Outside the window, the spring rain in Jiangnan is continuous. In the distance, colorful neon lights are flashing on high buildings, and there are pop music in karaoke nearby. I sat alone in my study, like an island in the sea of Wang Yang, burning the midnight oil to read Yue Fei 800 years ago. I read Yue Fei's calligraphy "Teacher's Example" before and after Zhuge Liang. Where is the famous Premier Temple? Many years ago, I was destined to go to Chengdu, Sichuan. Just walked in from Du Fu's poem "Book of Scholarship" and was in a daze in the cloister of Wuhou Temple. There are two huge blue stone tablets embedded in the wall of the cloister, which are carved with Zhuge Liang's "model". I read a lot of inscriptions on weekdays, and it is this side that interests me most. The vigorous cursive script gushed from a tube of eight thousand miles of clouds and a pen in Lingyun Moon, and surged from a hero's fierce ambition to clean up the old mountains and rivers from scratch. Bashan and Chushui are too heavy. I can't take the inscription home, but I can only hide it in my heart. A few years later, I made a special trip to Liuyang, Tan Sitong's hometown, and actually bought the newly published Book of Yue Fei in Liuyang Bookstore. Tan Sitong was a strange man in the last days of feudalism, and Yue Fei was a gentleman in history. What happened to me was providence? I'm glad my long-cherished wish came true in time. Tonight, outside the window is a drizzly spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River. I didn't go to the railing. After reading the postscript of Yue Fei's book A Model, I said, "Shaoxing is looking forward to May, May, Autumn and August, crossing Nanyang, visiting Wuhou Temple and staying in the temple in case of rain. Holding the candle deeper, I couldn't help crying when I looked at the two tables of Mr. Wen Ci, Shi Fu and the stone carvings in front of the temple praised by the former sages on the wall. It's night, but I can't sleep. I sat still. After the Taoist priest offered tea, he made paper to ask for words, waved his eyes and wrote, regardless of his merits, to relieve his depressed ears. " Ears rang with the rain that Yue Fei heard in Nanyang Wuhou Temple 800 years ago, and in front of him was the red candle lit when Yue Fei couldn't sleep at night. Yue Fei, visiting Wuhou Temple, burst into tears, waiting for Dan, but writing with tears. Isn't this a profound understanding, communication and excitement in his spiritual personality? One, when he was a teenager, his mother stabbed him in the back with the advice of "serving the country faithfully"; One, in the critical autumn, made a confession of "dedicating his life to history and the whole life". Although it is different from generation to generation, it is a call between one soul who cares about the country and the people and another soul who cares about the country and the people, and it is a distant induction between a noble heart and another noble heart. Eight hundred years later, on this spring night, I listened to the rainy night in the south of the Yangtze River, with the sonorous and singing of the heroic duet. Later, Lu You, who was in the same era as Yue Fei, also praised the Model: "A teacher shows his real world, who can compare it in a thousand years." (Book Fury) "When you start, you can start studying now and now, and you can observe more carefully at midnight." The specific reference of the Classic of Diseases may be too far away from us. I carefully read the story of Yue Fei in the middle of the night today, and he is still very close to us. On one occasion, Yue Fei talked about chaos with a group of scholars. Some people have suggested that "there are many people in the world, and I don't know when it will be peaceful." Yue Fei's famous answer has been passed down from generation to generation, and it is still shocking today: "As long as civil servants don't love money, military commanders are not afraid of death, and the world is naturally peaceful!" In today's world, Qian Chao is advancing, and it wants to get higher and higher. Don't all sentient beings respect God of Wealth far more than all other gods? Yue Fei visited the altar and held a high position, but his salary was still very frugal, and the whole family was still full of coarse grains. He still shares weal and woe with the foot soldiers, whether in peacetime or in wartime. In this way, Yue Fei's troops are truly invincible, and even the strong enemies are helplessly exclaiming that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family army"! Today, when people's desires and materialistic desires cross-flow, the hinterland is still hungry, but some people in hotels treat public funds like dirt. Outside the window, it's raining tonight. In the stormy waves of commodity frenzy and modern red dust, I once again read Yue Fei 800 years ago at night. I read the backbone of people's pride, the lofty national integrity and the historical monument.
