Late cloud harvest. It's Liutang, and it's raining at the beginning. The swallow has not returned, as cold as autumn. Outside the small circle of light, the east wind is soft, embroidered and fragrant with dew. Jiangnan is far away, where people are, and partridges cry to break the spring sorrow. Chang Ji once swam with Yan. Dance beautifully and sing clearly, with brocade on your head. Drinking is a flower, and ten years is like one day. Drunk whip comes home late, looking at Cuilou and curtain rolling gold hooks. Good will hinder, be merciful and chaotic, and dream of Yangzhou diligence.
Such richness is not everyone's masterpiece! It's because my father mispronounced. What a pity! "Swallowing" to "fragrant" is the same as "drinking" to "golden hook". Both "swallow" and "drink" are used, which is wonderful. The words "no" and "sleepy" are used to stop the sound, which is a kind of freeze frame. Cover it on top, flat cover it on the bottom. This word is not pronounced enough unless it is removed. If there is a word "visit here", then the four flat words "as light as autumn" and "for whom to stay" will fall, that is to say, there will be a tone. If you don't understand this meaning, you should pay attention to the words "Yan", "Yun", "Wei" and "Kun", while the words "Han" and "Who" should pay attention to "Ke". What is Yangzhou's dream? From "Long Record" to "Golden Hook", we all remember the joy of hosting a banquet at that time, being drowned by wine and trapped by flowers. Shen Shi and his atlas regard "sleepy" as "behavior", which is totally meaningless. Shen Shi also wrote: "Because, I am sleepy." Not only is it flat and out of tune, but there is also the word "because of who" below. Isn't it a worry? (Qing Wanshu's Lexical)
According to the sentence "The rainy season has just begun in Liutang", there is the word "Hua Wu" under Liutang, and the word "Today" is under the word "People". Ciwei and Ye Pu are the same and should be supplemented. (Du Fu's Supplement to Morphology in Qing Dynasty)
There are also some words that are very particular, such as another song "Drum flute is slow" (not his own tune):
In the chaotic flowers, I once joined hands, poor and beautiful, and I was fascinated. Up to now, who has locked the carved saddle to prevent tourists from coming and going? Good dreams follow the spring, and the past is unbearable. It's hard to miss that sweet lady and feel empty and melancholy. Night ChanJuan is not full, sigh when the jade building is heavy. Comparable to Wan Li, but found again, pointing to Yangguan solo. I hate Dongliushui, Taoyuan Road, and I want to return to my sculls. Who are you fighting for? Ask Ding Ning in detail, how am I doing now?
The sentences "Who is going now" to "Who is not connected" are the same as "Nakan Wan Li" to "Ask", except that the word "to" is added in front of it. The word "lock" in the old symbol is broken and wrong. There is no contradiction between the view of "blocking tourists" and the view of "pointing to the sun" The word "resistance" and "finger" are also one word. What a mess! The sound of the word "ha" is the same as the word "even" in front, but the spectrum is considered to be flat, which is regrettable. I think Zhu Xi's Flowers on the Road really doesn't end with the word "ha", leaving "fire" and "Li". (Qing Wanshu's Lexical)
Another example is Sauvignon Blanc (a slow word, not a ditty):
Tiewengcheng is high, Garlic Mountain is wide, and Ganyun is twelve stories high. Wait for the bright moon, cover the foil cloak and still illuminate Yangzhou. Zimmernantou, remember the title of the song, and the township number is gentle. Who is the blue boat, leaning against the Qingxi and thinking about the shade of flowers? I miss Qin Xian, feel deeply moved by Jingfu, and look at her with a little sadness. Diligent ruler, Nai Pisces, difficult to cross Guazhou. Xiao Jian was ashamed that Pan Diandian and Wu Shuang were getting thicker and thicker. Fortunately, Fei and Yuanyang are not old and should not be sad for autumn.
