First, the love poems in The Book of Songs.
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poems in China, which marks the brilliant origin of China literature. The Book of Songs includes three parts: style, elegance and ode, and * * * contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Among them, there are 77 love poems, including 7 wind poems1,accounting for 48% of all 160 wind poems, accounting for about 25% of the total number of The Book of Songs, and 6 elegant poems. Love poems include two parts: love poems and marriage poems.
The representative works related to love in The Book of Songs include Cold Light, The Peak Woman, Feng Wei Papaya, Qin Bamboo Slips and so on. They are the most essential parts of The Book of Songs, which embodies the free love life of young men and women at that time. To sum up, these love poems generally show four themes:
1. Give something and make a promise. The theme of dedication and love in Feng's poems is fully reflected. Feng Wei Papaya is a wonderful typical poem for men and women to express their love. The girl dedicated the fragrant papaya and peaches and plums to the right person and opened her heart of love to him. The young man did not hesitate to return "Qiong Cong", "Qiong Yao" and "Qiong Jiu" and said that "it is always good to repay bandits" and exchanged lifelong keepsakes with each other. The pure and free love life is vividly expressed in the poet's pen.
2. tryst secret date. Love between the opposite sex will naturally lead to trysts. Or deepen understanding, or pour out the truth, or be close to feelings. The Peak Maid is the most complete poem describing trysts and secret appointments among all love poems, including characters, places and processes. Quiet and beautiful girl, waiting for the hero in the corner. Girls deliberately avoid it and let men "scratch their heads"-scratching their heads and walking around like ants on hot bricks. Show men's obsession with their loved ones.
3. Meet each other late. Meeting unexpectedly and falling in love at first sight is not uncommon in life, but it was the Zhou people who first brewed it into a poem, and Zheng Feng Ye Cao is an example. The poem wrote: "There are creeping weeds in the wild, and there is no dew. There is a kind of beauty, and youth is graceful. I am willing to meet you. " Fang Yurun, a poet in A Qing, pointed out when commenting on Tang Poetry: "This poem only describes the first encounter between men and women, and it looks realistic. It is a masterpiece and cannot be discarded. "
4. eager for courtship. Feng Wei Fen Ju Xun is a poem about "women chasing men", which describes a girl picking wild vegetables thinking of her lover in the low-lying land by Fenshui River. In her view, "the other son" is an extremely handsome person with "excessive beauty"; Her appearance is as beautiful as England, her personality is as beautiful as jade, and she is very unusual. These are the reasons she likes and yearns for. Although the words in the poem are light, the feelings presented are profound and meaningful. Similar articles include Zheng Feng's East Gate and Qin's Feng Jiajian.
The love poems in The Book of Songs can be divided into several categories: happy events, abandoned wives, thinking of women, anti-marriage, love satire and so on.
1. Wedding poem. "Looking at Luo in Nan Zhou" is the first poem to congratulate the wedding. A girl with a graceful figure and a kind personality is just a good match for a man with ability and virtue. In the opposite sleep, the harp, the bell and the drum paint the wedding of Zhou people. Sleeping clothes and tossing and turning express my worries that I can't get; Friends of the harp and the music of the bells and drums describe the joy of words and the prosperity of Zhou people's weddings. "Guanju" is about ordinary marriage, but the harmony and beauty in this daily emotional life and the prosperity of business are the deepest roots of that elegance.
2. Poems of abandoned wives. Where there is combination, there is abandonment. These poems truly reflect one aspect of social life, that is, the tragic fact that women are bullied and oppressed. "Meng" is a masterpiece of the poem of abandoning a wife, which vividly describes the whole process of the heroine's love, marriage, abuse and abandonment, and reveals the true meaning of life: personality and moral quality are a pillar to maintain marriage and family. Meng's ingratitude and treachery are the direct causes of this marriage tragedy. There are many such abandoned wives' poems in The Book of Songs. The existence of the poem of abandoning a wife shows that men and women have different economic status, and women are only accessories of men. Therefore, Engels said bitterly: "The first prerequisite for women's liberation is that all women return to public labor."
3. Thinking about female poetry. Turbulent society, frequent wars and endless corvee make husband and wife leave and miss each other, which is the social background of thinking of women poems. The theme of women's thinking is mostly women's nostalgia for their husbands who fought and served, which is the so-called "hating women and missing husbands." However, the expressions have their own characteristics, such as writing "my head is like a flying canopy" without dressing up, and telling myself "I would like to take the first disease", which have become the most typical expressions of China's ancient love poems.
4. Anti-marriage poems. The famous Zhou is the masterpiece of this kind of poem. The heroine fell in love with a handsome young man, but was unreasonably interfered and obstructed by her mother. In a rage, she shouted "I can't resist even if I die" and "I don't forgive others." This extremely angry lament of hating my mother is a contempt and rebellion against the arranged marriage system of "parents' orders". "This poem pioneered women's struggle for marital autonomy and set a shining example for later women's struggle for freedom of marriage.
5. Mourning poems. Mourning poems are the deep condolences of the living spouse or husband or wife to the deceased. Based on this, we can find the purity and loyalty of Zhou people's love and the profound harmony of husband and wife's love. Gao Feng's Green Clothes is the first work to mourn his dead wife. When the hero sees the harm of things, he sees "green clothes", "yellow shirts and plums" and "Huang Shang", which causes endless grief. But correcting two plots highlights the virtue of the deceased wife. This poem is also the ancestor of mourning poems, and it is the swan song of mourning poems.