The empty boat sails freely, and the recovery is endless. The year of hair begins to look down, and the star age is about to reach its peak. There are few things in the south window, but the north forest is prosperous and abundant. Shenping writes about the time of rain, and the morning color plays the scenery. Now that you have come, who will not go? Human nature has its own end. If you always wait for it to be exhausted, how can you hurt the rush by bending your arms? Migration or danger, unbridled ambition. If things are already high, why bother to sublime them? ——Tao Yuanming of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "Composition on the Day of May and Records of Lord Dai" Writing on the Day of May and Records of Lord Dai The empty boat is sailing freely, and the recovery is endless.
The year begins to look down, and the star is about to reach its peak.
There are few things in the south window, but the north forest is prosperous and abundant.
Shenping writes about the rain, and the morning color plays the scenery.
Now that you have come, who will not go? Human nature has its own end.
If you always wait for it to be exhausted, how can you hurt the rush by bending your arms?
Migration or danger, there is no ambition.
If things are already high, why bother to sublime them? Expressive, open-minded, natural life Translation and annotations
Translation
Time passes like a flying boat, repeating itself endlessly.
Just after the beginning of the new year, suddenly it is the middle of the year again.
There are rare haggard and dead trees in the south window, while the woods in the north are prosperous.
The rain god drops sweet rain in time, and the peaceful south wind blows in the early morning.
Who can avoid death since he is born? The laws of life must have an end.
Living in poverty and waiting for the end of your life, why use a bent arm as a pillow to hinder prosperity.
Fortune changes with good times and bad, and there is no end to the consequences if you indulge your will.
If you can just look at things and see what happens, why bother climbing the Songhua Peak? Creation background This poem was written in the ninth year of Yixi (413), the reign of Emperor Jin'an, and was written at a similar time to "Three Poems on Shapes, Shadows and Gods". Tao Yuanming was forty-nine years old this year. Appreciation
"Xu Zhou Zong Yi Chao" refers to manipulation. It can be understood as a passive usage, controlled by "Yi Chao". Yichu means rowing the boat very fast; combined with the previous "virtual boat" to understand: on a light boat, rowing the oars quickly refers to the speed. This is just a literal meaning. "The reply is endless." Reply means that the cycle is repeated, and the cycle is repeated until it is endless. Various annotations all say that what is mentioned here is time, "time does not stop, passes rapidly, and the four seasons cycle endlessly."
The above two sentences are fictitious writing, writing big concepts. Time passes extremely fast, and the cycle repeats to infinity. Next two sentences, write specifically. In daily life, day by day and year by year pass quickly. "Fa Sui Bei Yan", "Fa Sui" means the beginning of the year; "Pu Yang" means "pitch", "push" means to lower one's head, and "yang" means to raise one's head. Between this kind of raising one's head and lowering one's head, the year has just begun, and it will start soon. It’s May, and half a year will soon pass. "Xing Ji is about to be in the middle", Xing Ji, a simple understanding is the sun, moon and stars in the sky, one year; "奄" means the speed of time; "Jiang Zhong", about to be in the middle, refers to the middle of the year; between tilting and tilting, It’s almost mid-year. "Li Sao" said, "The sun and the moon suddenly do not flood, and spring and autumn are the order of the times." It means that time passes by in a hurry and does not stop for people. In the blink of an eye, spring is gone and autumn is coming. The cycle repeatedly.
This poem was written in May. As mentioned above, time flies by very quickly. It’s almost the middle of the year and it’s May. What I write next is what the situation in nature is like in May. "There are few things in the south window, but the north forest is prosperous and abundant." Whether it is the south window or the north forest, flowers, plants and trees are full of vitality. This is intertextuality. The characteristics of intertextuality are that they echo and complement each other. For example, in this sentence, it cannot be said that there are no withered flowers and plants in the south window, and the trees in the north are very lush. It can't be said separately. They are a whole, describing the natural scene of this season. These two sentences describe trees, and the following two sentences describe wind and rain. "Shen Ping writes about the time of rain, and the morning color plays the scenery." "Ping" is written as "Yuan", which means Tianyuan. When it rains heavily, the sky is covered with dark clouds, and it looks like an abyss. At the same time, it is in the sky. In the eyes of the ancients, things in the sky are like gods and require awe, so they are called It's called "God's Abyss". "Zhu" means "Xie", which can be understood in conjunction with "Shiyu" below. "Shiyu" is the rain that corresponds to the season. In May, it rained seasonally. "Morning color" is the scenery in the early morning. In the early morning, everything is beautiful; at this time, it is also accompanied by the warm south wind in May. It was May at this time, and the warm south wind was blowing. It was really a good time.
