Pneumonia prevention knowledge 1. What are the preventive measures for pneumonia?
1, usually pay attention to cold and warmth, change clothes at any time in case of climate change, and people who are prone to physical weakness can often take drugs such as Yupingfeng powder to prevent exogenous diseases.
2. Quit smoking and avoid inhaling dust and all toxic or * * * gases. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance physical fitness.
3, when eating or feeding, attention should be concentrated, ask patients to chew slowly, avoid talking while eating, holding food, inhaling into the lungs. 4. Patients with pneumonia should eat (drink) more things, such as fluids; Especially fruit juice; Fresh fruits and vegetables; Oily fish.
Eggs and other foods rich in vitamin a. Ventilation should be provided indoors, even in winter, so as to keep the indoor air fresh and reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms.
The above is the prevention method of pneumonia. 6, prevent respiratory infectious diseases, winter and spring, especially during the flu epidemic, avoid going to public places and other pneumonia prevention measures.
2. Pneumonia health knowledge
Pneumonia Series II: Introduction of Several Infectious Pneumonia Due to the aging of social population, the increase of immunocompromised hosts, the change of pathogens and the increase of antibiotic resistance rate, pneumonia is still an important disease threatening people's health in today's society.
There are many pathogens causing pneumonia, including bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella, etc. ), mycoplasma, chlamydia, virus (influenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, etc. ) and fungi. About half of clinical pneumonia cases in the United States cannot identify the pathogen.
The basic information of pulmonary infection diseases is collected here for reference. Influenza virus pneumonia causes influenza virus.
It is caused by the continuous spread of the virus from the upper respiratory tract to the lower respiratory tract after the flu. Patients with mild clinical manifestations are similar to simple influenza, but fever lasts longer, cough and chest pain are heavier, and cough is light and sticky.
There are fewer lung signs. Severe cases include high fever, severe cough, blood in sputum, shortness of breath and cyanosis, which may be complicated with heart failure without signs of consolidation.
The total number of white blood cells decreased and the proportion of lymphocytes increased. Chest X-ray shows inflammatory shadows, and the lungs are scattered with flocculent or patchy shadows, extending from the hilum to the periphery. The course of the disease can be delayed by 3~4 weeks.
Patients with chronic heart and lung diseases and low immune function have high mortality. The incidence of influenza pneumonia in infants and the elderly is very high.
The incubation period is 1 ~ 3 days, and the shortest is only a few hours. The route of transmission is air droplet transmission, close contact (hand-nose) transmission, and the possibility of indirect transmission through virus pollution in diet, tea sets, utensils and towels also exists.
Specific preventive targeted vaccine. Antiinfluenza drugs.
The pathogens of adenovirus respiratory tract infection are closely related to pneumonia. Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory infection: fever, pharyngitis, expectoration, discomfort, chills, myalgia and headache.
Upper respiratory tract infection: acute fever, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, fever, cough, pharyngeal wall exudate, etc. Lower respiratory tract infection: bronchitis, pneumonia.
The onset is slow, with fever and cough at first. High fever (39~4 1℃) lasted for 8~ 14 days, and dyspnea occurred 3~4 days after onset, and pulmonary signs appeared later. Symptoms such as listlessness and lethargy.
Nephropathy, hepatomegaly and other extrapulmonary diseases can be seen. Blood routine white blood cell count is normal.
X-ray chest film shows extensive involvement of bronchial or lung parenchyma, and large flaky shadows with emphysema can be seen. The epidemiology of respiratory adenovirus infection mostly occurs in late winter and early spring; It often causes popularity among babies, families, hospitals and recruits.
The incubation period is 2~ 14d, and the incubation period of adenovirus respiratory infection is generally 5~6 days. Transmission route droplet transmission and close contact (hand and nose) transmission are also important ways.
Clinical manifestations of specific prevention of non-human parainfluenza virus Human parainfluenza virus (HPIVs) often causes lower respiratory tract infection in children, and its pathogenicity is second only to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Like RSV, human parainfluenza virus can cause recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (such as colds and sore throats).
It can also lead to serious recurrent lower respiratory diseases (such as pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis), especially the elderly and immunocompromised people. The four subtypes of human parainfluenza virus have different clinical and epidemiological characteristics.
The most typical clinical feature of type I and type II is that it causes laryngotracheal bronchitis in children. Type I is the main cause of laryngotracheal bronchitis in children, followed by type II. Both type I and type II can cause other upper and lower respiratory diseases.
