Appreciation of ancient poems by the poet Liu Zongyuan 1
"Snow on the River"
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Thousands of mountains with birds flying across thousands of paths The traces of people disappear.
A man with a coir raincoat hat fishing alone in a boat in the snow in the cold river.
Appreciation:
Liu Zongyuan’s landscape poems have a distinctive feature, that is, the objective realm is relatively secluded, while the poet’s subjective mood appears relatively lonely, even lonely. Sometimes it is too lonely, too deserted, without any human atmosphere. This song "Snow on the River" is exactly like this. The poet only used twenty words to describe a quiet and cold picture: On the river covered with heavy snow, there is a small boat and an old fisherman, alone in the middle of the cold river. fishing.
What the poet shows readers is the following: the world between heaven and earth is so pure and silent, spotless and silent; the life of the fisherman is so noble, and the character of the fisherman is so aloof. In fact, this is a fantasy realm created by Liu Zongyuan out of his hatred of the Tang Dynasty society, which was declining day by day. Compared with the characters in Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring", this is probably even more illusory and far away from the world. What the poet wants to describe in detail is extremely simple. It is just a small boat and an old fisherman wearing a raincoat and a hat, fishing on the snowy river, that's all. However, in order to highlight the main object of description, the poet did not hesitate to use half of the page to describe its background, and made the background as broad and broad as possible, almost to the extent of being boundless. The broader the background, the more prominent the main subject of description will be. First of all, the poet uses the words "thousands of mountains" and "ten thousand paths" to set off the images of "lonely boat" and "solitary fishing" in the following two sentences. Without the words "thousand" and "ten thousand", the words "lone" and "lone" below would be bland and have no appeal. Secondly, the birds flying on the mountains and the traces of people on the road are originally very common things and the most general images. However, the poet put them under "thousands of mountains" and "ten thousand paths", and added the words "absolute" and "extinction", which gave the most common and general dynamics at once. It turned into extreme silence, absolute silence, forming an unusual scene.
Therefore, the following two sentences were originally static descriptions, but because they were placed against this absolutely quiet and silent background, they appeared exquisite and translucent, alive, floating and active on the screen. Get up. It can also be said that the first two sentences are originally a distant view. According to the general understanding, it only needs to outline an outline, and there is no need to spend a lot of effort to carve it carefully. However, the poet happens not to handle it this way. It's like shooting a movie, using a close-up lens that is magnified many times to explain and reflect every corner of the background clearly. The more specific and detailed the writing, the more general and exaggerated it appears. In the last two sentences, the poet originally intended to highlight the object of description, but in the end, he used a long-distance lens to shrink it many times, giving the reader an ethereal, transparent, visible but inaccessible feeling. Only by writing in this way can we express the aloof and aloof thoughts and feelings that the author is eager to show readers, free from the secular and transcendent. As for the formation of this long-distance feeling, it is mainly caused by the author placing the word "snow" at the end of the whole poem and connecting it with the word "jiang".
In this poem, the thing that covers everything and encompasses everything is snow. There is snow on the mountains and on the roads. Moreover, "thousands of mountains" and "ten thousand paths" are all snow, which makes "birds fly" "Extinct", "The traces of people are extinct". Even the boat awning and the fisherman's coir raincoat were of course covered with snow. However, the author does not clearly connect these scenery with "snow". On the contrary, in this picture, there is only Jiang, only Jiang Xin. Of course, the river will not store snow or be covered by snow, and even if snow falls into the river, it will immediately turn into water. However, the author chose to use the three words "Hanjiang Snow" to link the two most distant images of "Jiang" and "Snow" together, which gave people a feeling of being relatively empty, distant and relatively distant. The feeling of zooming out, which creates a long-distance shot. This makes the main objects described in the poem more concentrated, clever and prominent. Because even the river seems to be full of snow, and even the places where there is no snow are full of snow, this completely describes the situation of heavy, dense, thick and thick snow, and makes the water and sky irrespective of each other. The vast atmosphere above and below is also completely highlighted.
As for the use of the word "cold" above, it is certainly to point out the climate; but the poet's subjective intention is to quietly write about the spiritual world of the fisherman. Just imagine, in such a cold and silent environment, the old fisherman was not afraid of the cold weather or the heavy snow. He forgot about everything and concentrated on fishing. Although his body was lonely, his character seemed aloof and aloof, even a little awe-inspiring and inviolable. This transformed and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of Liu Zongyuan's own thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the three characters "Hanjiang Snow" are the "finishing touch". It organically connects the two parts of the whole poem, not only forming a condensed and summarized picture, but also shaping the fisherman's complete and outstanding character. image.
Use specific and meticulous techniques to describe the background, and use distant images to describe the main images; meticulous craftsmanship and extreme exaggeration are intricately unified in one poem, which is the essence of this landscape poem. The unique artistic characteristics of poetry.
Appreciation of Ancient Poetry 2 by the poet Liu Zongyuan
"Occasionally Composed in the Summer Day"
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Nanzhou is as drunk as wine in the hot summer, and it is almost as if it is a deep sleep before heading to the north. lattice window.
At noon, I slept alone without any sound, and the mountain boy knocked on the tea mortar across the bamboo.
Appreciation:
This poem was written in the seventh year of Yuanhe. It is written quietly and elegantly, with a strong flavor of life. The writing is implicit and has rich connotations.
Located in Yongzhou in the South, it is indeed very hot in midsummer, especially during the day. The first sentence of the poem uses a combination of straightforwardness and detailed description to explain the climate characteristics of summer: "Shu" is both humid and sultry, which is very different from the north. "Drunk like wine" vividly describes people's unbearable state of summer heat. Due to the high humidity and high temperature, it is natural to feel depressed, exhausted, tired, lazy, and sleepy. This sentence has great tension, and the narrative, lyricism and emotion all come from this.
The next three sentences describe the leisure life of the poet Xia Zhou.
The second sentence closely follows the previous line and forms a causal relationship with the first sentence. It was hard to stop the summer heat, so I opened the north window to let in the slightest bit of coolness. I was so sleepy that I leaned on a few desks and fell asleep soundly, and slept soundly and for a long time. Here, although there is no flourishing silk and bamboo orchestral music, nor is there any music that can be drunk or chanted, it is wonderful to be able to feel refreshed and relaxed! Three or four sentences describe the poet waking up at noon, and everything was silent. He could only hear the sound of children from the mountain village knocking on the tea mortar on the other side of the bamboo forest. Tranquility, as a kind of existence, must have an appropriate form of expression. The commonly used form is to use sound to express tranquility. For example, Wang's book "Enter Ruoye Stream": "The noisy forest becomes quieter, and the bird singing mountain becomes more secluded." The opposite poles set off each other, showing a natural landscape of movement in stillness and stillness in movement. In this poem, sound is used to write silence, which brings out the extraordinarily quiet environment at noon in summer, thus slightly revealing an opportunity for ethereal and vividness in an extremely remote and lonely state.
The poet writes about leisurely life and quiet state of mind, which reflects the spiritual sustenance he pursues in the midst of heavy depression. His talents were slandered, he was isolated, and he was demoted for a long time. Now, good horses are kept in stables, and tigers are imprisoned in cages. Therefore, he yearns for a leisurely life. This difficulty of the poet is often distorted by some literati and painters, such as the five unique works of "Snow on the River". Some later painters often used the scenes in the poem as the theme to paint "Fishing on the Snow on the Cold River", depicting the fishermen. Life is portrayed as leisurely and ecstatic, which is completely contrary to social reality. In this regard, Sun Chengzong of the Ming Dynasty once wrote a poem "Fishermen" to refute the verdict: "It's freezing, but my hands are not wet when I carry the pole, and the boat is full of cold moon and snow. The painter doesn't know the hardships of the fishermen, so he likes to make pictures of snow fishing on the cold river." It's really reasonable. It is said that I am deeply convinced. Appreciation of the ancient poems of the poet Liu Zongyuan 3
"Climbing the Liuzhou City Tower and sending four consecutive seals to Zhangting"
Author: Liu Zongyuan
The high buildings on the city are connected to the wilderness, and the sea and the sky are full of sorrow. Zheng Mang.
The turbulent wind blows through the hibiscus water. The dense rain penetrated Xili wall obliquely.
The mountains and trees cover thousands of miles of sight, and the river flows like nine ileum.
When *** came to Baiyue Tattoo Place, it was like a place where music and writing were stagnant.
Notes:
1. Hibiscus: refers to lotus.
2. Xili: a creeping plant, also called magnolia.
3. Baiyue: Baiyue refers to the ethnic minority areas south of Wuling at that time.
4. Tattoo: In ancient times, ethnic minorities in the south had the custom of tattooing patterns on their bodies.
Translation:
The tall buildings on Liuzhou City are connected to the wilderness;
Our melancholy is like the vast sea and sky, infinitely broad.
Strong winds violently ruffled the hibiscus on the water;
The heavy rain poured down, hitting the earthen walls covered with hibiscus.
There are many trees on the ridge, blocking the distant sight;
The Liujiang River is winding and winding, like a sad intestine with hundreds of knots.
The five of us were demoted at the same time and went to the land of Baiyue Tattoo;
Now we still have no communication, and we are each stranded in one place.
Appreciation:
Liu Zongyuan, Han Tai, Han Ye, Chen Qian, and Liu Yuxi were all demoted for participating in the Yongzhen Reform Movement led by Wang Shuwen. Later, all five were recalled. Although some among the ministers advocated their appointment, due to obstruction, they were demoted to the position of governor of Bianzhou again. This poem was written at this time. They have the same fate and are closely related, so the poem shows a kind of sincere friendship. Although they are far apart, they can't suppress the pain of lovesickness. The first couplet of the poem first writes about Liuzhou, and then it says that the places where the four of them live are borderlands. The couplets describe the scenery of Liuzhou in summer, describe the scenery, and report the local climate. The neck couplet describes the distant view, the diligence of looking at each other, the pain of missing each other, and blends the feelings into the scenery. The last couplet describes the fate of the five people. They are on opposite sides of the world, and the music and writing have been stagnant for a long time.
This lyric poem has comparisons in the poems, excitement in the images, and a blend of scenes, which is very moving.