In the above four sentences, whether it is flowers, trees, wind or rain, Tao Yuanming here is not just writing about the beauty of nature, he is talking about what kind of season, what kind of Natural scenes, they come in season; once the season passes, they will disappear. "Now that you have come, who will not go?", and then he said, "Now that you have come," the flowers, plants and trees in the forest in the north of the south window are all growing very lush now. It rains seasonally in the sky, and there is the warm south window. Wind, these, in a season like May, they all come and appear at the right time. However, "Which one will not go?" This is a question. In fact, it is asked knowingly. They are definitely going and leaving. Yes, this is the law of nature, what comes must go. This principle is the same as life, there must be death.
"Human nature has its own end." Human beings' life is the same as the flowers, plants and trees in nature. There will be times when they are prosperous and beautiful, and there will also be times when they will wither. The meaning of "inherent death" is irresistible.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Rong Qiqi, who had a conversation with Confucius. Once, Confucius went to Mount Tai to visit and met Rong Qiqi on the road. At that time, Rong Qiqi was wearing very shabby clothes. The book said it was "deer fur with a rope". Qiu is a coat. Deer fur does not refer to a leather coat made of deer skin, but a relatively rough coat. In ancient times, it was a mourning dress. Or the clothes worn by hermits, "corded", which means casually tied with ropes around the waist. Even though he was so poor, Rong Qiqi still "singed on the drum and harp". He sang happily while playing the harp. Confucius asked him, why are you so happy? Rong Qiqi replied, there are many reasons why I am happy. Then he listed three reasons: between heaven and earth, humans are noble, and I am a human, which is the first happiness; men are superior to women, and men are the most noble in the world, and I am a man, which is the second happiness; some people I died young after only a few years of life, and now I have lived to be ninety years old. This is the third happiness; in this case, shouldn't I be happy? After talking about these three joys, Rong Qiqi concluded, "Poor people are common among scholars", poverty is what scholars often face; "The dead are the end of the people", death is the same for everyone, this is all The final outcome of a person, then, now, I am "living in and waiting for the end". I am at ease in my normal state, waiting for the same result as everyone else. Why am I unhappy in this? This is the story of Rong Qiqi.
As mentioned earlier, "Human nature has its own end." In this life, there must be an end. Everyone is the same and will die. So what people can do is to "stay here and wait until it is over", face it calmly, and live with peace of mind. Death will eventually come. This meaning is the same as what Rong Qiqi said: "Living forever and waiting for the end." For scholars, poverty in life is a common thing, and people should hold on to it. Don't change their life principles easily just because they live in poverty, and just flatter themselves or feel sorry for themselves. As for death, everyone will face it. Yes, there is nothing to be afraid of. So, if we can understand this clearly, no matter how miserable life is, it will not matter, and people can still be happy every day. What's wrong with resting in peace of mind and waiting for the same result as everyone else? "Bending the arm will not hurt the rush", there is an idiom called "bending the arm and pillow", bend the arm and sleep on the pillow. "The Analects of Confucius Shuer" says that eating whole grains, drinking cold water, and bending your arms as a pillow is a very interesting life. Tao Yuanming said here that such a life "doesn't hurt Chong". How can it harm the "way of Chongxu"? The way to overcome the void, simply put, is the kind of indifferent and tranquil life. On the other hand, "Chong" and "Xu" are words that often appear in Taoism. It can be seen from this point that Master Dai is probably a person who studies Taoism and seeks immortality. Tao Yuanming wrote this harmonious poem to express his attitude towards life: time cycles repeatedly to infinity, but human life is limited. It will end, then we should "stay here and wait for it to end", face it calmly, and live with peace of mind. Even if you eat whole grains, drink cold water, and sleep with your arms pillowed, it is still a pleasure in life. There is no need to seek immortality or seek immortality. .