This article was written by the author after Reading Yue Fei at night in the waves of commodity frenzy and rolling red dust. The author puts Yue Fei, a historical figure, into the current era for investigation, and draws the conclusion that reading Yue Fei means "reading people's pride, national integrity and the lofty monument of history". Read this article carefully, see where the author's conclusion comes from, and it's good to comment on this conclusion.
An observer. Zhuge Liang sat alone in his study, reading Yue Fei's calligraphy in the evening, thinking of the past, and had infinite respect for these two ancient people, especially Yue Fei, who was loyal to his country. This is the "feeling" and its theme of reading Yue Fei at night. "Wen Xin Diao Shen Long Si" said: "Wen Zhi Si is also far away." The author pondered under the lamp, and the stories and works of famous people in literature and history, as well as his own experience of visiting the former site of famous people, all emerged in front of him and wrote them out; He described the scenery, narrated the past, expressed his admiration for Yue Fei, and talked about the truth that the world is peaceful. The functions of description, narration, lyricism and discussion in his prose have been brought into full play. Structurally, feelings are closely related to events, and meaning and context echo from beginning to end, which is quite compact. Wen Xin Diao Long discusses eight styles of writing, including "elegance" ("blending classics") and "showing attachment" ("speaking frankly and keeping your mind straight"); Reading Yue Fei at night is an elegant, vivid, awe-inspiring and helpful essay.
Second, look at the meaning of things. Reading Yue Fei's theme at night, such as people, things, things, and related feelings and reasons, all correspond to its theme. Yue Fei is the protagonist of this article, and things related to him, such as the calligraphy An Example and its postscript, such as the mother-in-law's tattoo, such as the epigram about the current situation, "As long as civil servants don't love money, military officers are not afraid of death, the world is naturally peaceful", but the author Li chose them as the "bone marrow" of this article (Wen Xin Diao Long says "righteousness is bone marrow" and "bone marrow" is the second in this article. The author bought a book of Yue Fei in a bookstore in Liuyang, Hunan, Tan Sitong's hometown, which is the reading of Reading Yue Fei at Night. Tan sitong died for his country, just like Yue Fei, so he is also an important supporting role worthy of being included in this paper. In this paper, the general description of "the world of mortals is rolling" and "Qian Chao is moving to make waves to hit the sky" is intended to criticize the current social reality by comparing with Yue Fei's honesty and frugality.
Three views and speech. "Wen Xin Diao Long Supplement" said: "Love is God, righteousness is bone marrow, words are skin, and palace merchants are voices." Liu Xie attaches great importance to proper, organic and novel language use. On the premise of "emotion is not false, and words are not overkill", Liu Xie advocates the exquisite beauty of words (see "emotion"). Beautiful words and brilliant colors are inseparable from metaphor, exaggeration, antithesis and allusions. It is these that Wen Xin's bi xing, exaggeration, Li Ci and Shi Lei discussed.
The most obvious metaphor for reading Yue Fei at night appears in the first paragraph: On the night of spring rain, the author "sits alone in his study, just like an island in the sea of Wang Yang", which is really a gentleman's admiration. Other metaphors, such as "Pop Music Karaoke is rampant and trendy", "Qian Chao is shaking the earth and shaking the sky", and "commodity frenzy is surging on the shore", are all exaggerated metaphors. Metaphor can make works lively, vivid and interesting, which is the expression of the author's imagination. Aristotle in ancient Greece said that metaphor is rare and that creating metaphor is a sign of genius. Sheila Laszki said in her recently published book The Art of Poetry that metaphor is "the fireworks of poetry", which is beautiful! This is the same as what poets and critics in ancient and modern China have seen. Chen Xun, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Is it self-evident that literary works are also good?" Metaphor is used in poetry and literature. N5 }9？ 7 S. a7 Z' p" i
The antithetical sentence and the near-antithetical sentence are: "Qian Chao moved to another place, hoping to fight for the sky." "Tan Sitong is a strange man in the last days of feudalism, and Yue Fei is a gentleman in history". "One, when he was a teenager, his mother stabbed him in the back with the advice of' loyalty to the country'; One, in the autumn of critical survival, made a confession of' doing my best, dying' to history and ordinary people. " "The mainland is still starving, but some people in restaurants and hotels regard public funds as dirt." The antithesis sentence comes from the "Li Ci" article, saying that "the nature is successful, and the support must be double; The truth of "God makes sense, but things are not isolated". Duality makes meaning and words neat and symmetrical, forming a climate, and parallelism is more imposing. Reading Yue Fei at night ends with "what I read is the proud backbone of human beings, the lofty integrity of the nation and the majestic monument of history", which can reinforce and endorse the sentence "Yue Fei is a gentleman who will be famous forever".