Type III often leads to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Type IV is difficult to detect, probably because it rarely causes serious diseases.
The incubation period of human parainfluenza virus is generally around 1~7 days. Human parainfluenza virus is a single-stranded RNA virus.
The virus surface contains lysozyme and glycoprotein spines of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. Serologically, human parainfluenza virus can be divided into four types (types I to IV), of which type IV is divided into two subtypes: A and B..
Virus particles vary in size (average diameter is between 150 nm and 300 nm) and shape. It is unstable in the external environment, and it is easy to lose its activity after living on the surface of an object for several hours.
Epidemiological characteristics are spread through close contact with infected people or contact with pollutants. However, infectious substances can be infected when they come into contact with the mucosa of people's eyes, mouth or nose, or by inhaling droplets of respiratory secretions produced by sneezing and coughing.
Human parainfluenza virus can survive for more than an hour in this suspension state. Human parainfluenza virus is ubiquitous, and most people have been infected in childhood.
Serological monitoring showed that 90%~ 100% of children aged 5 and above had antibodies against human parainfluenza virus type III, and about 75% had antibodies against human parainfluenza virus types I and II. There are two methods to diagnose human parainfluenza virus infection: 1) Through tissue culture: isolate and identify viruses in cells or directly detect viruses in respiratory secretions, and adopt immunofluorescence test, PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other methods.
2) The specific antibody of IgG in two serum samples collected at an appropriate time increased significantly or the specific antibody IgM in a single serum sample was detected, and a conclusion was drawn. Preventive measures there is no effective vaccine to prevent human parainfluenza virus infection; However, researchers are developing vaccines against human parainfluenza viruses I and III.
The antibodies of human parainfluenza virus type I and II passively obtained by infants from their mothers play a very important role in the first few months of their lives, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding. We must pay close attention to various control measures to reduce and prevent the spread of diseases.
Frequent hand washing and not using utensils with infected people can reduce the spread of the virus. Although children with colds and respiratory infections can still participate in school activities in kindergartens, it may not be meaningful to reduce the spread of human parainfluenza virus, because the spread of the virus is usually in the early stage of the disease.
In hospitals, strict measures should be taken to prevent the spread of human parainfluenza virus, such as washing hands frequently and wearing protective overalls and gloves to avoid direct contact. The clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia are bronchitis with fever and expectoration.
There are 10% cases that can be imaged by radiation.
3. Relevant knowledge of preventing pneumonia
Hello.
Diet therapy for pneumonia: Here are some health care recipes for you to choose from. 1. celery pickled carp 250g, fresh celery 50g, starch, shredded ginger, shredded garlic, soy sauce, white sugar, vinegar, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, yellow wine, pickled pepper and vegetable oil.
Production: Slice carp, cut celery into sections, and make soup with soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, yellow wine, salt and starch. Put the wok on high fire, add oil and heat it to 50%, add mermaid and stir fry, drain the remaining oil, and add shredded ginger and pickled pepper.
Stir-fry the celery, then boil the sauce to make the oil shine and take it out of the pot. Efficacy Carp has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diuresis and detumescence, relieving cough and regulating qi. Celery has the effects of calming the liver and clearing away heat, expelling wind and diuresis, nourishing the heart and benefiting qi.
Carp and celery are suitable for adjuvant treatment of acute and chronic pneumonia. 2. Raw materials of shredded rabbit mushrooms: cooked rabbit meat 100g, mushrooms 50g, onions 25g, and appropriate amounts of Chili oil, soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, sesame oil, sesame sauce, pepper powder and monosodium glutamate.
Production: Shred the cooked rabbit meat and onion separately, and cook the mushrooms. Put onions and mushrooms at the bottom, cover the noodles with shredded rabbit and put them on a plate.
Break the sesame sauce with soy sauce several times, mix the sesame oil evenly into a flavor juice, and pour it in shredded rabbit to eat. Efficacy A vegetarian diet has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, invigorating qi and spleen, eliminating dampness and cooling blood, and facilitating defecation. Lentinus edodes has the effects of detoxifying and moistening dryness, invigorating qi and spleen, eliminating dampness and stopping diarrhea.
The combination of rabbit meat and mushrooms is suitable for treating acute pneumonia. 3. quail lily soup raw materials quail 1, lily 25g, ginger, onion, monosodium glutamate and salt.
