As a member of China, the upper class of Qing Dynasty, he overthrew the altar and became the sick man of East Asia, which was laughed at by the world.
In the dangerous situation of stormy weather, including landlords, farmers, bourgeoisie, etc. They made extremely hard and long introspection and exploration, but they failed in the end.
Compared with the old peasant uprising and the improvement of the landlord class, the bourgeoisie, whether it is a top-down improvement or a bottom-up revolution, is a brand-new way of social change. In particular, the success of the great powers in the bourgeois revolution set a precedent for Qiang Bing, a rich country. Capitalism is the mainstream of social development, which makes people feel that the Qing Dynasty saved the rule.
Judging from the successful cases of Britain, Japan and Russia, if the Qing Dynasty carried out its own reforms and implemented a constitutional monarchy, it could at least prolong its life span, not to mention thousands of generations.
But in reality, what did the Qing Dynasty do after the Boxer Rebellion? Prepare for constitutionalism? Work. It's also bigger than? Trouble? The reform movement of 1898 was more comprehensive. The royal cabinet? With the emergence of Han bureaucrats, the Qing government fell into an unprecedented isolation and tried to overthrow the Revolution of 1911 19 1 1.
The question is, why did Britain's Japan and Russia become? Constitutional monarchy? , but not in the Qing dynasty. Shi believes that there are the following reasons.
1, want power because of fear.
Constitutional monarchy? Its essence is the result of compromise between the old forces and the bourgeoisie. As the representative of the old forces, the monarch must transfer most of his real power to the bourgeoisie, which is regarded as the head of state in the name of the monarch and provides all the expenses needed for daily expenses.
Then, two people live in peace, and the world is at peace.
Therefore, the Qing dynasty wanted to successfully implement the constitutional monarchy. First of all, we must master decentralization. But this was unimaginable and unacceptable to the rulers of Qing Dynasty, represented by the Western Empress Dowager.
After the great powers succeeded to the throne, especially after the national disaster, the Qing government became a small court of the great powers. Apart from the great powers, Cixi kept her promise and was not good at words.
Power not only makes people crazy, but also makes people selfish. For the Manchu rulers represented by Cixi, those who want to seize power are more terrible than taking their lives. Because they have lost their strength, they have nothing and will definitely die.
Compared with the traditional Han dynasty, the status of ethnic minorities as Manchu rulers is not only their oppression of their ancestors? Sin? In addition to calculating, he is also destined to stand in the forefront of Han people in all walks of life.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, the bourgeoisie gradually turned to the bourgeois revolution. In order to mobilize more people, they used the slogan of various massacres launched in Shanhaiguan before the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan to incite the Han people to incite the Manchu rulers and their subordinate Mongolians to hold a deep hatred, which plunged the Manchu and Mongolian high-level officials into terror.