Author: Du Fu
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Shuxiang (1)
Where is the famous Prime Minister Temple? Deep in a pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call made him shoulder the national affairs [5], and he gave his heart to two generations [6].
But before he conquered, he was dead, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. [2]
Annotation translation editor
Sentence annotation
(1) Shu Xiang: the prime minister of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period, referring to Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming). There is a note under the poem: Zhuge Liang Temple is in the west of Zhaolie Temple.
⑵ Prime Minister's Temple: Zhuge Wuhou Temple, which was first built in Wuhou District, Chengdu.
⑶ Jinguan City: another name for Chengdu. Cypress (bǐ i) dense: cypress trees are lush and dense.
(4) Dye the steps with spring grass, and the orioles are empty (H m 40): These two sentences describe the scenery in the temple. Du Fu attached great importance to Zhuge Liang. He didn't come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery, but the words "self" and "emptiness" are affectionate. It means that the green grass reflects the steps, but it is spring scenery; The oriole leaves the leaf, but it makes a nice sound in the air. He has no intention of enjoying or listening. Because the people he worships can't see it anymore. Empty: white.
[5] The third summons aggravated him with state affairs: it means that Liu Bei attached importance to Zhuge Liang in order to unify the world. This is a compliment to the genius vision shown in the countermeasures. Frequent annoyance or "frequent", many times.
[6] The opening of the two dynasties: Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to create imperial industry, and then assisted Liu Chan. Dynasty: Liu Bei, Liu Chan and his son. Open: create. Economy: Help.
But before he conquered, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats (j: n): He died before he won the final victory, which often made the heroes of later generations cry. It refers to Zhuge Liang's many expeditions to attack Wei, but he failed to win. Shu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now southeast of Qishan, Shaanxi) in the 12th year (234). Set out: set out: send troops. The sentence in New College Chinese (Jinan University Press, 20 10 edition) is "and the heroes will cry on their coats from now on and die before their ambitions are rewarded". [3] [4-5]
Vernacular translation
Where can I find Shu Kong Xiangming Ancestral Hall? The pines and cypresses are green outside Chengdu.
The green grass reflects the court steps, and the air is full of spring scenery; Yellow through the thick leaves, in vain euphemistic songs.
Liu Bei, the first emperor, visited the thatched cottage, which led to the strategy of Longzhong, the plan of the world; Zhuge Lao Chen founded and defended the two dynasties, and finally devoted himself to the world.
Mr Zhuge, a famous man, died before his ambition was realized. Throughout the ages, heroes have shared weal and woe, remembering this and dyeing their skirts with tears. [6]
Poetry metrical editor
This is a seven-character metrical poem, and the metrical form belongs to the beginning of the first sentence. Rhyme is enough: to find the heart of Mori's voice, and to bet on the rhyme of "Twelve Invasions of Xiaping" (Pingping Rhyme).
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Creative background editing
According to Qiu Zhu, Shu Xiang was written by Du Fu in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760). In December of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), Du Fu ended his four-year exile in Qin Zhou and Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and, with the support of his friends, settled by Huanhua River in Chengdu. Chengdu used to be the capital of Shu and Han, and there is Zhuge Liang Temple in the northwest of the city, which is called Wuhou Temple. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Tang Suzong visited Zhuge Wuhou Temple and wrote this touching poem.
In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister. "Shu Xiang" means the prime minister of Shu Han. This poem entitled "Shu Xiang" was written by Zhuge Liang. Although Du Fu cherished the political ideal of "being a gentleman, being Yao and Shun", his career was bumpy and his ambition could not be displayed. When he wrote the poem Shuxiang, the Anshi rebellion had not subsided. He witnessed the country's crisis and the loss of life. He volunteered to serve the country and had no choice. Therefore, he admires and respects Zhuge Liang for creating a foundation and saving the current situation. [6]
Appreciation editor of works
Overall appreciation
This seven-melody book is elegant.
Zhuge Liang statue
It expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's wisdom and virtue and his unfulfilled feelings. Combining emotion, scenery and discussion in one furnace, it not only comments on history, but also contains reality, which can be called the swan song of Zhuge Liang's poems in past dynasties.
