I. Original text
Don Dumu
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Second, translation.
Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of waterside villages.
There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
Third, the creative background
In the spring of the seventh year of Daiwa in Tang Wenzong (833), Du Mu wrote this poem on his way from Xuanzhou to Yangzhou to visit Huainan. Du Mu lived in the late Tang Dynasty, where the princes were divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and the cronies fought. During Tang Xianzong's administration, he weakened the power of the buffer region, revived the authority of the imperial court, and made some achievements, so he thought he had made immortal achievements, believed in immortals and buddhas, and sought immortality.
Successive Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong, etc. all preached Buddhism as usual, the number of monks and nuns kept rising, and the temple economy kept developing, which greatly weakened the power of the government and increased the burden of the country.
When Du Mu came to Jiangnan at this time, he couldn't help but think of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the piety of the Liang Dynasty, which eventually came to nothing. He does not seek immortality, but he harms the country and the people. He wrote this poem, which is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a euphemism for the rulers of the Tang Dynasty.
Poetry appreciation:
I. Appreciation
This poem depicts the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, reproduces the misty balcony scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and makes the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River magical and confusing. At the same time, it is permeated with the poet's feelings about the rise and fall of history and his worries about the fate of the nation in the late Tang Dynasty.
The four sentences are all scenery words. There are many images and scenery, including plants and animals, which are vivid and colorful. The scenery is divided into far and near, and the combination of dynamic and static has its own characteristics. The whole poem depicts a vivid, colorful and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with light words and extremely generalized language. The artistic conception is deep and beautiful, and the emotion is subtle and profound, which has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
Second, the theme of poetry
There are different opinions about the theme of this poem, whether to borrow the ancient to satirize the present. Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic.
Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer.