Chinese review materials for the third grade of junior high school (literary knowledge)
Ancient prose genre:
The words inscribed on objects in ancient times to warn oneself or describe merits are called " Ming". For example, "Inscription on the Humble Room" (Liu Yuxi)
Notes are a form of prose that describes what you have seen and heard. The scope of materials is extremely wide. It can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record local customs and customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, record major events in a country, and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The writing style is relaxed, the descriptions are vivid, and the descriptions are detailed, giving people rich social knowledge and a sense of beauty. "The Story of Yueyang Tower" (Fan Zhongyan), "The Drunkard Pavilion" (Ouyang Xiu), "The Story of Xiaoshitan" (Liu Zongyuan)
Preface In ancient times, each farewell was preceded by a collection of poems and prose. It's called a gift order. "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" (Song Lian)
A general term for a class of articles describing ancient discussions. It is not much different from "theory", so it is later collectively referred to as argumentative essays. "Ma Shuo" (Han Yu)
It represents an ancient style of writing to the emperor to express love and affairs. "Chu Shi Biao" (Zhuge Liang)
A type of ancient letter. "Book of Thanks to Zhongshu" (Tao Hongjing)
China:
(1) Spring and Autumn Period
1. Confucius's name was Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and he was from the state of Lu, Zou A native of Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province), he was a thinker, educator, and founder of the Confucian school. He was later called a "sage". The Analects of Confucius is a collection of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, with 20 chapters in total. It is a quotation-style prose. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty compiled it into the "Four Books" together with "Mencius", "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean". After the Ming Dynasty, it became a required reading for the imperial examination.
The "Five Classics" include: "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn"
2. "The Book of Songs" is the earliest collection of poems in my country, including There are 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, also called "Three Hundred Poems", which are divided into three parts: "wind", "elegance" and "song". Wind is also called "national style", which is a ballad from various places. The Six Meanings of the Book of Songs: "Wind", "Elegance", "Ode", "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing"
The first poem in "The Book of Songs" is "Guan Ju"
3 , "Zuo Zhuan" is said to be written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the State of Lu. It is a chronicle history book, a literary masterpiece and a historical masterpiece. It is also called "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period". The "Lun Zhan of Cao GUI" records the Battle of Changshao. situation.
(2) Warring States Period
1. Mencius, whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu. A native of Zoucheng (now Zoucheng, Shandong Province). He is the second disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. Confucian masters after Confucius. "Confucius and Mencius" are collectively known as "Ya Sheng", and people respect him as "Ya Sheng". He advocates the implementation of benevolent government and has the people-oriented thought of "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the king is the least".
"Mencius" was written by Mencius and his disciples. There are 7 chapters in existence. Texts "Many helpers are gained when the Tao is gained, but few are given when the leader is lost" "Born from sorrow, listed in peace and happiness" "Fish is what I want"
2. Mozi's name is Zhai. It is said that he was a native of the Song Dynasty and lived in the Lu State for a long time. , the founder of the Mohist school during the Warring States Period
"Mozi" is a collection of Mozi's words and deeds by Mozi's disciples and his subsequent disciples. There are 53 chapters in existence, and the text "Gongshu" was studied
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