Writing ideas and clues (just know):
The first paragraph explains Li Guang's family background and his rich experience in Wendi.
The second paragraph introduces Li Guang's extraordinary courage, outstanding achievements and important positions in the period of Emperor Xiaojing.
The third paragraph, taking Cheng Yu as the comparative object, introduces Li Guang's early career in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and his bold and brave simple style of running the army;
The fourth paragraph introduces Li Guang's dismal management in the middle of his official career during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, portraying him as a mighty but slightly cruel, high-spirited but slightly conceited general;
The fifth paragraph describes the tragic story of Li Guang's later career. Because of internal and external reasons, the army lost its later stage and committed suicide in a rage.
Emperor Wendi's rise-Emperor Jingdi occupies an important position-Emperor Wudi is bleak.
Main content: Through his different experiences in san huang, he showed his lofty sentiments, hesitated but bumpy life. When he arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was pushed out and frustrated, and finally he was forced to commit suicide, which ended in tragedy.
Li Guang's characters:
1, brave and good at fighting, superior in martial arts, proper in strategy and resourceful.
2. Take the lead, run the army simply, and care for the soldiers.
He has made outstanding contributions, but he has never seen him. Frustrated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was finally forced to commit suicide with a tragic ending.
Artistic features:
1, the whole is in chronological order, and the description is detailed and appropriate.
2. He is good at grasping the most prominent characteristics of Li Guang, portraying characters in multiple dimensions and making the image three-dimensional.
3. Use contrast to highlight Li Guang's outstanding personality. For example, the Xiongnu archers are compared with Li Guang, highlighting their high martial arts; Highlight Li Guang's simple style of leading troops with his rigorous and rigid style of leading troops; Compare Cai Li's official career with Li Guang's official experience.
4. Sima Qian's biography is full of emotion, pouring deep sympathy for Li Guang, and at the same time showing his indignation at those in power, which is mainly reflected in the narrative.
5. The language is popular, rich in literary talent, accurate in verb use, vivid and rhythmic in language and strong in sense of rhythm. For example, in the encounter between Li Guang and Xiongnu, the indomitable spirit of the Han army was vividly described in four sentences and more than ten words, and the big scene of the engagement between the two armies was outlined.
Selected notes:
Receiving: teaching and learning.
assume the office of
And: wait until
Degree (duó): calculation and speculation
Use: because, because
Iron: the grade of salary
Judge, judge
Needless to say, peaches and plums are followed by a unique way (the origin of idioms): the metaphor of sincerity will have a strong appeal and win people's hearts.
Ban Gu's Biography of Su Wu
Common sense of literature:
1, Ban Gu: Meng Jian. He wrote most chapters of Hanshu and didn't die. Ban Gu was also a famous fu writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his masterpiece was Fu for Two Cities.
2. Achievements: Hanshu is the earliest biographical dynastic history in China, and its style is basically inherited from Shiji except that there is no "aristocratic family". The compilation of the whole book began in Emperor Gaozu and ended in the last years of Wang Mang.
Main ideological content:
Through vivid and concrete details, it highlights the touching story that Su Wu, as an envoy of the Han Dynasty, was not intimidated, seduced, arduous and desperate for 19 years.
Enthusiasm eulogized his unyielding national integrity and noble character of loyalty.
Su Wu's characters:
1, Su Wu's action of serving the country with death depicts her indomitable and strong personality.
2. Two persuasion shows that he is not bullied, seduced and loyal to the country and the nation.
3. Through the description of the hard test, Su Wu's indomitable and enduring patriotic will is demonstrated.
Strong personality, national integrity and patriotic will constitute the image of Su Wu.
Artistic features:
1, cut properly (with appropriate details).
Write in detail Su Wu's tortuous experience of being detained as an envoy to Xiongnu, and briefly describe his deeds after returning to China;
Described in detail the surrender of Xiongnu, forced surrender and Su Wu's refusal to surrender, briefly described Su Wu's marriage and children in Xiongnu, and highlighted Su Wu's patriotic spirit.
2. The contrast is sharp.
(1), compared with John Zhang, sets off Su Wu's profound understanding and righteousness, full of backbone, fearless in times of crisis, and highly responsible for the country;
(2) Compared with Wei Law, Wei Law is a traitor seeking glory, which highlights Su Wu's lofty national integrity;
(3) Compared with Li Ling, Li Ling cares about everyone's grievances, Su Wu devotes himself to the national interests, and Li Ling's words and deeds before and after are also in contrast.
Understand the differences between Wei Law and Li Ling's thoughts and feelings;
1, Wei Lv was dead set on surrendering to the Huns, satisfying the temporary prosperity, carrot and stick to Su Wu and being a traitor.
2. Li Ling cares about personal grievances, but when she failed to persuade Su Wu, compared with Su Wu's national integrity, she felt guilty and wept bitterly.
What did Su Wu say to Lv Wei and Li Ling?
