Qinyuan Spring·Snow
Mao Zedong
The scenery of the North is covered with ice for thousands of miles and snow drifting for thousands of miles.
Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, there is nothing but vastness; the river up and down suddenly stops flowing.
Silver snakes dance in the mountains, and they are like wax figures, hoping to compete with the gods.
On a sunny day, the red makeup looks particularly enchanting.
The country is so beautiful,
it attracts countless heroes to bow down.
I regret that Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of Han were slightly less talented in literature; Emperor Zong of Tang and Song Dynasty were slightly less elegant.
The genius of the generation, Genghis Khan, only knew how to bend a bow and shoot at giant eagles.
It’s all gone, let’s count the famous people, but let’s look at the present.
Appreciation
This is one of the most well-known poems by Comrade Mao Zedong. During the negotiations in Chongqing in 1945, it was made public and immediately caused a sensation across the country, becoming a grand event in the history of Chinese poetry.
The first part of the poem describes the snowy scene in the north in broad strokes; the second part is full of discussion, commenting on ancient and modern figures. The top and bottom blend together to form a perfect artistic whole, showing the extraordinary spiritual world of a great revolutionary.
The three sentences "Northern Country..." are an extraordinary starting point. "Thousands of miles of ice" gives people a sense of depth, and "thousands of miles of snow" gives people a sense of vastness. This is used to describe the scenery of the North, which is magnificent and accurate. Then the word "wang" is used to lead to Wencheng, river, mountain and original number words. "Inside and outside the Great Wall" means from south to north, and "up and down the river" means from west to east, up, down, inside and outside, which summarizes the entire north. The river is the birthplace of the Chinese nation; the Great Wall is the symbol of the majestic creativity of the Chinese nation. Writing about northern China with the Great Wall and big rivers can not help but show the natural landscape of northern China, as well as the cultural landscape of the entire China, thus giving readers a deep sense of history that will win the hearts of the people. On this basis, it is more logical to comment on ancient and modern Chinese figures. This description lays a solid foundation for the discussion below. Mangmang refers to the vast and uniform northern wilderness covered with heavy snow. "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return" (Li Bai's "Jiangjinjiu"). This big river that is difficult to tie up suddenly loses its surging state, which shows the suddenness, strength and power of the snow. , fierce. The heavy snow in the north is falling suddenly from all directions, which is very exciting. Therefore, these words and sentences are not only objective descriptions of the northern snow scenery, but also erupt the poet's passion when viewing the scenery. Comrade Mao Zedong was in northern Shaanxi at that time. Northern Shaanxi, Eastern Longxi, and southern Ningxia, that is, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, have unique topography. There are a large number of hills here. On the mountain plain, the hills are one after another. They are neither big nor high. When you climb up and look into the distance, you will see countless hills rolling up and down on all sides, connecting with the sky. Therefore, on a day covered with heavy snow, we can feel that "silver snakes are dancing in the mountains, wax statues are racing, and they want to compete with the gods." Although Qilu, Jiyu and other places are also in the north, they cannot see this kind of wonder. What I write here is my real impression when I visited the university on the northern Shaanxi Plateau. Only this place has this scene, only this scene has this word. It cannot be changed anywhere else, this is the pen of chemical engineering. The mountains were originally lifeless and still. Due to the heavy snowfall in the sky, the poet was excited and appeared to be "galloping" and "dancing". Just like the previous sentence, this is not only a vivid reproduction of the objective scenery of Dezhen, but also an image expression of the poet's mood. It can be called a wonderful stroke of lyrical poetry. "Silver Snake", "Dance", "Wax Figure" and "Chi" not only express the sense of light and color, but also accurately express the texture. The snow is shining, so it is called "silver snake"; the snow is heavy, so it is called "wax statue". These descriptions show the poet's meticulous observation of nature, which cannot be compared with general remarks. The "epiphany" of the scenery expressed in this poem allows people to see the light and shadow of life in nature, so it still moves thousands of readers to this day.
The three sentences "It must be sunny" are the outlook for the future. The poet started writing after the snow, imagining that the sun would shine on the earth after the sky cleared, and the mountains and rivers of the motherland would be like wearing red clothes and wrapped in plain gauze. The contrast between red and white is particularly gorgeous and fascinating. This sentence echoes the "Northern Scenery" at the beginning of the chapter, and also triggers the next film.