After quail is slaughtered, hair, claws and viscera are removed, washed, scalded with boiling water, fished out and cut into pieces; Lily petals are broken and washed for later use. Wash ginger and onion, mash ginger and cut onion into sections.
Put the pot on a big fire, pour in a proper amount of water, add quail, bring to a boil, add lily, ginger and onion, and simmer on low heat until the quail is cooked. Add salt and monosodium glutamate for a few minutes and put it in a soup bowl. Efficacy Quail meat has the effects of nourishing five internal organs, benefiting liver and clearing lung, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea. Lily has the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, nourishing yin, clearing away heat, clearing heart fire and calming nerves.
Both are suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia. 4. Lean cabbage soup raw materials lean meat, Chinese cabbage heart each100g, ginger, garlic, salt, monosodium glutamate and chicken oil a little.
Beat lean meat into shreds, wash and shred Chinese cabbage, put it in boiling water, take it out when it is just cooked, rinse it with clear water and drain it for later use; Put the pot on a big fire, add chicken oil and cook for five times, add garlic, stir-fry until golden brown, add lean meat and stir-fry, add fine salt, cook human soup, add cabbage to boil, and add monosodium glutamate to serve. Efficacy lean meat has the effect of tonifying the middle energizer, benefiting qi, promoting fluid production and moistening intestines; Chinese cabbage is flat and sweet, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, removing annoyance and relaxing bowels.
Lean Chinese cabbage is suitable for acute and chronic pneumonia. Key points of home care for pneumonia 1. Turn over and pat your back more to help discharge respiratory secretions.
The baby coughs for a long time, and it will be very uncomfortable when sleeping. Parents remember to turn over the baby, pat the baby on the back and help the baby discharge the secretions of the respiratory tract. 2. Eat more fruits and soup and less eggs.
The food should be light and should be supplemented with more water and vitamin C, but be careful not to eat too much at a time, because too much protein will cause indigestion. 3. Fine cotton swab and nasal aspirator for nasal congestion.
When the baby has a stuffy nose, you can wet the nasal scab with a cotton swab dipped in warm water and take it out bit by bit. Parents should be careful not to push too hard. Choosing small cotton swabs is better than traditional cotton swabs.
The nasal aspirator can also come in handy at this time. 4, bring your own thermometer, keep the air circulating, and open the window 2 to 3 times a day.
Bring your own thermometer, which is sold in big supermarkets. Keep the indoor air circulating, open the window 2 to 3 times a day, and control the indoor temperature and humidity. The temperature is about 18℃~22℃ and the humidity is about 60%.
5, apply forehead (antipyretic paste), alcohol to wipe the body. If the baby has a fever, applying a cold towel to the forehead can reduce the baby's fever, or you can choose a hot compress patch.
In addition, 30%~50% alcohol rubbing can also help the baby to cool down physically. 1. Prevention As the saying goes, "prevention is better than cure", it is necessary to improve the resistance to atypical pneumonia and make it difficult for SARS to invade.
Methods An expert suggested that healthy people should absorb vitamins by eating fruits and vegetables. At present, tomatoes, strawberries, carrots, sweet peppers and so on, which are widely sold in the market, contain a lot of vitamins, which have a good effect on the absorption and balance of vitamins in the body. Method 2 According to the existing nutritional research results, through dietary balance, people can get adequate nutritional supplements, which will greatly improve their immunity to diseases and play a role in preventing SARS.
To improve immunity through dietary nutrition, we should pay attention to the following three points in our daily diet: First, we should supplement enough high-quality protein. Because protein is the material basis of the body's immune defense function, it is suggested to supplement about 200g of animal food every day, such as eggs and lean meat.
The second is to supplement vitamin A in moderation. This helps to maintain the integrity and function of respiratory mucosa and its responsiveness to foreign bodies, plays an important defensive role against virus invasion and infection, and is of great benefit to the prevention of respiratory diseases and current atypical pneumonia.
Studies have shown that children who lack vitamin A are prone to respiratory infections. At this time, you can eat some animal liver, once a week, 50g each time, drink 1 cup of milk and eat 1 egg every day, which can basically meet the needs.
The third is to properly supplement antioxidant vitamins, minerals and bioactive substances. Because the right amount of antioxidants in the body is also an effective immunomodulator, which plays an important role in the immune process.
This can be obtained from various vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, American ginseng is a tonic. The climate in spring is dry and easy to get angry, which is not suitable for everyone to take at this time.