In classical poetry, questions and answers are often used to open sentences, highlighting the ups and downs of feelings. So is the first couplet of this poem. "Where is the famous prime minister's temple? In a pine forest near the Silk City. " Questions and answers have formed a strong emotional atmosphere from the beginning, covering the whole article. The last sentence, "Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple", hit the nail on the head, with a cordial and respectful meaning. "Where to find", ask without doubt, strengthen language potential, not where to find. Zhuge Liang was deeply loved by the people in history, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, where temples dedicated to him were easy to find. The beauty of the word "Xun" lies in its portrayal of the poet's persistent pursuit of sages and his long-term thinking of pious creation. The next sentence, "In a deep pine forest near Silk City", points out that the poet paid tribute to Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu. The cypress trees here are shaded, tall and dense, showing a quiet and solemn atmosphere. Cypress has a long life, never withers all year round, is tall and straight, has symbolic significance, and is often used as an ornamental tree in temples. The author grasps this scene of Wuhou Temple, showing the majestic, lush, vigorous and simple image characteristics of cypress, reminding people of Zhuge Liang's spirit and can't help but respect it. Next, what is displayed in front of readers is wormwood spring grass, which spreads under the stone steps and reflects a piece of green; A few orioles walked through the leaves of the forest and made a clear cry.
The second pair of couplets, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves", is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, which makes the spring scenery of Wuhou Temple infinitely beautiful. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenating the motherland is very slim. Thought of here, the poet inevitably has a sad feeling, so it is said that the intertextuality of "spring scenery" and "empty but good sound", "self" and "emptiness" describes a quiet and motionless environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, traded in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, which reflected the patriotic spirit of the poet concerned about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is more brilliant.
"The third call made him shoulder the national affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations." The third part is full of colors and highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. Before the last sentence was written, Liu Bei visited the Caotang, and Zhuge Liang took countermeasures, pointing out that Zhuge Liang could foresee the political situation in Wei Shuwu at that time and formulated a set of policies for Liu Bei's reunification of the country. It can be seen that Liu Bei is a great talent for saving the world. The latter sentence is about mountains. Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei create Shu Han, helped Liu Chan and praised his contribution to the country. Two sentences and fourteen words brought people to the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, and in a broad historical background, they portrayed the image of a saint who was loyal to the monarch and patriotic and helped the world. Memories of today. At this time, the Anshi Rebellion has not been settled, the country is divided and the people are displaced, which makes the poet worried. He longed for loyal subjects and sages to assist the country, rectify Gankun and restore the peaceful reunification of the country. It is this concern for the country that condenses into the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang; In this historical figure, the poet pinned his beautiful vision for the destiny of the country.
The last couple of the poem "died before they could conquer, and the heroes cried on their coats", lamenting the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's failure in the army when he died of illness. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's dying ambition is undoubtedly a hymn of life. He practiced the oath of "do my best and die before you die" with actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this ancient outstanding politician and produced the power to make people work hard.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which reflects the reality from the description of the scenery and reveals the poet's concern for the country and the people; The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven laws discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and shows readers an immortal Zhuge Liang. When patriots and ordinary readers of later generations recited this poem, they felt reverence for Zhuge Liang. Especially when I read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", I couldn't help crying.
In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative. [8-9]
Famous comments
Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Conghua: Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Yue: Mid-levels Old Man's Double Temple Poem says: "The north wind blows the trees urgently, and the window in the west is cool." Detailed taste, its meaning is far-reaching, not just chanting the scenery in the temple ... which won the syntax of Lao Du. For example, Lao Du wrote a poem about Shuxiang Temple: "Green grass, birds and flowers." I don't care about that either.
Lv Kuisui: Zimei lives in Jiannan, but she never forgets her fist in Wuhou. His "Mourning the Monument" wrote in "Wuhou Cloud": "He is the brother of Yi, Lu and others, and will surpass all the greatest politicians by then." And this poem, all praise Kong Ming.
Collection of Tang Poems: Liu Yun: The whole poem makes people cry. There is another cloud: this language has been left behind for thousands of years, which makes people feel very hurt.
Tang Poetry Aid: Xiaosan can cry when she is sad.
Wang Anshi said: On March 4th, I finally recited the Temple of Wuhou, which was intended to be among them. Dong Yi said: The second couplet only uses the words "zi" and "empty" to express infinite feelings. Wu Shanmin said: The second sentence is Ji Di. In the three or four generations, the shrine was left out in the cold, and the "plan of the world" saw its greatness, while the "heart of the old minister" saw its difficulty. The conclusion part leads to the discussion of Song people.
Du Yi: This is exactly in line with the poem of Zhuge Ming ... Gai is not only sorry for Zhuge, but also contains all the brilliant and lifeless heroes throughout the ages, with endless words and meanings.
"Seven Laws of Tang Dynasty": solemn and stirring, generous, nostalgic and affectionate, soaked in pen and ink. The conclusion sentence of nonsense originated from the Song people, who ignored it.
Du Shijie: Three, four, the green grass is like spring, the oriole has a good voice, and the word "self" and "empty" is very sad. ..... The words "no" and "first" in the seventh sentence are wonderful, but they seem to be unheard of by the restored veterans, and they speak for themselves. There were unfinished business that day, unfinished plans and unfinished hearts today.
"Don't pick up the gold in Tang poetry": the second half of the sentence is full of public feeling and simple brushwork. Song people specialize in this kind of knowledge, and they are discussion groups, which is tiring for the public.
Tang Poetry Express: Whoo! The poem is so touching that I believe that the sage's words of "Xing, Guan, Qun and Complain" are correct.
"Notes 9 on Du Fu's Poems": Zhao Yue: Sadness is greater than heart death. Guo Zhidayun: Min Qizhi is not satisfied.
Interpretation of Tang poetry: the first sentence rate.
Ji Yun: The first four sentences are sloppy, and the last four sentences suddenly become gloomy and full of energy. Zhao Xi: Shen Yu and Boda.
Du Fu's poems are detailed: "The Plan of the World", see Kuang Shixiong's bamboo slips: "The Heart of an Old Minister", and see the difficulty of serving the country. Only these two sentences are solemn, painful and sad, and there is spirit. Song Zongjian recited these two sentences when he died, and thousands of heroes felt the same way.
"Tang Poetry Piercing the Pearl": The word "Sensen" is full of energy.
Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties: Lao Du went to Shu and paid tribute to Kong Mingsan, and his ambition was here. Poetic heroic sorrow, countless folds, this is the ear of Li Shangyin's "Prepare Posts". The world has different opinions on these two poems, but there is no conclusion. In short, this is the work of visiting the shrine. The first half of it is very light. Kongming's identity was written in May and June, and it was rejected in July and August. Later generations at that time, with sadness, were interested in the second half. Shi Li's poems are full of excitement, so he wrote the spirit of Kong Wei Ming in fourteen words, which is very satisfactory. When he took the pen, he swept away his arrogance and stacked it five or six times, but he finally recovered his skill unless he had divine power. Second, it is not necessary to say that the poetry array is different, it is a strong enemy and has long ears to eat.
Tang Poetry: It covers the life of Wuhou, and it is wonderful. (under the sentence "three visits to the cottage, frequent troubles"). "Opening the Classics" is the statement of Kaiji Hui Mei, which accords with the words of the two dynasties.
Du Shi Jing Quan: Xiangyun, the youngest son: vigorous and powerful, this is the authentic seven laws. From the beginning to the end, my thoughts about my life achievements are only covered in four words (under the four sentences of "I am always worried about my humble abode"). Y: If you are really excited, eight poems will be worth a unique Daimonji.
Zhang Yun: The last four sentences are extremely open, sudden, gloomy and depressed. You have to read them in one breath before you can understand their meaning.
Notes on Master Wang Yuan's Tang Poems: Just write the word "where" and there is no one in the temple. "Look after three things" In the end, I was full of ambition.
Poems of Past Dynasties: The first four sentences hurt people's invisibility, and the last four sentences lament that achievements are unattainable and the deepest.
"Zhao Wei Zhan Yan": This is also a memorial monument. The first sentence describes the topic, three or four sentences describe the scenery, and the second half discusses the relationship. Everyone has the same thing, but no one is outstanding, outstanding, and pain is really pain.
"Reading Du Xin Jie": 56, real number, syntax like Kim Joo-sung, suitable for Wuhou, but also like melting gold ... There are countless poems in Wuhou Temple later, but it is necessary to list one thing as one sentence. At first, I believed that this poem was a complete poem, and the author was empty.
"Book of Modern Style in the Early Tang Dynasty": Chen Degong said: 56 is stable, and the knot is also sprinkled. Comments: In the third and fourth articles, I wrote about the ancestral temple. There are only two words in my mind: "self" and "emptiness", which is already sad. The solemn and deep image is different from desolation and disorder.
