design instruction
The party and the country set Teacher's Day in September when new students start school 10. Teachers' notes are arranged in Shandong textbook at this time, which shows the influence of our national tradition of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching. According to the teaching objectives, taking into account students' cognitive characteristics, through two hours of study, all students are fully mobilized to participate. On the basis of autonomous learning, students' reading ability in classical Chinese is cultivated by using free reading recitation competitions and reading cards in classical Chinese, and their sense of classical Chinese language is enhanced. On the basis of accurately understanding the ideological content of the article and the author's attitude, they can feel the rich connotation of traditional culture and accumulate cultural knowledge. To further improve students' Chinese literacy, Han Yu's view of "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" is compared with the requirements of modern society for teachers, so as to understand the differences in ideological understanding brought about by the development of the times and improve students' awareness of autonomous learning.
Teaching objectives
1. Cognitive goal: to understand Han Yu's literary thoughts, the "ancient prose movement" he advocated and Han Yu's important literary works; Learn to accumulate and master polysemous words such as "Chuan", "Shi" and "Cong", as well as the conative usage of some nouns and adjectives.
2. Skill goal: Appreciate that this article uses positive and negative comparative arguments and repeated arguments to strengthen persuasiveness.
3. Emotional goal: to understand the role of teachers, the importance of learning from teachers and the correct learning attitude discussed in this paper; Scientifically understand the author's feudal thoughts reflected in this paper, so as to gradually cultivate the ability to criticize and inherit ancient cultural heritage.
Teaching time
Two class hours
teaching process
first kind
Teaching focus:
Introduce the author and solve the problem.
2. Orthographic pronunciation
3. Understand the meaning and usage of the main function words in classical Chinese.
4. Try to translate difficult sentences and recite the text.
Second lesson
Teaching focus:
1. Compare the use of demonstration technology
2. Language features of this article
Teaching process:
? 1. Graphic demonstration of structure
Learn the text
The application of (1) comparative argument.
The comparative argument of the article focuses on the second paragraph. In this passage, the author criticizes and satirizes the foolish behavior of scholar-officials who despise learning from teachers through three levels of comparison.
The first layer compares "sages of past dynasties" with "modern people" (ordinary literati). The author points out that the reason why saints become saints and "people" are more stupid lies in the fact that the former is not complacent and humbly asks for advice, while the latter does not know it and is not ashamed of being a teacher.
The second contrast is "love your son, choose a teacher to teach him;" If you are in your body, you will be ashamed of your teacher. " The author points out that this is a kind of stupid behavior that sees the small but doesn't see the big, "the legacy of primary school" and loves his son but doesn't love himself, so he laughs and says, "confused." "I didn't see it clearly. "
The third layer is compared with the "gentleman" (scholar-bureaucrat) who is ashamed to be a teacher. The author affirmed the former's attitude, exposed and mocked the latter's fallacies and heresies against learning from the teacher, and pointed out that those intellectuals who looked down on "the skill of a witch doctor musician" (as far as learning from the teacher is concerned) were not as good as those they looked down on, which had a strong irony.
After three comparisons, those who oppose learning from teachers are speechless, which makes those who are ashamed to learn from teachers look ridiculous, and achieves the purpose of criticizing the current disadvantages and making people think. When the article makes a comparison, it uses the technique of arranging brush strokes, which not only makes the comparison very clear, but also makes the article look very imposing and emotional, thus strengthening the effect of the discussion and fully revealing the author's dissatisfaction and contempt for the scholar-officials who are ashamed to follow the teacher.
(2) The language features of this article.
(1) parallelism antithesis. Han Yu's prose is famous for its majestic and bold brushwork, which is reflected in its multi-purpose parallelism and antithesis. His style is also fully reflected in this article. For example, "Born before me …" "Born after me …" "Ancient saints …" "People today …". The combination of this sentence pattern is neat, imposing and expressive.
② Julian's sentence. Julian, also known as top truth and re-election, means that the last word of the previous sentence is the beginning of the next sentence, and the first place is connected, which is "vivid as a pearl". There are many such sentences in the text, such as the first few sentences: "Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? I'm confused and don't learn from the teacher ... "The use of this sentence pattern strengthens the connection between sentences, making the discussion closely linked and closely related to the theme.
③ Rich tone expression. Rich tone expression can enhance the vividness of the article, and this paper has done very successfully in this respect. If we use modal particles such as "Hehu" and "Alas" to strengthen the sigh, use descriptive sentences such as "He is similar to previous years, and the road is similar" to vividly describe the attitude of the literati, and use restrictive sentences such as "Just like that" to express the conclusion. In the second paragraph of the article, three groups of comparisons are used to reveal the rashness of "being ashamed to follow the teacher". The conclusion is the same, but the tone is different. "That's why saints are holy and fools are stupid" is an interrogative tone; "I left a legacy in primary school and didn't see it clearly" is the tone of judgment; "Witch doctor is a skilled musician, and the gentleman is dismissive. Today, its wisdom is beyond reach and it can be blamed. " This is an exclamation tone. This complicated statement makes the discussion more vivid and the reasoning more profound.
3. Homework: Discuss how to treat the view that "disciples need not be inferior to teachers, and teachers need not be superior to disciples" today.
4. Blackboard design
Yi Duan
issue
A general discussion on the necessity of learning from teachers and the criteria for selecting teachers.
Central argument: ancient scholars must have teachers (no expensive, no cheap, no long, no little, the existence of Tao, the existence of teachers)
Second, criticize the bad social atmosphere that the scholar-officials were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time.
Argument: The teacher's teaching has been passed on for too long, too difficult and incomprehensible.
Third, use specific facts to further clarify who can be a teacher.
Sub-argument: saints are impermanent teachers
Fourth, explain the reasons for writing this article.
Conclusion: Call for reverse learning.
1. unlimited time; 2. You can take the ancient road. Take care of the above two points
Teaching reflection
As one of the representative works of Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, Shi Shuo demonstrates the necessity and principles of learning from teachers. We study this article today, mainly to understand the role of teachers, the significance of learning from teachers and the reason that capable people can be teachers; Learn the writing skills of pros and cons, and explain the problem thoroughly with comparative methods; Accumulate real function words in classical Chinese. The key point is to understand the role of teachers, the significance of learning from teachers and the truth of being a teacher; Learn the pros and cons, use comparative methods, and thoroughly explain the writing skills of the problem.
This article is argumentative, with strong realistic pertinence and excellent views. In this argumentative essay, the author affirmed the nature and function of being a teacher, the importance and correct way of learning from the teacher, criticized the prevailing bad customs at that time, and carried forward the social atmosphere of being willing to learn from the teacher. In this paper, the functions and functions of teachers are properly summarized with the words "pass the message to solve doubts", which was a great progress at that time. His thoughts of "nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is good, nothing is short, what the Tao can hold, what the teacher can hold" and "disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to teachers, that's all" shine with the glory of democratic progress, which is a brand-new teaching concept. Nowadays, young people often come faster than teachers in accepting new knowledge and mastering new skills, so in some ways, "disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers" is true. Young people are less bound by traditional ideas when accepting new world trends, especially advanced ideas with world significance, so it can be said that "teachers don't have to be superior." We should establish a new concept of "taking teachers as teachers", respect each learner's unique cognitive style and characteristics, teach students in accordance with their aptitude based on their spontaneous wishes, and fully implement the spirit of quality education. As the English proverb says, "A mentor is better than thousands of books".