1, defend the law:
Wu chided, "This woman is a courtier, and she is unmoved. She turned her back on her relatives to control foreigners. How can she be seen? " And I am only loyal to my daughter, so that people can die and live. I am unjust and upright, but I have to confront two masters and watch the disaster fail! "
To Li Ling:
(1) I am a gentleman, and my son is a father; A son dies for his father and is hated by death. I don't want to say anything more.
(2) the king will surrender, please finish today (huān) and die before.
Join the army in the tenth five-year plan
Common sense of literature:
1, original intention of Han Yuefu:
Society: refers to a music institution, whose main task is to collect folk lyrics, match them with music, and sing praises to literati's poems, which can be played at court sacrifices and banquets.
2. The development of Yuefu:
(1) Later generations called the poems sung by Yuefu "Yuefu", and the meaning of Yuefu became a kind of harmonious poem.
(2) Han Yuefu is a Yuefu poem in the Han Dynasty;
(3) According to Guo Maoqian's classification of Yuefu poems in Song Dynasty, most Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty were preserved in suburban temple songs, advocacy songs and harmony songs.
3. Features of Han Yuefu:
(1) The poems of Han Yuefu, with folk songs as the essence, inherited the traditional realistic works since the Book of Songs, reflected the social reality at that time in many aspects and had a strong flavor of life.
(2) Its basic artistic feature is that it is good at narration, and it uses miscellaneous words and five words (the first in the Han Dynasty), and its language is colloquial, which has a far-reaching influence on the development of ancient China poetry.
Ideological content:
This is a narrative poem, a folk song that exposes the unreasonable military service system in feudal society and reflects the injustice and pain of the people under the military service system.
Writing characteristics:
1, straight to the point at the beginning, in charge of the whole article, write the length of military service of veterans from the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" to the "Eighty Years".
2. Intercept debris. The following omits the events of the veteran's 65-year military career and intercepts the fragments from his hometown not far away to his home. "People in Feng Dao Township: Who is at home?" From a distance, it is the royal family, with many pines and cypresses. "These four questions and answers with neighbors outline the human tragedy of family destruction and death;
3. Finally, I ended up with a lonely image of a veteran, with endless aftertaste.
An ancient poem for Jiao Zhong's wife
Basic knowledge:
1, this article was first seen in "A New Ode to Yutai" compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, entitled "An Unknown Ancient Poetry by Mrs. Jiao Zhong";
2. Guo Maoqian's Poems of Yuefu in Song Dynasty is included in Zaqu, entitled "Jiao Zhongqing's Wife";
3. Later generations took the first sentence called Peacock Flying Southeast;
This is a famous long narrative poem.
Based on a marriage tragedy in Lujiang County during the reign of Emperor Xian in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Ideological content:
Through the love and marriage tragedies of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, they accused the evil of patriarchal clan system, paternalism and the concept of family gate, and expressed the reasonable desire of young men and women for freedom of love and marriage.
The formation of tragedy: character tragedy and social tragedy. Judging from the deaths of Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing, the story is full of mythical colors, and people have a strong desire to pursue love, free life and happiness.
Character image
Liu Lanzhi 1:
(1) Strong and self-respecting, so he asked to be sent back;
(2) Humble and educated, caring for her mother-in-law and sister-in-law when she leaves;
(3) industrious and versatile;
(4) Being soft on the outside and rigid on the inside, having their own ideas, not driven by threats or moved by splendor;
(5) gentle and considerate, affectionate and single-minded;
(6) Decisive and loyal, dare to pursue the freedom of marriage and love, safeguard their personal dignity, and have a certain spirit of resistance.
2. Jiao Zhongqing:
(1) Finally, love is afraid to fight directly, weak, stiff, passive, resistant and bear the burden of humiliation;
(2) Kindness and filial piety, but finally embarked on the road of rebellion for love.
3. Jiao Mu: extremely arrogant and arbitrary, she is a typical feudal parent who destroys love.
4. Liu Lanzhi Brothers: Arrogant, snobbish, mean and heartless, they are typical images of philistinism.
Summarize the main plot and briefly explain the structural mode of "double-track propulsion":
(1) The whole poem is mainly divided into four parts: farewell, forced marriage and double suicide.
Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, who are both talented and attractive, sincerely love each other, but their mother-in-law makes things difficult for them in every way. Zhong Qing's pleading with his mother was invalid, so the husband and wife had to say goodbye. Lan Zhi returned to her family, and suitors followed. Because she had an appointment with Zhong Qing and didn't want to remarry, both husband and wife died.
(2) The narrative adopts the way of double-line alternating advancement, and the structure is meticulous and compact.
The first clue revolves around the family contradiction between Jiao Liu and Jiao Liu. Zhong Qing begged for mercy from his mother, Lan Zhi begged for mercy from his wife, Lan Zhi refused to get married, and Zhong Qing divorced his mother, showing the struggle between destruction and anti-destruction.
The second clue revolves around the love between Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing.
(1) After all the ministers failed to find their mother, their separation from Lan Zhi reflected their deep love.