Note at the end of Yang Wuxia's homophonic words: Yi Chan notes this word himself, but uses He Fanghui. It rhymes with Huai Hai's "Tie Weng Cheng Gao". I want Yangzhou to remember the past, and Qin is with him. At the end of the Qin dynasty, the sentence was engraved "Yuanyang is not old", that's right. The word "Yuanyang saves for a rainy day" is correct. However, the second sentence of this word is "garlic mountain crossing the width". It is wonderful to use the words "garlic" and "crossing" to remove the sound, which is just in line with the words "light" and "obstacle". The vocabulary is "Jinshan" and "gold", which is different from Hehan. (Qing Wanshu's Lexical)
In addition to the above, there are the fairy of Queqiao (subtle and clever), Man Fang Ting (mountain smears Wei Yun) and a bunch of flowers (see the teacher tonight). Mandarin is still very rhyming and rare.
I don't understand the materials such as the law of words quoted above, but I still hope to help you!
2. What does the rhythm of ancient poetry mean? Ancient poetry is divided into metrical poems and quatrains according to rhythm.
Rhyme score: 1, five laws: that is, a sentence of five words and eight sentences, which is limited to the end of a rhyme. The five laws take the first sentence as a positive example and rhyme as an example. 2, seven laws: that is, a sentence of seven words and eight sentences, limited to flat rhyme, a rhyme to the end. The rhyme of the first sentence is a positive example and the rhyme of the first sentence is a variation. 3. Exclusion: it can be five-word exclusion or seven-word exclusion. Arrange at least ten sentences. The arranged rhymes must be integers, such as ten rhymes and thirty-six rhymes. There are two kinds of quatrains: entering the law quatrains: you can write five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains. Four words, Ye Yunping. (Note: quatrains are divided into ancient quatrains and absolute quatrains. There are two kinds of quatrains, one is quatrains with regular sentences and the other is quatrains without regular sentences. The legal sentences of regular poems are classified as regular poems, and the legal sentences of ancient Chinese are classified as ancient Chinese. Most books are called quatrains, regardless of statutes and styles. Ye Ping's rhyming things must be rhythmic, and Ye Xu's rhyming things must be antique. In addition, generally speaking, people like to use ancient style, and people like to use it.
The level tone law is the classification of Chinese characters' tones from the perspective of literary temperament. In ancient Chinese, Chinese characters were divided into four tones: flat, upward, far and cheng * * *. Flat refers to flat voice, which means going up, going down and entering the voice. After the Yuan Dynasty, the entering tone in the north gradually disappeared, becoming the present double tone and four tone, while the flat tone gradually evolved into Yin Ping and Yang Ping. In modern Chinese, the four tones of flat tone, rising tone, falling tone are called new four tones. All tones with flat tones (referring to the first and second sounds of standard pinyin) are called flat tones, and all tones with rising and falling tones (referring to the third and fourth sounds of standard pinyin) are called Legato. Some words belonging to Rusheng in ancient Chinese are now classified as Yin Ping and Yang Ping, but when it comes to Pingping, they should still belong to Ru Ping.
You can take a closer look at Wang Li's poetry meter.
The first chapter is about some concepts of poetic meter.
Chapter II Poetry Rhythm
Chapter III Lexical Rhythm
The fourth chapter is the rhythm and grammatical features of poetry.
3. Poetry and prose about "beauty", 1. A water-green printed brocade cheongsam, a red fox collar, leather boots of the same color on the feet, a silvery white rabbit fur trench coat, a simple bun on the head, and an eight-treasure jade chrysanthemum hairpin are like floating clouds in Ran Ran.
The bright lights outline her delicate face, emitting a faint soft light, smiling and smiling, only feeling that her jade face is hibiscus and her eyes are shining. Today, she put on a long skirt. Light pink carved silk cheongsam with ancient philosophers, like peach blossoms in winter, is charming and moving.
There are rose-purple palace flowers on the flag bun, which will set off the skin if solidified. She turned to look at herself. The pear-shaped nest was looming in her mouth, and the chestnut red tassels on the flag head fluttered with a full smile.
