When Wang Bo was young, he had a negative literary name. When he was 9 years old, he wrote "The Defects of Han Shu", which was praised as a "prodigy" by Liu Xiangdao, an official in charge of justice in North Korea, and recommended to the court. Wang Bo passed the special exam of "Countermeasures" and entered the imperial court, where he was named "Saburo". At this time, Wang was still a boy of 14 years old. Later, because of his performance in "Overlord Chicken", he was angrily driven out of the government by Emperor Gaozong. So, Wang Bo went to Bashu. Soon, he got an official position in Zhou Guomou and joined the army. Later, he was convicted of killing government slaves. In order to catch up with the conferring of the crown prince and granting amnesty to the world, Wang broke away from his wife's pain. His father Fu Zhi was also involved and was demoted to Jiaotuo (present-day Vietnam) as county magistrate. In June of the second year (675) or the third year (676), Wang Bo went south to visit his father, and when he returned from crossing the sea to the north, he fell into the sea and died. He was about 27 years old. According to the contemporary writer Wang Chonglv's Burning Incense Outside the Millennium, Wang Bo's remains were buried on the left bank of Lanjiang River in Yichun Township, Lu Yi County, Yi 'an, and a temple was built for him. However, the mausoleum and temple at 1972 were bombed by American planes, leaving only a site full of wild hazelnuts.
In the early Tang Dynasty, only four outstanding people reached the peak of their lives, and Wang Bo's life was particularly short. However, among these four people, Wang Bo's literary achievement is the greatest.
The Preface to the Wang Teng Pavilion is immortal. However, Wang Bo's contribution to China literature mainly lies in his poems, not parallel prose.
In the history of China, the Northern and Southern Dynasties were a time of great division. The rights were changed in the hands of some "barbaric" nobles, and the ideals of literati were shattered. Especially in the south, poetry is only in the hands of emperors and clans, and has become an ornament of the court and their elegant pastime, with a soft and elegant style. In the early Tang Dynasty, the representative poets at that time were all ministers of Sui Chen's adherents. Their works still inherit the old habits of Qi Liang in theme and style, with beautiful poetic style, full of charm and exquisite carving. Strive for the strangeness of rhyme and the cleverness of word. Long text, not the shape of moon dew; The backlog is full of cases, but it is only the shape of the wind and cloud. "(hey? Li Zhi's Collection of Gaozuge's Essays is like Shangguan Yi's sentence describing spring scenery: "The trees are full at dusk, and the spring embankment is full of grass. The scenery is exposed and the snow is blue. " For example, Yu Shinan recited the poem of the early dynasty: "Jade flowers stop the candle at night, and the golden pot sends the crumbs. The sun shines on the temple of love, and Xiasheng marries the building. "There will be Sue? Then he wrote: "Guang Xiao washes outside the clouds, with sunny colors and rainy days. Because of the virtue of cranes, flowers are blown into imperial characters. "
Palace poetry is not without its merits. The court poets transformed the poetic language into refined and dexterous, with more free syntax and more diverse parts of speech, which laid the foundation for the development of "modern poetry". But in any case, the fetters and adverse effects of court poems on people are obvious. "At the end of the funeral, flow all over China; The more you make an ancestor, the more you fan. " "The secular world regards this as high, and the court takes this as the basis." (hey? Li Wei's "Gao Zuge" cultural book)
Yang Jiong, one of the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty", wrote in Preface to the Collection of Wang Bo: "Struggle for thinness and competition for carving. Jade, dragon and phoenix are mixed, and chaos is purple and yellow. The spine is tired and powerless. "
Wang Bo's uncle Wang Ji mentioned above is a maverick. The poetic style is simple and pure, and the artistic conception is ancient, which is different from the popular "palace style" at that time. But after all, his influence alone is too weak to form a climate. What really changed the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties was Wang Yang Luo Lu, a "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty".
Yang Jiong is one of the "Four Masters" with relatively stable life. His frontier poems are vigorous in style, but his overall achievements are small. Lu is one of the most miserable. In middle age, he was paralyzed by wind disease. Later, he couldn't stand the pain and died in the water. Lu's poems, especially works after illness, such as the sentence in Five Sorrow: "The lonely ape is sad, the crane is alone, the moonlight is pale, and the wind and spring are silent. If you don't hang on to the sky, you will be sad and heartless. " Truly expressed their feelings, "every word, carve out the lungs and intestines", which makes people unbearable. This is what the pretentious, elegant and introverted "court body" does not have. Among the "Four Masters", Luo is the most legendary. His detached personality and bold talent make his poems present a beautiful and vigorous beauty. "Don't Yan Dan here, strong man. In the past, people were gone, and today the water is still cold. " Writing about the ancients is also writing about yourself.
Lu deviated from the court style and adopted the style of Chu Ci. Unlike him, Wang Bo's best works are metrical poems and quatrains. He simplified and personalized metrical poems, but remained rigorous. This is his contribution to the development of rhythmic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Sending Du to Shu is the most famous poem:
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
There are at least two differences between this poem and the palace poem: one is to express one's feelings, while the palace poem only has praise divorced from social reality; Second, its expression is straightforward and simple, and the language behind it is * * *. The freshness of the language of this poem lies in that the sad state of the farewell poem has been replaced by a high-spirited and energetic style, which is consistent with the weather in the early Tang Dynasty.
In addition, the court uses some quips and aphorisms, especially at the end. For example, Shangguan Yi's "Singing Snow Should Write" says: "The forbidden garden condenses the new moon, and the snow covers the morning. Flowers live in the phoenix pavilion, and pearls are scattered in the pool. Gone with the wind welcome songs, lantern dance. Fortunately, thousands of miles are still in the Millennium. " But Wang Bo's poetry pursues implicit beauty. His five-character quatrain "In the Mountains" best embodies this feature: "The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li will return. The situation is high and the mountains are flying. "
On the basis of poetic materials, Wang Bo went to a wider external world and had his own unique observation and feeling of nature.
Fish beds invade shore water, and bird paths are like smoke mountains.
-"Spring Back to the Suburb"
Since then, the cool wind has soared into the sky, and the mountains have flown at night.
-"Yiyang Early Hair"
Under the leaves of the river, you should think about autumn in the old city.
-"Linjiang"
Of course, Wang Bo still inherited a lot from the palace poems, and his poems are still in good order. This can be seen from most of Wang Bo's works. He was not completely separated from palace poems like Li Bai and Du Fu. Therefore, we say that Wang Bo has created a new elegance.