It is best to ask a doctor to check his physical condition, and then decide whether it is suitable to take it and how much to take under the guidance of a doctor. Otherwise it may cause discomfort such as getting angry.
Second, once you are unfortunately sick, you can also use Chinese medicine diet to alleviate your illness. In order to further improve the clinical efficacy of atypical pneumonia, doctors should refer to the following Chinese medicine dietotherapy methods according to the actual situation, and treat SARS cases or suspected cases individually according to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, according to local conditions, classification by stages.
At the same time, according to the change of illness, the treatment law is adjusted in time, and it is added and subtracted with the syndrome. (1) Patients with early toxic heat.
4. How to prevent pneumonia
Prevention and treatment of pneumonia: 1, and the diet is mainly fresh fruits and vegetables.
You can drink more fruit juice, and the liquid helps to remove secretions from the lungs. It is helpful to use pure fruit juice and distilled water.
The diet should be nutritious, light and easy to digest; Dairy products (except yogurt), sugar, white flour products, coffee, all kinds of tea (except herbal tea), cigarettes and alcohol should be avoided. 2, cold compress.
Pneumonia is usually accompanied by fever. At this time, an ice pack can be applied to the patient's head to lower the body temperature and relieve discomfort. You can also take a bath with alcohol or warm water, and drink plenty of water at the same time. 3. More ventilation.
In winter and spring, which are prone to diseases, it is necessary to keep indoor air circulation and go to crowded public places less to avoid bacterial infection. 4. Exercise properly.
Usually, we should pay attention to exercise to enhance disease resistance, and low immunity is the main cause of pneumonia. ? Increase air humidity.
Using a humidifier to generate cold water vapor is helpful for pneumonia, and can also be used for chest hot compress to relieve pain.
5. How to prevent lung disease
Analysis of illness: pneumonia in children is one of the most life-threatening diseases in children. The younger the age, the more complications and the more serious the illness. Especially at the turn of spring and summer, the air humidity is high, pathogens are easy to spread and the incidence of pneumonia is high. Guidance: The key to prevent pneumonia in children is to strengthen physical exercise at ordinary times and treat colds and bronchitis in time. In addition, children should be given necessary and adequate nutrition. Be sure to breastfeed for at least 4 months and add complementary food reasonably. Usually, children should go outdoors and get more sunshine, and the indoor air should be fresh and circulated. During the epidemic season of infectious diseases, don't take children to public places, and don't let them contact infected children and adults. When the weather changes, children should be given more or less clothes. Then, we should actively prevent rickets, anemia and malnutrition. Diseases such as trace element deficiency. Because these diseases are closely related to the occurrence and development of pneumonia, we should also pay attention to the planned immunization of children according to procedures. Because infectious diseases such as measles, whooping cough and flu can reduce children's physical resistance and cause pneumonia, don't ignore planned immunization.
6. Children pneumonia prevention knowledge
Pneumonia is a common disease in children.
Globally, pneumonia accounts for about 20% of the total deaths of children under 5 years old, ranking first, and it is also one of the main causes of death of children under 5 years old in developing countries. Moreover, severe pneumonia will leave irreversible lesions in children's lungs, which will affect children's future life, so we should pay enough attention to it.
First, the characteristics of pneumonia in children (1). Suddenly, newborns or babies sometimes get sick and hide.
(2) symptoms. Symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, loss of appetite and vomiting may occur.
There may be upper respiratory tract infection before the onset, and then the body temperature suddenly rises, and the symptoms of cough and asthma are aggravated. In severe cases, breathing difficulties or cyanosis occur. Newborns or babies sometimes don't have a fever, or their body temperature doesn't rise, and they have poor reaction, refusing milk, choking on milk, spitting and shortness of breath.
(3) signs. Increased respiratory frequency, lung fixed moist rales (a characteristic manifestation of pneumonia), wheezing, etc.
Two. Pathogens and test results of pneumonia in children Viruses, bacteria and atypical microorganisms are common pathogens of pneumonia, among which Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common atypical pathogen. It can be preliminarily judged by age combined with blood routine examination.
Bacterial pneumonia can be seen at all ages. The common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, and the white blood cells and neutrophils generally increase significantly. The hemogram of viral pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumonia is generally not high. Viral pneumonia is common in infants and mycoplasma pneumonia is common in preschool children.
Further etiological examination includes blood culture, sputum culture, virus antigen detection and mycoplasma antibody detection. Third, the treatment of pneumonia in children (a) treatment strategy 1.