(2) After bidding farewell to her mother-in-law, Lan Zhi wrote down their sincere and firm feelings with a large sum of money.
(3) Lan Zhi according to the farewell with Zhong Qing after marriage, describes their life-and-death love.
These two clues develop alternately, completing the narrative of the story and the unfolding of the fate of the characters.
On the Functions of "Lan Zhi Farewell" and "Taishou Welcome";
Lan Zhi's "Farewell" and Taishou's "Wedding Banquet" are colorful and elaborate, which play an important role in expressing emotions, portraying characters and setting off tragic themes.
This paper analyzes the characteristics of dialogue in shaping characters' personalities.
1, the dialogue between characters is full of individuality, which creates a distinctive character image.
2. Case study:
(1) Use language to express the characters' personalities, such as Liu Lanzhi's softness on the outside and rigidity on the inside, Jiao Zhongqing's cowardice and helplessness, Jiao Mu's bossiness and Mr. Liu's imposing manner;
② You can feel the personality characteristics of the characters in different occasions. Liu Lanzhi's attitude and tone to Zhong Qing, Jiao Mu, sister-in-law, brother and mother are different, and so is Jiao Zhongqing.
③ The dialogue conforms to the identity characteristics. For example, a brief conversation between the matchmaker of a minor character and the official conforms to the identity characteristics of the character.
3. The basic style of language is natural, simple and fluent.
The significance of scenery description;
It is symbolic, symbolizing the immortal love of the hero and heroine, expressing the author's praise for their pursuit of free love spirit and sympathy for their tragic fate, and also warning future generations not to let the tragedy repeat itself.
Travel again and again
Common sense of literature
Inclusiveness:
Nineteen Ancient Poems was first included in Selected Works compiled by Xiao Tong, Prince of Liang Zhaoming in the Southern Dynasties, with the title of Ancient Poems. Most of them were written in the decades before Jian 'an in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and most of the authors belonged to middle and lower literati, not one person.
Content and style of the work:
The works are similar in style and verve, and they are all lyric stories. Writing more about the feelings of parting between husband and wife and friends and the hesitation and frustration of literati is a true portrayal of the turbulent life and social desolation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Work achievements and characteristics:
The form uses five words, the language is implicit, the use is better than the hope, the words are near and far, and the words are short and affectionate. Liu Xie was crowned as the "crown of five words", which marked the maturity of literati's five-word poems.
Travel again and again
Ideological content:
This poem expresses a woman's feeling of missing her husband in a long distance. First, she told her how she felt when she left, then she told her that it would be difficult to travel far away, and then she told her the pain of lovesickness. Finally, she tied an artificial knot to comfort herself, and her emotional expression was subtle.
Artistic features:
1, both language and rhythm are expressed by repetition and chanting. The first sentence is connected with the word "line" and only juxtaposed with the word "heavy". "Walking" is far-reaching, "re-walking" is extremely far-reaching and has long-lasting significance, and time and space have become a new level.
Repetitive tone, slow rhythm and tired pace give people a heavy sense of oppression.
2. The sentence "Humayu follows the north wind and crosses the south branch of the Bird's Nest" is figurative. On the surface, it is a metaphor for a gentleman to travel far, indicating that things are wrong and people are ruthless. At the same time, it also symbolizes the deep affection and warm acacia of the thinking woman for the gentleman who travels far away.
Key sentences:
1, "the line is heavy, and life is separated" means sadness, which comes from "Songs of the South". Nine songs. Think less about life. "
2. "Clouds Covering the Sun" assumes that her husband has another new lover, suggesting that thoughtful women have concerns and doubts about her husband's behavior outside.
Distant Altair
Key sentence
1, "You can't write a chapter in one day" borrows a poem from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong.
2. Cry Like Rain borrows a poem from The Book of Songs, Li Feng and Yan Yan. The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has been circulated in the Han Dynasty.
Ideological content:
Myths and legends are used to describe the pain that Petunia and Weaver can't meet each other across the river, and the two stars who were originally heartless are written as loving couples who are separated alive.
On the surface, every word describes my yearning for the Weaver Girl in the sky, and every word actually expresses my parting hate for the missing women in the world. With romantic imagination, it expresses the real pain of wandering and thinking about women in the turbulent society of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Artistic features:
1, the whole poem consists of ten sentences, six of which use overlapping words, such as distant, beautiful, slim, firm, ying ying and pulse.
2. (Function) The use of reduplicated figures of speech is the focus of this poem, which not only enhances the harmony between rhythmic beauty and phonology, but also expresses objects and emotions naturally and appropriately.
Answer the theme again: It expresses the real pain of women's wandering and thinking in the turbulent society of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Error-prone point:
1, a large number of preserved Yuefu poems were compiled by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty.
2. The Poem of Giving a Wife was first included in Yutai Poem of Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, and later included in Yuefu Poetry Collection.
3. Nineteen ancient poems, Selected Works, were compiled by Xiao Tong, Prince of Liang Zhaoming in the Southern Dynasties, with the title "Ancient Poems".