(A) closely linked to the "poem (word)", the whole article.
As the saying goes, the eyes are the windows to the soul. In a poem or a word, there is often a key sentence or keyword, which plays a very important role for readers to understand the structural context of the whole article or the theme of the work. This is the poetic eye. For example, the word "no return" in the slanting wind and drizzle in Fishing Songs, the word "sorrow" in "Sleeping on the Maple Bridge" by Zhang Ji, and the word "joy" in Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night ... If we can guide students to grasp and experience these poems in the teaching of ancient poetry,
For example, when teaching "Recalling Jiangnan", I grasped the word "recalling" to teach:
(1) "What do you mean? (Miss)
(2) What does the poet remember? "(because Jiangnan is good)
(3) Where is Jiangnan "good"? (fortunately, the scenery was once familiar! )
(4) What kind of good scenery? Read the sentence "Sunrise makes the river redder than fire, and spring makes the river greener than blue". While reading, imagine the scenery described in the poem and describe it in beautiful language.
(5) From this, we can understand the poet's feelings.
The above five questions are progressive step by step, and students can easily have a comprehensive understanding of the artistic conception, thoughts and feelings of the whole poem through reading aloud and the clever guidance of the teacher.
(2) Use imagination and association to break through the analysis difficulties.
In actual teaching, due to knowledge and accumulation, students often don't understand the artistic conception of poetry deeply enough, and they don't speak specifically enough, which becomes the difficulty of poetry teaching. In the usual classroom teaching, we can also use a variety of methods to cooperate, such as prose description, illustration and fun, music and so on. Guide students to develop rich imagination, enter the artistic conception of poetry, taste rich feelings and gain strong aesthetic experience according to the images contained in the text, and truly achieve the effect of cultivating sentiment and purifying the soul.
For example, in the teaching of Memorizing Jiangnan, students can't understand the sentence "Flowers on the river are brighter than the sunrise fire, and the riverside is as green as blue". Most of them can only be understood as: "when the sun comes out, the flowers on the river are redder than fire;" Green rivers are greener than blue grass. " But in fact, in the poet's eyes, Jiangnan in spring is colorful, far richer than the students described. However, how can we make students speak rich? At this time, it is particularly important to promote the guidance of students' imagination.
So, I use the courseware to play the guzheng music in line with the artistic conception of this poem, and use the prose description method-let the students imagine themselves as the author, close their eyes while listening and imagine themselves walking and watching by the river, and show the fill-in-the-blank questions to guide the students to describe: Facing the spring breeze of (), I walked along the river. At first, the scenery was beautiful. You see, that () is () ... Jiangnan is really ()! With specific imagination guidance, students' taste in artistic conception has also been enriched at once.
Or we can use the characteristics of the unity of poetry and painting in ancient poetry to guide students to paint for the artistic conception of ancient poetry. For example, when Mr. Dou Guimei was teaching the word "village residence", he asked, "People often say,' There is a picture in a poem, and there is a poem in a picture'". After reading it, what pictures appeared in front of you? "
In addition, it is also important to stimulate students' association. Association is mainly to guide students to use their knowledge to taste the artistic conception, which is helpful to improve students' enthusiasm for learning ancient poetry and master the methods of self-learning ancient poetry. For example, teaching Du Fu's poem "Mud Melts and Swallows Fly" can make students contact Zheng Zhenduo's article "Swallow" to imagine their taste; Teaching the sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" in "Boating in Guazhou" allows students to describe the artistic conception of this sentence with their previously accumulated poems or kind words describing spring; In the teaching of Qiao Qi, "Look at the blue sky on Tanabata tonight and lead the cowherd and weaver girl across the river bridge." In two sentences, we can let students relate the stories they have read about the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl with the poems written by other poets, and realize that it is not easy for the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl to meet ... With the existing knowledge base, the difficulties in learning will naturally be solved.
(3) Reading experience to deepen memory.