Outpatient treatment of mild pneumonia. If you find that your child has difficulty breathing, pale lips or cyanosis, you should go to the hospital in time.
2。 Children with severe pneumonia and high risk factors need hospitalization.
(2) Treatment measures 1. General treatment (1) The home environment should be quiet and tidy, be patient with children, make them happy and ensure their rest.
The room should be ventilated frequently and maintain a certain temperature and humidity. (2) The diet is light, so it is necessary to ensure adequate water and nutrition intake and avoid eating polysaccharide, spicy, cold, greasy and sticky food.
(3) It is also important to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Children with pneumonia have a lot of phlegm, which is easy to block the airway and affect the inhalation of gas. Parents should always pick up the child and pat him on the back from bottom to top to help him expectorate.
2。 Anti-infection treatment For bacterial pneumonia or mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, doctors will first choose antibiotics empirically according to possible pathogens, and then adjust the use of antibiotics after determining the pathogens.
Viral pneumonia does not require antibiotics. 3。
Symptomatic treatment, such as oral expectorants, can be atomized when conditions permit. 4. Frequently Asked Questions about Children's Pneumonia (1) What conditions suggest that children may suffer from pneumonia? Generally, there can be upper respiratory tract infection a few days before the onset. If the fever persists for more than three days, the cough is deepened and severe, the child has poor mental reaction, shortness of breath, and even blue mouth, flapping nose and suffocation, pneumonia should be considered. Go to the hospital in time and be diagnosed by a professional doctor.
Not all pneumonia has rales, and infants and school-age children can't hear rales. If necessary, you should listen to the doctor's advice and make further chest X-ray diagnosis. (2) The difference between children's colds and pneumonia Sometimes children's colds and pneumonia have similar symptoms and are easily confused.
Children are in good spirits when they catch a cold, but pneumonia often makes them fidgety, cry or fall asleep. When you have a cold, your appetite is normal, but when you have pneumonia, it drops obviously. Cough is generally mild when you have a cold, and you have no difficulty breathing. In pneumonia, there may be shortness of breath, wheezing and difficulty breathing, and babies may have green mouth and flapping nose. .
7.200-word essay on common sense of disease prevention
Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter include common cold, influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella and mumps. It is mainly spread by droplets in the air. Prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases should pay attention to the following matters:
1, to avoid catching a cold. When the human body catches cold, the blood vessels in the respiratory tract contract, the blood supply decreases, the local resistance decreases, and the virus is easy to invade.
2. Purify the environment and keep the indoor air fresh. Open the window regularly for ventilation, keep the air circulating and let the sun shine through the room; You can also fumigate the room with vinegar.
3. Pay attention to the law of life and ensure adequate sleep. Adequate sleep can eliminate fatigue, regulate various functions of the human body and enhance immunity.
4. increase nutrition. Supplement nutrition and appropriately increase the intake of water and vitamins.
5, strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness. Physical exercise can enhance blood circulation and improve immunity.
6. Pay attention to hygiene. Strengthen personal hygiene and personal protection.
7. Immune prevention. Before the epidemic season, you can carry out corresponding vaccination, such as influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningitis and other vaccines.
8. Early detection and early treatment. When you have respiratory symptoms, you should seek medical advice in time, avoid taking things seriously, and don't take medicine indiscriminately.
8. How to prevent pneumonia in children?
1. Strengthen nursing and physical exercise; Prevention of rickets and malnutrition is the key to prevent severe pneumonia.
Advocate breastfeeding, add complementary food in time, cultivate good eating hygiene habits and get more sunshine. Exercise from an early age to improve the body's cold resistance.
The room temperature should not be too high or too low. Appropriate increase or decrease of clothes with climate change.
2. Avoid infection. Avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections as much as possible, and pay more attention to infants with immunodeficiency diseases or immunosuppressive drugs. 3. Prevent complications and secondary infections, and actively treat children's upper respiratory tract infections, tracheitis and other diseases.
Infants with pneumonia should actively prevent possible serious complications, such as empyema and empyema. Wards should pay attention to air disinfection to prevent cross-infection.
4. Hib vaccination can effectively prevent pneumonia caused by Hib. Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine can effectively prevent invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in healthy children, but it lacks immunity to infants.
If it is combined with carrier protein to form a compound vaccine, it can take effect. The application of inactivated mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine and attenuated live vaccine is in the research stage.