A Reading Book of Poems in Past Dynasties: Tragic and solemn, this is the authentic seven laws.
Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties: wuyue: It is right to be strict and dignified. But it has its own opening and closing, and it can't be straight (under the four sentences of "The Temple of the Prime Minister"). Wuyue: Turn rice into a collection and lift it with a pen. Therefore, it is extremely powerful.
Later generations influence editors.
There are two sentences at the end of this poem, which express the same feelings of frustrated heroes through the ages. Wang Yongzhen, the leader of Yong Zhen's innovation in Tang Dynasty and the national hero who resisted Jin Dynasty in Song Dynasty, both recited these two sentences angrily when their careers failed, indicating that the tragic beauty created by the ideological content and artistic skills of this poem can be called enduring. [3]
Yu Meiren Li Yu
When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon.
The jade carving should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward.
Enjoy 1
This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words.
Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect.
It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. But this famous masterpiece is unique in art:
Most of Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are beautiful, but the author sincerely hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible. The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner.
The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little stiff, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power.
It can be said that the reason why the word "Li" has caused a wide range of * * * sounds depends to a great extent on the fact that the sentence is full of infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes its melancholy thoughts vivid and abstract: the author has not clearly written the true connotation of his melancholy thoughts-he misses the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like an eastward flowing river", so that people can easily get some spiritual resonance from it and express themselves with it. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.
Appreciate II
As a "good wine, indifferent to politics" monarch, Li Yu failed; However, it was the subjugation of the country that made him the "Southern King" in the world of ancient ci (Shen Xiong's ancient and modern ci). As the saying goes, "the unfortunate poets of the country are lucky, and words begin to play a role in the vicissitudes of life." Young Beauty is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
This word depicts a strong yearning for the motherland and achieves an artistic effect that makes the gods cry. "Spring flowers and autumn moon", the things that most easily evoke people's beautiful associations, made Li Yu doubly annoyed. He really complained to the sky: when will the spring bloom and the autumn moon be full? Reading a word makes people curious. However, as long as we imagine the poet's situation, it is not difficult to understand: a monarch who is above the sword, these beautiful things will only make him feel sad and remind him of the good life in the past, and the comparison between the past and the present will only make him sad. Ask yourself, "How much do you know about the past?" "The past" refers to the good life when I was king in the past, but everything has disappeared and become illusory. The spring of nature has gone and come again, but why is the spring of life gone forever? "The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." The "East Wind" brings the message of spring, but it makes the poet sigh "I can't bear to look back" and "the voice of national subjugation is mourning for thinking", which is probably the only way. Let's imagine: in the dead of night, the moonlight is blowing gently, and the sleepless people trapped in the small building can't help looking from the railing, facing the direction of their homeland, how much sadness comes to mind. Who can stand this situation? The word "you" contains much helplessness and sadness! The east wind has entered again, indicating that the spring flowers and the autumn moon have not ended and will continue; And I still have to linger and suffer. "The old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month" is the inversion of "the old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month". "I can't bear to look back," but I did. Looking back, "the jade fence should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it." In my imagination, the mountains and rivers and the old palace of the old country are still there, but things are different and the mountains and rivers change hands; When I think about it, how much sadness and hatred are there. The word "just", with a sigh, conveys a sense of infinite regret.
The above six sentences are quite ingenious in structure. Several times, two-phase contrast and alternate sentences are used to echo, repeatedly emphasizing the cycle of nature and the fleeting life, which is full of philosophical meaning and deep feelings. One or two sentences compare the endless spring flowers and autumn moon with things that are gone forever in the world; A comparison between The East Wind Rises Again and The Old Country Can't Turn Back: A comparison between "should be maintained" and "change" in five or six sentences. The East Wind Rises Again and Should Still Be There echo Dang; I can't bear to look back and Zhu Yan has changed echoed the past. Such contrast and repetition vividly convey the ups and downs and worries of the poet's mind.
