& lt Tang dynasty > Zhang Ji?
Frosty night,
Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire. ?
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu,
The midnight bell arrived at the passenger ship. ?
2. The solitary smoke in the desert comes from "Chuangguan Fortress"?
& lt Tang > Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
A night berth near Fengqiao.
translate
The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is cold. They sleep sadly on the maple trees and fishing fires by the river.
In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Gusu City, the bell ringing at midnight reached the passenger ship.
To annotate ...
Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou.
Berthing at night: To dock a ship at night.
Wuti: Speaking of crows, it is Wuti Town.
Frost all over the sky: frost can't cover the sky, and the word "frost" should be understood as severe cold; Frost is the image language of extremely cold air.
Jiang Feng: Generally interpreted as "the maple tree by the river", Jiang refers to Wusong River, which originates from Taihu Lake, flows through Shanghai and flows into the Yangtze River, commonly known as Suzhou River. Some people think it refers to "Jiangcun Bridge" and "Qiao Feng Bridge". "Qiao Feng" is located in the western suburb (Liuhe Gate) outside the south gate of Wuxian County. Its real name is "Qiao Feng", but it was changed to "Qiao Feng" because of this poem by Zhang Ji.
Fishing fire: generally speaking, "fishing fire" is the lamp on the fishing boat; Some people say that "fishing fire" is actually a fishing partner.
Worried about sleeping: the meaning of worrying about sleeping, this sentence personifies the words Jiang Feng and Yu Huo. However, people who don't understand poetry in later generations doubt how Jiang Feng can sleep on fire, so he attached a sentence saying that sleep on sorrow is the name of the mountain opposite Hanshan Temple.
Gusu: Suzhou is another name, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city.
Hanshan Temple: Near Qiao Feng, it was built in the Southern Liang Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after Hanshan, a monk who lived here in the Tang Dynasty. In Xifengqiao Town, Suzhou today. The real name is Miaoliping Pagoda, also known as Qiao Feng Temple; Another way of saying it, "Cold Mountain" refers to Cold Mountain, not the name of the temple. The temple has been rebuilt several times and is now newly built after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The temple bell was transported away by the Japanese army during World War II, and its whereabouts are unknown.
Midnight bell: Today's Buddhist temples ring bells in the middle of the night (Spring Festival), but they used to ring bells in the middle of the night, which is also called "impermanent bell" or "minute". Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, once questioned: "Poets are so greedy for good sentences that it doesn't make sense. This is a problem in writing articles, such as Zhang Ji's poem "The Midnight Bell Knocks on a Passenger Ship". Although the sentence is good, is it reasonable to ring the bell at midnight? " However, after many people's field visits, I learned that Buddhist temples in Suzhou and surrounding areas have the custom of knocking at midnight.
Climb to the top
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I want to go to the border crossing by bike, and the country I pass by has passed my residence.
Thousands of miles of cornices also floated out of Sai Han, and the geese heading north soared in the sky.
Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset on the endless Yellow River is round.
When you meet detective knight in Xiaoguan, tell me that Duhu is already in Yanran.
To annotate ...
(1) sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
(2) Bicycle: one car, few vehicles, which is easy to describe here. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
(3) Attribution country: There are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".
(4) Signing Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, and this is the poet's metaphor.
5. Returning to the wild goose: The wild goose is a migratory bird that flies north in spring and south in autumn. This refers to the geese flying north. Hu Tian: The airspace of the Hu people. This refers to the northern part occupied by Tang Jun.
[6] Desert: Great desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "And at dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Six Classics": When Tang Zhen waited for the wind, the rate was thirty miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of safety. "
(7) Long River: refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.
Xiaoguan: It was called Guguan in ancient times, also known as Longshan Pass, located in the southeast of Guyuan City, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
(9) Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main officials are called Duhu, and each government sends a guard and two deputies to take charge of all the affairs in this area. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: Ran Yan, which is today's Mount Hang 'ai in Mongolia. Dou Xianbei defeated the Huns in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded his achievements with a stone record at this moment. Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty: Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Later, I climbed Mount Yanran, climbed more than 3,000 miles, carved stones and made meritorious deeds, studied under Han Wade, and wrote an inscription for Ban Gu." This represents the front line.
⑽ Bicycle: One sentence is "I want to talk about my life, but I want to ask about my bicycle".
⑾ Waiting to ride: a scout riding a horse.