The ancients said that "seven laws and three readings". The reason why reading aloud is so important to the study of ancient poetry is that ancient poetry has the beauty of language, rhythm, phonology and artistic conception. These will not be appreciated by students only by the teacher's explanation. It is common to read the last 10 times in 40 minutes in the classroom teaching of ancient poetry. Dou Guimei, a famous special-grade teacher, had instructed students to read more than 20 times in class when teaching "Not Worth Going to the Garden".
Such as: "Recalling Jiangnan" teaching clips:
Teacher: You are the poet Bai Juyi. With the poet's deep yearning for the people of Jiangnan, read.
Health: (reading) Can you not remember Jiangnan?
Teacher: What else can a poet forget?
Health: Poets can't forget Jiangnan people.
Teacher: Read this word again with our feelings.
Student: Read aloud with emotion.
Teacher: After the poet wrote down the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan that he once knew, he closed the whole poem with the feeling that he could not forget Jiangnan. But can this sentence not remember Jiangnan? But it reminded him of his infinite nostalgia for Jiangnan, so he wrote two more songs.
Show:
one
Jiang Nanyi, the most memorable is Hangzhou. Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you revisit?
Secondly,
Jiang Nanyi, followed by Wu Gong. Wu Yi cup of spring bamboo leaves, Wu Wa dance lotus drunk. We will meet again sooner or later.
Students are free to read, under the guidance of the teacher, to find the similarities and differences of these three words, and to further understand the epigraph of Yi Jiangnan. )
Teacher: From these two sentences, what do you see the poet remember about Jiangnan?
Health: I will never forget Hangzhou. I will walk in Lingyin Temple and Tianzhu Temple, looking for osmanthus falling from the moon.
Health: I will never forget the surging tide of Qiantang River.
Teacher: Look for laurel trees in Yuezhongshan Temple, and watch the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion.
Health: Unforgettable Jiangnan wine and beauty.
Teacher: Wu Jiu drinks a cup of spring bamboo leaves, and Wu Wa dances with Lotus and gets drunk.
Health: The poet can't forget the events in Jiangnan.
Health: This is the poet's deep affection for Jiangnan.
Teacher: A Jiangnan complex! Writing on the blackboard (feeling). The students reread "Recalling Jiangnan" with the poet's unforgettable feelings for Jiangnan.
Student: Read together.
Teacher: "The ancients sang and sang!" Poetry needs music and images. But its touching artistic charm lies not only in melodious voice, but also in expressing feelings with voice: not only in picturesque scenery, but also in expressing feelings through scenery. The teacher brought the song "Back to Jiangnan", please listen carefully:
(Play Jiangnan music and listen to singing)
Teacher: What do you hear from this melodious song?
Health: The poet walked through the south of the Yangtze River and missed every place.
Health: I saw the spring of "work at sunrise and rest at sunset"
Health: The poet thought, Why should I get sick? Otherwise, it would be great to live in Jiangnan forever.
Teacher: Please read this word aloud and convey your feelings by reading it aloud.
Health: Reading. (Applause)
Health: I heard the poet's love and deep nostalgia for Jiangnan.
Teacher: Please read these three words to integrate your feelings.
Interactive reading between teachers and students (the teacher reads one sentence and the students repeat the last three sentences, which constitutes a reading similar to a duet, full of charm)
When the music started, teachers and students sang along with the melody, enjoying the beauty of words, music and Jiangnan.
Teacher: Who can recite it?
Health: Raise your hands and carry your backs one by one.
Teacher: All the students who can recite stand up and face the teacher who is listening, and convey the feelings in this word to every teacher present.
Health: Everybody stand up and stand back.
Teacher: Classmates, ancient poetry is a treasure in China's literature and art and a wonderful flower in the history of literature. I hope that the students of Wuxi Tianyi Experimental Primary School will be "temperament blue" under the influence of reading classic poems.