Finally, the poet was furious and became a famous sentence, "How worried can I be about you?" Like a river flowing eastward. "Using water as a metaphor for sorrow can be described as" the ancients came first, then the newcomers ". Liu Yuxi's Zhi Zhu Ci "Water infinite flow is like sorrow", and Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi Xicheng Liu Yang Nongchunrou" is like a spring river full of tears. These poems are either understated or straightforward, and they are not as touching as "A River Flowing East", so they are called "true sad words". Comparing melancholy to "a river of spring water" makes abstract emotions vivid and sensible. Sadness is like spring, overflowing and unrestrained; Another example is the spring water, which goes on day and night. Formally, the nine words are even and flat, which read like the ups and downs of spring water, and fully express the depth and strength of feelings in the rising flow. Ending with such expressive words greatly enhances the appeal of the work. When the pages are closed, the reader seems to be overwhelmed by this endless sadness.
The whole poem expresses the pain of national subjugation, with profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, exquisite structure and fresh language; Although the words are short, they are memorable. It is no wonder that Wang Guowei commented: "The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have no articles. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that after the Song Dynasty, there were only Li Houzhu's works, as well as Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " (The Story of the World was deleted by 40%) (Jiang Yayun)
Appreciation 3
This word was written by Li Yu after he was captured in Bianjing. At the beginning, when did the beautiful time of spring flowers and autumn moon end? Because when I saw the spring flowers and the autumn moon, countless past events came to my mind, and I thought of the beautiful days of enjoying the spring flowers and the autumn moon in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which was unbearable to look back, so I was afraid to see them. On the moonlit night when the east wind blows, life in Jinling's old country is hard to look back on. The carved jade fence in the palace there should still be there, but people's faces have become haggard because of sadness. If you want to ask how much sorrow there is, it is like an endless river flowing eastward. One river refers to the Yangtze River, which is in the same breath as the spring water of one river, and is combined with Jinling, the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty, by the Yangtze River, full of nostalgia for the old country. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Yi's "Memories" volume said: "My ancestors gave me the first gift, which was named after the Chinese Valentine's Day and the prostitute music. Emperor Taizong was furious when he heard about it. I also passed the sentence "The small building was easterly again last night" and "A river flows eastward", and sat down, which was unlucky. Wang Guowei's words on earth: "Nietzsche refers to all literature, and I love people who write in blood." The words of the late Lord are really so-called people written in blood. Song Daojun (Hui Zong) wrote a similar poem in Yanshan Pavilion. The Taoist monarch is nothing more than the sorrow of his own life, and then the Lord seems to have the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes. "Li Yu was poisoned, and he wrote the word. This is really written in blood. The so-called "there is a feeling that Sakyamuni and Christ are burdened with human sins", that is to say, words like Li Yu are not only about his personal sorrow, but also very general, which summarizes the painful feelings of all people who have the pain of national subjugation: they dare not see the spring flowers and the autumn moon and dare not think about the good life in the past. Another example is the beautiful scenery of the old country, which is unbearable to look back. The scenery of the old country is still carved with jade, but people's faces have changed because of sadness, and there are also changes in personnel and master-slave relationship. It's like comparing sadness to a spring river. The whole word reflects the feelings of people who have the pain of national subjugation and bears the emotional pain of all these people. This just shows that this word has a high degree of generality and representativeness and is an outstanding achievement of this word.
In Song Dynasty, Chen Yu wrote "Hidden Words": "Taibai (Li Bai) said," Oh, go and ask if this river flowing eastward can go further than the love of friends! . ("Nanjing Hotel Parting") Master Li of Jiangnan once said:' How much sorrow is like a river flowing eastward.' With a little melting, it feels wonderful. It is better to swim less (Qin Guan) and fall in love and worry like the sea (Millennium) than to come to the public (quasi) and say' sadness is like spring water' (Night Flower Niang). Here I would like to comment on the word "a river flowing eastward" as a metaphor for sadness. Li Bai's poems are about love, which can be compared with East Running Water. The poem was written in Jinling, and the east flowing water refers to the Yangtze River. Li Yu's ci was written when Bianjing was imprisoned. He couldn't see the Yangtze River, which became a part of his nostalgia for his old country. Therefore, Li Bai's poems are compared to the scenery in front of him, and Li Yu's poems are compared to the Yangtze River which is far away from him. There is a feeling of missing the old country in this metaphor, and the feelings are deeper. In addition, the image of "One Jiang Xiangdong Stream" is more vivid than "East Stream". Also, "flowing east" is shorter than "boring", and "flowing east" is endless. This is the difference between the two, which shows that the pain of Li Yu's old country is deeper, not "slightly melted". Kou Zhun's words: "Looking at Tingzhou at dusk is as tender as water." This is comparing tenderness to spring water. This tenderness also refers to another meaning, which, like Li Bai's sentence, can be said to imitate Li Bai's meaning. "Like spring water" can't be compared with Li Yu's ci. Qin Guan's words: "Spring goes and spring comes, and it is as red as the sea." It's about the emotional parting of "taking off your coat", plus the damage to spring, and the haggard of "Zhu Yan changed in the mirror", plus "falling in love with 10 thousand points", which is really a famous sentence. Li Yu's ci is about the pain of national subjugation, which is deeper than the feeling of parting. He also wrote Zhu Yan has changed, which is combined with the pain of national subjugation. In addition, the imagery in A River Flows East is vivid and magnificent, which is beyond the comparison of Qin Guan's ci. (Tian Deyi)
See the boundless ocean
Author: Cao Cao
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
To annotate ...