Predecessors said: "The change at the beginning of a word is called a change. The meaning of the word must be broken but still continued, combined but still divided; if the front is empty, the back will be real, and if the front is real, the back will be empty. Excessive change is the turning point between the virtual and the real. " (Qing Dynasty, Shen Xianglong's "Essays on Ci") The ending of the first film is written "The sun must be clear", which is false, but it is changed from false to true. The first film depicts the majesty of the motherland, so the second film naturally introduces countless heroes competing to "bow down" to her. The seven sentences starting with the word "Cherish" use five figures who have made great achievements in Chinese history, including Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Song Taizu, and Genghis Khan, as representatives of "countless heroes", saying that they are competing to express their gratitude to the motherland. Magnificent rivers and mountains "bend". It is a pity that some of them are "slightly less talented", some are "slightly less charming", and some "only know how to bend the bow and shoot the big eagle". They do not know how to fully express their love for the motherland, so they cannot make the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland Completely satisfactory. At the end of the film, the mountains and rivers of the motherland are personified and compared to a gorgeous and beautiful woman; the words "so beautiful" also compare the beautiful rivers and mountains to a beautiful woman. The second part of the film expresses the love for the motherland. It inherits the traditional writing method in Chinese national literature since Chu Sao. Readers who are familiar with traditional literature will not find it difficult to understand. The love between men and women is one of the most primitive, purest, and most passionate emotions among human beings. It will lead to people's most pure, selfless, and complete dedication.
Therefore, it is the common meaning of poets to express their love for truth, career, and motherland with the feelings of men and women. In his "Coal in the Furnace - Emotions of Missing the Motherland", the new poet Guo Moruo once compared the motherland to "my young girl" and repeatedly chanted: "I am burning like this for my beloved!" Knowing this, it is easier to understand the artistic characteristics and artistic charm of this great poem "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
"It's all over, let's count the famous people, but let's look at the present." To conclude with this, it means that only today's generation of heroes can fully satisfy the Duojiao country. Comparing the "slightly defeated", "slightly inferior" and "only knowledgeable" of many heroic figures in history, the poet naturally expressed more expectations for the "modern" "romantic figures", hoping that they would be more literary and good at martial arts. , is a person with both civil and military skills and comprehensive development. This is a call to a new generation. "You don't praise the king when you meet others, he is also crazy, chivalrous and gentle" (Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai" in the Qing Dynasty). For centuries, people of insight at home and abroad have been eagerly anticipating the emergence of a new generation. An important sign of a newcomer in their mind is that they can develop in an all-round way both in terms of career and personal temperament. An important part of the communist ideal is to cultivate talents with all-round development. The Chairman's words will inspire and inspire new generations to constantly improve themselves, surpass their predecessors, and move towards newer and higher goals.
“With a first-class embrace and first-class knowledge, there will be first-class true poetry” (Qing Dynasty. Shen Deqian’s "The Best Words of Poetry"). The chairman's words express his extraordinary embrace and extraordinary knowledge. He has a different concept of time and space than ordinary people. In this poem, he looks at the present and the past, his eyes reach thousands of miles, he drives the mountains and plains, he wants to compete with the gods, he looks down at the heroes, and he pays attention to the famous figures of the day. They are all very human beings, and ordinary people can talk about them.
“The ancients often praised snow by chance” (Shen Deqian’s "The Best Sayings of Poetry"), but the chairman seems to have a special interest in "snow". It is often seen in poems, such as "The sky is full of snow" White, the feeling of marching in the snow is even more urgent", "Where to go on this trip? The wind and snow in southern Jiangxi" (reduced word Mulan Hua "Guangchang Road"), "I love the thousands of miles of snow in Minshan" ("The Long March"), " "Flying snow welcomes the arrival of spring" (Bu Suanzi. Yong Mei), "Plum blossoms are filled with joy and snow fills the sky" ("Winter Clouds") and so on. This article is titled "Snow" and has a dedicated chapter dedicated to it. This is by no means accidental, nor is it entirely due to the author's personal life experience.
Ice and snow are symbols of purity. "Zhuangzi. Xiaoyaoyou": "On the mountain of Miaogushe, there is a god and man living there. His skin is like ice and snow, and he is as graceful as a virgin." Chen Jiang, the general manager of the Southern Dynasties, wrote in his poem "Revisiting Qixia Temple Again": "Be quiet and embrace the ice and snow." Later generations described the character as pure and pure, including Bingqingyujie, Binghunxuepo, Bingxinshuangqing, Zhigubingshuang, Qingxiuxuebai, etc., and called washing the spirit of bathing in snow. The chairman's love for snow reflects his spiritual world from one aspect. Throughout his life, he pursued a high degree of purity towards others and himself. He asked people to be "pure people" and demanded that the organization and guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China maintain a high degree of moral purity. These all reflect the chairman's personal embrace.
"Qinyuan Spring Snow" is a display of Mao Zedong's spiritual world. In his high-spirited creative passion, the poet revealed some aspects of his spiritual depth that are difficult to see. The predecessors described the spiritual world of an ancient man as bright and majestic. The Mao Zedong shown in this poem can be said to be close to it.