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem. Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan this time. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, which forced Cao Cao to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In the great war in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, enabling him to March south in the following year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. And "Looking at the Sea" was written when I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way to northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao boarded Jieshi as a commander-in-chief, which was also visited by many emperors and Hanwu. When the autumn wind was bleak, his mood was as difficult as the sea. He integrated his grand ambition and broad mind into his poems and expressed it through the image of the sea. 2. Regarding the sentence "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east", "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east." The opening point explains the orientation, place and object of observation. Although these two sentences are not written directly to people, we seem to see Cao Cao's heroism in climbing mountains and looking at the sea. "Jieshi", according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, was in the southwest of Licheng (now Laoting, Hebei Province) and sank into the sea during the Six Dynasties. The word "Guan" dominates the whole poem and is the clue of the whole poem. The following is what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain according to the word "Guan". The first two sentences started smoothly. "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" means that he climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. The former Jieshi Mountain is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, facing the Bohai Sea. 3. About "What is water like?" Six sentences "What is water like?" It's about overlooking the sea from Jieshi Mountain. "Lian Lian" is to describe the swaying appearance of the sea; "What", here when "how". "How about water?" , showing the power of the sea and magnificent weather. Among them, there are surprises and praises, which is the first impression of just climbing the top of the mountain. "Ruzhi" is a towering appearance. The meaning of these two poems is: the vast sea is blue and boundless, and only the mountain island at the foot stands high in the center of the sea. As we all know, watching the sea, standing on the shore, sitting on the bow, or climbing to the top of the mountain, our feelings are very different. At this time, when Cao Cao stood on the mountain, the first thing he saw was the panoramic view of the sea. Therefore, he tried to exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea, giving people a sense of firmness and stubbornness. The towering mountain island suddenly attracted the poet's attention, so he immediately wrote down the scenery on the island: "There are many trees and many herbs." There are thriving scenes everywhere, as if there is infinite life waiting for us to discover. "The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges." With the bleak wind, suddenly set off a huge wave, people feel amazing a little too late! But when we turned our eyes to the surging waves, the poet stopped describing them. The six sentences "water" are written in front of the sea. There are only two sentences that really write about the sea. Although there are not many words, the author focuses on the morphological changes of the sea, draws a big outline and writes out the characteristics of the sea. "How about water?" It's about the rough waves of the sea when there is no wind. When there is a strong wind at sea, it will immediately set off an uproar. "Hongbo surges" vividly shows the majestic momentum of the sea in just four words. The word "Yong" is used very well. From this description, we not only see the shape of the sea surging into the sky, but also seem to hear the sound of stormy waves lapping on the shore. Although the author wrote about the sea, he didn't just write about it. If you only write about the boundless and choppy sea water, even if it is well written, it will give people a sense of silence. Therefore, when describing the sea, the author inserted the mountain island vegetation to touch it. With the brushwork of mountain island vegetation, the sea is written with vigor and prosperity, which makes people feel that the sea is not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful. Let's try to recite these sentences together, and we can appreciate the charm: the vast sea, undulating waves, flapping the coast, towering mountains and islands, lush vegetation swaying in the bleak autumn wind, what a magnificent artistic conception and what a beautiful picture! 4. With regard to Journey to the Sun, Moon and Stars, the author has developed a rich and peculiar imagination in the face of this charming sea scenery. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The sun, the moon and the Milky Way, which keep running, are all contained in this sea. How energetic! These four sentences are the climax of the whole poem, and the author uses exaggerated expression techniques to create an extremely open artistic conception, which adds a positive romantic color to the whole poem. Although highly exaggerated, the author still firmly grasps the majestic characteristics of the sea to write, and exaggeration is reasonable. The poet's rich imagination has brought us to a more magnificent realm: "If the journey of the sun and the moon comes out from this; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "This word 16 describes the vastness of the sea and writes a picture of the sun, moon and stars, including pregnant stars. The sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky, which is boundless. It's really spectacular. " Xinghan is the Milky Way in the sky. The meaning of these four poems is: the sun and the moon rise in the east every day, go around once, and then set to the west, as if rising from the sea and falling into the sea. The starry galaxy is oblique in the sky, and its far end is perpendicular to the sea, as if it originated from the sea. The sun, the moon and the milky way are the most brilliant and greatest images in nature, but the poet feels that their operation is still inseparable from the embrace of the sea, which is like the mother of the sun, the moon and the stars. This broad realm is rare in ancient poetry. It is also the climax of the whole poem. 5. The characteristics of the combination of scenery and emotion in Looking at the Sea In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. Facts have shown that the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions by writing about the sea. This feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery. This lyric way is different from many lyric ways of writing landscape poems in ancient times. Many lyric poems describing scenery in ancient times were divided into scenes, or they focused on the scenery above and the emotion below. For example, in Jing Ke's Yi Shui Ge, the sentence "The wind is rustling, Shui Han" focuses on Feng Shui; The next sentence "A strong man will never return" describes the feeling that a strong man will die. For example, Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower", the first part of "With Wu in my east and Chu in the south, we can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth", which focuses on scenery and is also very ambitious; The bottom line is "but I haven't heard from my relatives or friends, I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat", and the focus is on love writing. Looking at the Sea contains feelings in the scenery and feelings in the scenery. The words in Looking at the Sea are full of passion. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people. Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea accurately and vividly depicts the image of the ocean, which is simple and full, rich but not trivial, like a thick charcoal brush stroke. What is particularly commendable is that this poem not only reflects the image of the ocean, but also gives it character. Every sentence is a scene, and every sentence is lyric. It shows the sea and the poet himself. The poet is not satisfied with imitating the shape of the ocean, but tries to express the gestation and turbulent character of the ocean through images. The lifeless sea has a personality in the poet's works. Only in this way can we reflect the face of the sea more truly and profoundly. "Looking at the Sea" is a lyric poem that skillfully combines the seascape in front of you with your own aspirations. The climax of watching the sea is at the end of the poem. Its feelings are unrestrained, but its thoughts are subtle. Not only did the scene blend, but also the combination of reason and emotion. Because it is implicit, it is more enlightening, more stimulating to our imagination and more intriguing. In the past, people praised Cao Cao's poems as deep, full and powerful, which can be confirmed from here. The tone of the whole poem is desolate and generous, and it is also a masterpiece of Jian 'an's character.