(1) Pro: Boarding is sightseeing.
Jié stone: The name of the mountain. Jieshi Mountain is now Jieshi Mountain in Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province. In the autumn of 207 AD, Cao Cao passed by when he was collecting Wu Huan.
(3) Cang: Tong "Cang", turquoise.
(4) Sea: Bohai Sea
(5) H: What?
(6) dàn dàn: the way of water wave sloshing.
(7) s ǒ ng zhi: stand upright. Hair, hair and height.
(8) Bleak: The sound of vegetation being blown by the autumn wind.
(9) Hong Bo: Surging waves
(10) Sun and Moon: Sun and Moon
(1 1) If: Like it. I think so.
(12) xinghan: galaxy.
(13) Lucky: Lucky.
(14) is extremely extreme.
(15) to: Very,
(16) Not bad, Lian: I'm so glad.
(17) Chant: Singing.
(18) chanting: that is, expressing one's mind.
Ambition: ideal
(20) Sing with ambition: express your thoughts or ideals with poetry.
The last two sentences are not directly related to the text of this poem, but a way of ending Yuefu poetry.
translate
Climb Jieshi Mountain to the east, and you can feel the sea.
How vast the sea is, and the mountain island stands high on the seaside.
Trees and herbs are clustered together and are very lush.
The autumn wind blows the trees and makes a sad sound, and the sea is rough.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean.
Fortunately, let's use poetry to express our thoughts.
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Seeing the sea was added by later generations, and it was originally the first chapter out of Xiamen. Walking out of Xiamen, also known as Longxi West, belongs to Xiangruge tonal song in Han Yuefu. "Xiamen" was originally the city gate at the western end of Luoyang city. The Han Dynasty was called Xiamen, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties was called Great Xiamen. There are only two ancient words: "People in the city are easy, and the tomb of a thousand years old is flat" (see Shan Li's note in Selected Works). Yuefu Poems also records the old saying "Go astray and stay empty", a story about how to become an immortal. This article by Cao Cao, Records of Le Shu in the Song Dynasty, is listed as a Daqu with the title Jieshi Stepping out of Xiamen. Judging from the content of the poem, it has nothing to do with the meaning of the topic, so it can be seen that it is just writing current affairs through ancient inscriptions. The poem begins with the word "Yan" (overture) and is divided into four chapters (chapters): watching the sea, winter in October, strange land and longevity of turtles. As in 207 AD (the 12th year of Jian 'an), Wu Huan was on his way home from the Northern Expedition.
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Judging from the genre of poetry, this is an ancient poem; In terms of expression, this is a lyric poem about the scenery. The words "Jieshi is in the east, looking at the sea" point out the positioning of "looking at the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. The word "Guan" plays a leading role in the whole article, which embodies the characteristics of this poem's open artistic conception and vigorous momentum.
The first four lines describe the scene of the sea, which is dynamic and quiet. For example, "autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough" and "what is the water like" describe dynamic scenery, while "trees are full of vegetation" and "mountains and islands are full of scenery" describe static scenery.
Guan Canghai is selected from Yuefu Poetry, which is the first chapter of Yuefu Poetry Out of Xiamen.
"The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is flourishing, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the plane of the sea. These four sentences are related to the boundless universe, showing the momentum and strength of the sea to the readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky, and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a cliche in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem. Also pointed out that this was sung by Yuefu.