A song, "river of no return, the waves are exhausted", has impacted the ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty and changed the glamorous style in the past. Su Shi also naturally became the representative of the uninhibited school. The bold style is integrated into the ci with passionate and even sad feelings, and the characters win with heroic images and magnificent scenes. Representative works include Jiangchengzi, The Old Man Talk about Juvenile Madness, Mink Head, When is the Bright Moon?
Su Dongpo was honored as the originator of the "bold school" by many theorists in later generations, mainly because some of his words described his aspirations and ideals and expressed his lofty aspirations. Indeed, it shows a unique heroic temperament and leads the way for the change of ci style, such as
The river of no return, a romantic figure with a long history. To the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. As picturesque as a mountain, how many heroes there are at one time! Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like mail, you won't get a bottle until a month later.
Su Shi's previous poems were all songs that should be sung. He wrote more about the lovesickness between men and women and the sadness between flowers and wine. Su Shi's ci shows an open and bold mind, gets rid of the smoothness of Huajian ci, and fully shows the author's bold personality and personality. Such as "Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "No Return of One River, Romantic Figures through the Ages". From the beginning, it was spread out in the grand realm of Wan Li in the Millennium, which was open, turbulent and magnificent. In such a vast space-time framework, it laments that life is short, fame and fortune are illusory, and leads the frustration of life to a high place. Although this philosophy of life lacks the strength of fierce struggle, it also embodies Su Shi's arrogant character of unwilling to sink.
Another example is Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Michigan:
The old man talked about juvenile madness, pulling yellow on the left, holding pale on the right, wearing a gold hat and mink fur, riding a thousand troops on a flat post. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. It doesn't matter if the chest is still open and the temple is slightly frosted after drinking wine. When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.
The whole article is full of pride in serving the country and killing the enemy, and it is intense and passionate, giving people a sense of impulsiveness. Su Shi's life has been ups and downs. It is his ideal to guide rivers and mountains and help the world. This basic Confucian life thought prompted him to join the official career. I think, when the imperial examination was openly held, the emperor appreciated it and his career was brilliant for a while, how could it not make people full of energy? What's more, Su Dongpo, who is "energetic and ambitious", is arrogant, boasting that "it's so hard to be a gentleman?" It is also understandable. Therefore, when talking about juvenile madness, write a poem "look northwest and shoot Sirius." The bold words are also natural.
Even in real life, personal sadness can rise from personal feelings to rational broadmindedness, instead of lingering gracefully among flowers.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I want to go home in the wind, lest it be too cold on the roof. Dance to find the shadow, what is it like! The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
There is an ancient saying about "Shuidiao": "The first half of this word is a fairy tale." It shows that the evaluation of it is high. In the poem, the author reflects the changes of ancient and modern times, feels the cycle of the universe, and reveals a wise life concept. The whole poem is full of praise for the moon, but it is related to personnel everywhere, full of strong philosophical meaning, and it is a sentimental work that is highly compatible with nature and society. The first movie was inspired by the moon, and the next movie was sent by the moon. The question at the beginning is "When will there be a bright moon?" Straight into the empty valley, the brushwork is strange, leaving a legacy of "Tian Wen". The next few words are full of twists and turns. "Ask heaven for wine" and "What year is tonight" are also the pursuit of eternal existence; It shows the author's confused mentality of wandering deeply between the birth of Confucianism and Taoism and China's entry into WTO. Later, the phrase "people have joys and sorrows, the moon has ups and downs, and it is difficult to do this in ancient times" suddenly became clear. In this eternal time and space, the ups and downs of people and the moon have been the same since ancient times. Knowing this, don't feel sorry for yourself and feel sorry for the full moon. Finally, "I wish people a long life, thousands of miles away", and give my deep blessing to all the people in the world who suffer from the pain of parting. It is really a word, and the realm is high. Su Shi returned the theme orientation of Ci from responding to songs to expressing himself, and extracted the theme of creation from real life. Therefore, Su Shi's poems are mostly sentimental, recording life feelings in his creation, making the lyricism of his poems close to real life, and the lyrical characters in his poems also correspond to the creative theme from separation to unity. It makes the creation of ci-poetry face reality, society and real life, and greatly broadens the scope of ci-poetry.
Throughout the Song Dynasty, there are numerous poems, but those graceful and lingering works account for the biggest weight. This is actually directly related to the origin and development of writing. Ci was originally for singers, and singers love to sing, of course, those touching and tearful sentences. Therefore, before Su Shi wrote lyrics, the style of Song Ci was naturally graceful and restrained. When Su Shi wrote lyrics, Liu Ci was already in full swing, and Liu Ci was everywhere. The lingering sadness is not only the characteristic of Liu Ci. But the overall style of Song Ci at that time. Su Shi, as the greatest writer in Song Dynasty, did not make his works fall into the traditional cage. As a result, Song Ci also embarked on the road of innovation.