"Changes or dangers, no ambitions," the sun, moon and stars are constantly changing. Nature is like this, and so is life. In this constant migration and change, there will inevitably be smooth times and difficult times. The "or barbaric and dangerous" here means that it is barren or dangerous, sometimes it is smooth and sometimes it is difficult. Life is like this, it won't be smooth sailing. Then, "Which" is fine. As long as you can indulge your will and keep your mind free, then there is no such thing as "Lilong". What it means is that the mind should be free, and should not always think about wealth and immortality, otherwise the mind will be bound. Lilong, here is extended to mean "poor, noble and humble". As long as the mind is free and indulges in willfulness, then there is no need to be rich or poor.
So, in the end, Tao Yuanming said, "Things should be as high as possible." For these things, natural changes, life and death, poverty and wealth, etc., if there is a very wise and knowledgeable person, If we know each other, then, "Why should we sublime Song?" Why should we search for immortals? Why should we go to Huashan Mountain or Songshan Mountain to practice? Huashan Mountain and Songshan Mountain are places where people seek Taoism and practice Buddhism. These two sentences are the summary of the whole poem. Tao Yuanming (approximately 365-427), whose courtesy name was Yuanliang, also known as Mr. Wuliu, and whose private nickname was "Jingjie", was a poet, litterateur, and poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty in the early Song Dynasty. Essayist. Han nationality, a native of Chaisang, Xunyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He worked as a minor official for several years, then resigned and returned home to live in seclusion. Pastoral life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Related works include "Drinking", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "The Peach Blossom Spring", and "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu" , "Come Back and Come Back" and so on.
Tao Yuanming: The days of being an official are nothing like the days of being a governor. Receive guests happily, feed and warm your wife and children. Since arriving in Dongdu, it has become more comfortable. The branch office wins the governor, and the official wins the branch office. What's more, under the garden, I am happy to read it. Respecting the name is the same as old knowledge, and enjoying it is new knowledge. Visit us first if there is snow, but we will not meet you if there are no flowers. Dou Li makes wine, praises and recites poems. Thousands of people come and go in alleys, but five parts are separated from each other. Qi turned his head twice and opened his eyebrows. Leaves fall in the locust pavilion, and ice grows in the bamboo pavilion and pool. If the birds ask questions, the cranes will follow them in their cloaks. Both the body and the mind are sick, and the general's strength will be weakened.
Old age makes me forgetful, but I never forget my lovesickness. ——Tang Dynasty·Bai Juyi's "Occasionally Composed a Letter to Langzhi"
Occasionally Composed a Letter to Langzhi
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi Read more .
Receive guests happily, feed and warm your wife and children.
Since arriving in Dongdu, it has become more comfortable.
The branch office wins the governor, and the official wins the branch office.
What's more, under the garden, I am happy to listen to it.
Respecting the name is the same as old acquaintance, and enjoying it is new knowledge.
Visit us first when there is snow, but not when there are no flowers.
Dou Li and dry wine, and praise and recite poems.
Thousands of people come and go in alleys, but five parts of the capital are separated.
Qi turned his head twice and opened his eyebrows.
Leaves fall in the locust pavilion, and ice grows in the bamboo pavilion pool.
If a bird asks for information, a crane will follow him in his cloak.
Sickness of body and mind will lead to a decline in strength.
Old age makes me forgetful, but I never forget my lovesickness. ▲ To express feelings and emotions, I miss my friends, crow feathers, arrows, mountain mulberry bows, looking up to the sky and shooting down the reeds in their heads. Wearing linen, black and fat, we rush into the north wind, bringing wine and singing in the fields at night. A man's heart is not poor when he is poor, but he is angry with God when he is withered and prosperous. The cold wind has turned into spring willows again, and the strips are covered in smoke. ——Tang Dynasty·Li He's "Wild Song"
Wild Song Crow feathers, arrows, and mulberry bows on the mountain shoot down the reed in the sky.
The linen clothes are black and fat, blowing into the north wind, and they are singing in the fields with wine in the day and evening.
A man's heart is full of humiliation and poverty, and he is angry with God when he is withered and prosperous.
The cold wind turns into spring willows again, and the branches look like smoke. Narrative, expressive, unrecognized talent, resentful and heroic, everything is gone, and life is in the mirror. But with the snow on my temples, I will face the autumn wind tomorrow. ——Li Yi of the Tang Dynasty "Looking in the Mirror the Day Before the Beginning of Autumn"
Looking into the Mirror the Day Before the Beginning of Autumn Everything is outside the body, but life is in the mirror.
Only the snow on my temples will face the autumn wind tomorrow.
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