She didn't like luxury before, so plain clothes didn't matter. Today, however, I put on a lot of makeup, and my eyes are full of smoke and eyebrows, and my mouth is full of blood, sweeping away my lofty feelings.
A rose-colored silver magpie wore a flowered cheongsam and a water-red brocade vest. Two kingdee earrings hung on her cheeks, shining brightly. Only the white jasmine pinned to the bun reveals that elegance. At the moment, she is beautiful and full of surprises.
4. She wears a light pink slim flag skirt, which highlights her slender and symmetrical figure; Pink is extremely light, close to white, but charming, just like the most natural but attractive blush on a girl's cheek; Sleeves, front lapels and robe corners are inlaid with pure gold wide edges, which is more noble; The fine composition of clothes embroiders the blooming red plum, which is complicated and layered, warm and makes people feel warm. Put a pair of flowerpots of the same color on your feet, satin coral beads and embroidered red plums. There is a small hollow drawer on the thick sole, which contains plum blossom powder. If you take a step, you will leave a red plum blossom mark on the ground; The hair is simply tied into a bun, and the second half hangs casually behind the waist. On the right is a hollow plum blossom inlaid with pearls and rubies, which is in full bloom from the top of the head to the ear. Some of them are even more open to the forehead, eyes or ears. Black hair emerged from the cracks, making the plum blossom redder. On the left is the plum blossom glass hairpin, exquisite and natural red. The outermost cloak is covered with pomegranate red brocade, and a pair of delicate jade hands are generously exposed outside, unlike the lady next to them who hides in the nest. The left hand is decorated with polished red jade beads, which cross the middle finger and pass through the back of the hand to the wrist, making the skin better than snow; The collar is red fox skin, lined with a delicate face like spring flowers; I still don't wear makeup on my face, but I dyed my lips with rouge and looked like red berries on my head. The most attractive thing is that there is a red plum in full bloom between the eyebrows! These dignitaries have seen many women and I have seen many plum blossom makeup, but this is the first time I have seen them. It turns out that the red plum with vertical and horizontal eyebrows is actually made of real plum petals, which is elegant and graceful, far more exquisite than rouge flowers.
And vertical and horizontal is like a proud red plum, which instantly eclipses all the ladies present. Bamboo and wood flowers walk in the market, and the gold-plated flower base around her head is inlaid with blood coral, which reflects her gorgeous and delicate face. Butterfly ornaments hollowed out on both sides are connected by flowing spikes, and then woven into a net curtain with various turquoise beads, shoulder-length. The red peony is inlaid with flowers to pinch the waist brocade robe, which outlines her young and plump figure.
6. This dress is red and embroidered with nine golden phoenix. Although it doesn't look as solemn as a black dress, it is gorgeous. There are six dragon three crowns on the crown. The dragon is made of gold thread and the phoenix is made of kingfisher feathers. There are many pearls hanging on Longkou, and there are some emerald flowers and leaves between Longfeng. There are two rows of small circles surrounded by pearls centered on rubies and sapphires at the lower part of the rockhopper.
There are six leaflike ornaments hanging behind the rockhopper, all of which are pearls and precious stones. The emerald blue part of the rockhopper is composed of kingfisher feathers, which looks dazzling.
7. If the peach is pretty in March, then she is as beautiful as a chrysanthemum in September. She is about forty years old, dressed in a plain clothes, with bright eyes, neatly trimmed eyebrows and nose, and a pear vortex on her cheek, which is absolutely beautiful. Against the background of blue sky, white clouds and green leaves, her skin color is crystal clear and soft as jade, but when she sees that her skin color is extremely white, her nose is often higher than that of a woman, but her eyes are faint with the meaning of seawater. Look at the plain hands on the sleeves and the gold rings on the wrists.
Jin Jue wears a hairpin on his head and has a slim waist. The pearls are shining, and corals and pearls are interspersed.