9 u' f4 [3 p" D，c2 j & amp`
Generally speaking, ancient poetry appeals to both refined and popular tastes; A few words can achieve the purpose of quoting previous sentences and stories. Modern works, especially prose, are limited in space, so using allusions and things often becomes quoting famous sentences of predecessors and telling their stories. Reading Yue Fei at night is like this. There are many ancient poems mentioned in this paper, including Zhuge Liang's Watch of a Teacher, Du Fu's Book of Letters, Lu You's Anger, and Disease. The stories told by the ancients are mainly the cautionary words of Yue Fei's "not loving money" and "not afraid of death" when discussing the current situation with literati. This article quotes many poems and sentences. Are there any brackets? The former is like: "do your best and die"; "The name of the teacher is real, who is better than the Millennium"; "Make the past serve the present, look carefully at midnight"; "As long as civil servants do not love money, officers are not afraid of death, and the world is naturally peaceful"; "It is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family army"; And a template of Yue Fei's postscript of nearly 100 words. The quotation marks without brackets are as follows: "Where is the Hall of Fame"; "Rain break"; Tears like rain, waiting for Dan, and writing with tears. A large number of poems, especially poems, are the characteristics of Li's prose, and their gains and losses will be discussed below. Li uses various rhetorical devices such as metaphor, exaggeration, antithesis and quotation to make his works colorful. There is a sentence in this paper, which mixes the above methods, and its characteristics are as follows:' {6H6p "B9O5`+V&; |) _
The vigorous cursive script gushed from a tube of eight thousand miles of clouds and a pen in Lingyun Moon, and surged from a hero's fierce ambition to clean up the old mountains and rivers from scratch. * P ' K)P/})s)Z " r # G2 Z
This is a generalized antithesis sentence, needless to say. "Spray" and "surge" belong to exaggeration, and "Lingyun sword pen" belongs to metaphor and exaggeration, which is almost meaningless. Eight Thousand Miles of Clouds and the Moon, Cleaning Up the Old Mountains and Rivers from the beginning and Being Strong (the original of Yue Fei's Manjianghong) are quoted without brackets. 0s L9 @-S & amp； D7 K) P
Businessmen in Siguan Palace. Palace merchants are musical, and the musicality of poetry is easy to explain because of the restriction of meter. Prose is not easy. Prose's "prose" is opposite to parallel prose's "parallel prose", and the sentences in prose are different in length and rhythm. Prose with elegant style is uneven, with its dual style and four-character idiom style; Li's prose belongs to this category, and Reading Yue Fei at Night is an example. Although modern prose varies in length, it is not a quatrain or metrical poem with only a few dozen words. It takes a lot of time and energy to discuss its tone, rhyme and rhythm carefully. As far as prose is concerned, it seems unnecessary to make a detailed analysis of palace merchants. Critics at home and abroad, no matter how they advocate "close reading", rarely make a word-for-word musical investigation of prose. The end of the article is very important, and it is often the author's special intention. There are "rain" and "tide" in the first and second paragraphs of Reading Yue Fei at Night. The last paragraph reproduces the image of the first paragraph, and its structure is like the "restatement" of the first chapter in the last chapter of sonata form. This can be said to be a musicality of reading Yue Fei at night. At the end of the article, the parallelism sentence "I read the pride backbone of the people, the lofty integrity of the nation and the towering monument of history" is of course meaningful. At the end of the sentence, the words "Liang", "Qi" and "Monument" are flat, uneven and restrained. However, this is only the author's interpretation. Whether the author deliberately designed the tone like this depends on his "self-discipline".
Five views are strange and positive, and six views are changeable. These two views will be explained later.