Su Shi's lyrics began when his poetry skills were mature. In the creation of ci, he combined a lot of poetic techniques, and sometimes he broke the rhythm limit of ci for the sake of poetry as a whole. In terms of the language of ci, Su Shi changed the style of Hua Jian, absorbed the poems of Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Du Fu and Han Yu, and occasionally used the spoken language at that time, giving people a fresh and simple feeling. It can be said that since the advent of Su Shi's ci, everything that can be written into poetry has been included in the ci. In this way, it broke the category of "Ci is a colorful subject", improved the quality of Ci, expanded the realm of Ci, and made Ci move towards a broad life world. From then on, words can not only "express feelings", but also "express aspirations". Struggle for the status of keeping pace with poetry. Su Shi used Ci to express his political ambition, life emotion, life interest, feelings and landscape scenery, which expanded the realm of Ci, combined the poet's "destiny" with the poet's "ambition", and the quality and character of Ci were highly unified and integrated.
In a word, Su Shi's bold and elegant ci poems make people respect him as the pioneer of bold and unrestrained ci poems. Although his uninhibited ci works are less than one tenth of all his ci works, Su Shi's heroic temperament has changed from responding to songs to expressing himself and facing reality, society and real life, which has expanded the singing scope of his ci works. Su Shi's creative technique of taking poetry as ci has made his ci develop by leaps and bounds, making it no longer a lyric that can only be sung, but a lyric. Perhaps this is Su Shi's greatest contribution to Song Ci!
Du Fu:
(7 12—770) Zi Zi Mei, a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is known as the "sage of poetry". He has the great wish of "respecting the monarch and being obedient, and then making the customs pure" (Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei). "It is not surprising to ask for a good word from humanity." On the river, the value of water is like the sea.
His life is divided into four periods:
1. Reading roaming period (before the age of 35) (7 1 1-746)
During this period, Du Fu traveled more than half of China. He was lucky enough to meet Li Bai in Luoyang, travel with Liang and Song, and make friends with the poet Gao Shi. The three of them really enjoyed themselves for a while by drinking, shooting, tasting literature and poetry. This issue's masterpiece "Wang Yue"
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
2. Ten years in Chang 'an (35 -44 years old) (746-755 years old)
During this period, Du Fu began to pay attention to his official career. He came to Chang 'an and presented "Carving Fu" and "Three Rites Fu". Xuanzong ordered the establishment of Jixian Academy, but it remained idle. His life is very difficult. The representative works in this issue include Five Hundred Words of Love, Car Shop and Two Ways. His life is:
At the door of the rich, dusk carries the dust of fat horses.
Leftovers are cold-roasted, and there is sadness everywhere.
("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng")
3. The arrested thief is an official (44 -48 years old) (755-759)
I had a leisure life as an official in the early stage. There are some poems describing court life. In the later Anshi Rebellion, he was trapped in Chang 'an for nearly a year. Later, he risked his life to escape, and Su Zong was appointed as the left gleaner. Angered by admonishing Su Zong, alienated and abandoned officials. Masterpieces: Northern Expedition, Three Officials, Three Farewells, Three Poems of Qiang Village, Moonlit Night, Frozen Pottery with Sadness, and Blue Board with Sadness.
What spring looks like.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
4. Wandering southwest (48 -59 years old) (759-770 years old)
He was once exiled with his family because of rebellion. Yanwu went to Shu twice and gave him a lot of help. After Yanwu's death, he went out to Shu with his family and wandered around the two lakes today, taking the boat as his home. He was stranded, naked and hungry, and died in a wrecked ship in 770. This period is the harvest period of Du Fu's creation, and there are more than 65,438+0,000 poems written here, including Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Five Lang, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Five Poems of Celebrating Historic Sites, Sleeping Out, Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and Sick Orange.
The autumn wind broke the hut.
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs.
Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled it on the periphery of the river. The highest one hung with a long forest top.
The next person floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bullied me,
I couldn't bear to be a thief across the street, but openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest.
My lips are burning, my mouth is dry, and I can't breathe! Come back and sigh with a stick.
The wind in Russia sets the color of clouds and ink, and the desert becomes dark in autumn.
This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.
How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep?
There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor in the world and make them happy.
The wind and rain do not move! Oh!
When did you suddenly see this house? I can freeze to death alone!