Confucius said, "It's better to learn than to speak (yuè). Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know and don't care, aren't they gentlemen? Study and study
Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to learn knowledge and often review your lessons? Isn't it a pleasure to have friends coming from afar? " Don't annoy people who don't know themselves. Isn't he a moral gentleman? "
To annotate ...
(1) Zi: In ancient China, it was a title of respect for people with status and knowledge, sometimes called men. "Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius.
(2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
(3) Time habit: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "time" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius. "Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.
(4) Say: the sound of yuè means joy, joy and joy.
(5) Have friends: There is a book called Friends and Friends. The old note said, "friends of the same school", that is, friends studying under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people.
(6) Music: different from talking. The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside.
(7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know. Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding. People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves.
(8) Yan: Anger, resentment.
Zeng Zi said, "I am unfaithful to others in three provinces (xǐng)? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " Study and study
Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it honest to associate with friends? Have I reviewed the knowledge taught by the teacher? "
To annotate ...
(1): Zeng Zi was born in 505 BC, and his surname was Zeng (pronounced shēn). He was born in the state of Lu, and he is a descendant of the nobles in the mountain country who were destroyed by the state of Lu. Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.
(2) Three provinces: province, inspection xǐng inspection. There are several explanations in the three provinces: first, three inspections; The second is to check from three aspects; The third is to check many times. In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times.
(3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty. We should do our best here.
(4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere. Believe in honesty. People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people.
(5) Pass on without learning: Pass on, and the old note says, "Master Pass on. The teacher taught himself Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on.
Confucius said: Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher.
Confucius said: read the classics extensively, review what you have learned, and then gain new insights from them, and strive to absorb new knowledge in order to achieve mastery. At this level, you can call it a teacher.
In this chapter, there are two solutions to "review the past and learn the new". One is "review the past and learn the new": review what you have heard and gain new insights from it; The second is to "review the past and learn the new": on the one hand, we should review the stories of laws and regulations, on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge.
I think it may be more complete to combine these two solutions: within my ability, read the classics as widely as possible, think over their meanings repeatedly, and review what I have heard regularly to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era. It can be called "reviewing the past and knowing the new", blending the old and the new, and blending the ancient and the present.
Some scholars believe that it is not appropriate to review the past and learn the new, because literally, only absorbing ancient and modern knowledge without understanding experience is like a buyer and seller of knowledge, not a teacher. So let's look at the meaning of "teacher" first. There is a word "teacher" in chapter 14 of The Analects of Confucius, which means the same as today's teacher.
Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." Engage in politics
Confucius said: "reading without thinking will confuse you;" It is harmful to (yourself) to dream without reading. "
Confucius said, "Why not teach your daughter to read? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " Engage in politics
Confucius said, "So, teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is smart. "
Knowledge point: "female" means "you": you
It means "knowledge" and "wisdom": intelligence and wisdom. (Other knowledge remains unchanged)
The meaning of teaching: teaching, imparting.
Hu means: phonetic auxiliary words.
Cause: refers to Confucius' student secondary cause.
Confucius said, "If you don't do it, you will be introspective."
Confucius said, "When you meet a wise man, you should look up to him. When you see an immoral person, you should reflect on whether you have similar problems with him. "
Confucius said, "For a threesome, there must be a teacher; Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " Schul
Confucius said, "There are several people traveling together, and someone can be my teacher. I will choose their strengths to study and see that I have their shortcomings, and I will correct them. "
Ceng Zi said: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Isn't it far after death? " (Zi Han)
Ceng Zi said: "A scholar must be broad-minded and firm-willed, because he shoulders a great mission and has a long way to go. Isn't it great to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Until he dies, isn't it far? "
Confucius said, "Cold tells the decline of pine and cypress."
Confucius said, "Only in the cold winter do we know that pine and cypress trees are the last to lose their leaves."
Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life without saying a word?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " Wei Linggong.
Zi Gong asked, "Is there a sentence that can be followed for a lifetime?" Confucius said: "That is probably forgiveness (Tao)! Don't impose what you hate on others. "
See the boundless ocean
Cao Cao
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
Where there is water, mountains and islands are towering.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out.
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
Fortunately, I sing my ambition.
Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Bai Juyi (Tang)
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the lack of eastward travel of the lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana.
Wang Wan, the author of "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain".
Castle Peak, my boat and I, along the green water.
Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.
I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.
Tian Jingsha Qiu Si, Ma Zhiyuan
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.