How does Yi fly? How can he fly away with the wind? Looking at the glory in the distance, the whistling is like a blue. 2. Soft hands, skin like jelly, collar like dragonfly, teeth like rhinoceros, bow your head, smart eyebrows and eyes looking forward to it. 3. Its shape is also stunning and graceful, like Youlong.
Glory Qiuju, Song Chun, Hua Mao. Like a light Yun Zheyue, like the wind flowing back to the snow.
Looking from a distance, if the sunrise rises; If you are forced to check it, it will burn like a wave. If you are satisfied with the fiber, you will shorten the fit.
If the shoulders are cut, the waist is as good as the elements. Neck stretching looks good, and its quality is exposed.
If you don't add Fang Ze, you will get rich in lead. The clouds are towering and the eyebrows are repaired.
Red lips are bright outside, white teeth are fresh inside, bright eyes are good at looking, and cymbals help. Elegant, elegant and quiet.
Tender as water, charming language. Stunning clothes are outstanding, and the bone image should be mapped.
The glory of wearing a sweater is the glory of Yao and Bi. Wear jade jewelry and embellish pearls to show off your figure.
To practice a long journey of writing is to drag the fog lightly. The fragrance of small orchids lingers in the corner of the mountain.
So how can you suddenly jump and travel and play? Leaning on the left, leaning on the laurel flag on the right.
Filled Hao's wrist with gods, he adopted the mysterious wisdom of turbulent wrasse. 4. She is unique and beautiful, with her own light spirit, delicate skin, carefree expression, beautiful eyes, smiling face, silent words and endless gentleness.
Her skin is better than snow, and her eyes are still like clear water. Looking around, she has an elegant and luxurious temperament, which makes people feel ashamed and dare not blaspheme. However, there is quite a fascinating realm in that cold agility, and people can't help but be entangled.
6. She leans on the stone bench by herself. Under the light of the fire, her face is like jade, like a crescent moon, like a flower tree piled with snow. She has a gorgeous posture, a quiet posture, a gentle posture, a lasting appeal to language and a delicate tone. 7. Listen to her words like pearls, her voice is soft and crisp, so listen carefully.
4. What is the charm of classical Chinese? Its charm lies in paying attention to allusions, antithesis, neat melody, separation of words and writing, and concise writing.
Today's classical Chinese is an article composed of an ancient written language in China, mainly including the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were no articles for writing, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to write. With the change of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive language of scholars.
After the modification of literati in past dynasties, it became more and more flashy. Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, initiated the "ancient prose movement" and advocated returning to popular ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
Extended data:
First of all, the word is ambiguous.
The usage of Chinese characters is extremely complicated, and a word often has multiple meanings and usages. Polysemy is very common in ancient Chinese and even modern Chinese. Polysemy is also a common problem in classical Chinese reading and examination. To grasp the ambiguity of a word, we should pay attention to its original meaning, extended meaning, figurative meaning and borrowed meaning.
Understanding the original meaning and extended meaning of a word is the basic way to master polysemy. The basic meaning of a word is called "original meaning" and the meaning derived from the original meaning is called extended meaning. In addition, figurative meaning is the meaning produced by analogy, and loanword meaning is the meaning formed by loanwords.
Second, the classical Chinese sentence patterns
Classical Chinese sentence patterns are basically the same as modern Chinese sentence patterns. It is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences, both of which have six major components: subject, predicate, object and definite complement. The word order of sentences is basically the same. Of course, there is still a difference between the two. When learning classical Chinese sentences, we should try our best to grasp the differences between classical Chinese sentences and modern Chinese sentences.
Although the sentence patterns of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are basically the same, there are some special sentence patterns because some entity words in classical Chinese are different from those in modern Chinese.
If you want to learn classical Chinese well, understand the meaning of sentences correctly and understand the content of the article, you must master the special sentence patterns of classical Chinese. We often say that the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese are judgment sentences, ellipsis sentences, inversion sentences, passive sentences and fixed sentences.