According to the years of works, Not according to the story date:
Notes: Zou Ji satirizes coachable, King of Qi in the Western Han Dynasty, Peach Blossom Garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Three Gorges in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xiaoshi Pond in the Tang Dynasty, Yueyanglou in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zuiweng Pavilion in 146, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple in 184
Inscription: Humble Room in the Tang Dynasty < , died in happiness, Ma Shuo in the Tang Dynasty and Ailian Shuo in the Northern Song Dynasty
Table: A Model of Three Kingdoms Shu
Preface: A Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang in the Ming Dynasty
Supplement: Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang coachable should be regarded as a historical prose.
The ranking of 16 articles:
The Cao Gui Debate in the Spring and Autumn Period, The Analects after Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, The Fish I Want, Born in Worry, Died in peace, Zou Ji satirized coachable, King of Qi in the Western Han Dynasty, A Model of Three Kingdoms Shu, The Peach Blossom Garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, The Three Gorges in the Northern Wei Dynasty (795-8), Ma Shuo, The Story of Xiaoshi Pond after the Tang Dynasty 85, The Humble Room Inscription after the Tang Dynasty 146, The Story of Yueyang Tower 146 and Zuiwengting Pavilion. Methods
The division of sentence rhythm in classical Chinese is as follows: 1. There should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the sentence initial word) and the related word; 2. There are two monosyllabic words in ancient times, but a disyllabic word in modern Chinese, so they should be read separately; 3. Pause according to the language order, that is, according to "subject-predicate-object" and "adverbial-predicate". Pause between the subject and the predicate, and between the verb and the complement (there is generally no pause between the attribute and the head word) to make the meaning obvious. Fourth, read the adverbial noun and the head word continuously, that is, when the noun acts as an adverbial, it usually pauses before the word, and the adverbial and the head word cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence. Then you can't stop, that is to say, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but should be read continuously. 1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+er+verb", then the adjective or adverb in front acts as an adverbial to modify the verb behind it, and can't be read separately. 2. That is to say, the previous action takes place, and the following action takes place immediately. At this time, the word "and" should be continuous with the verb behind. 3. "And" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating juxtaposition, which is equivalent to "moreover", "you", "he" or not translated. It is equivalent to "moreover", "and", "JIU" or not translated. Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of the sentence structure. Seventh, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis. Eighth, we should understand the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors. Ninth, "Ye" is used in the sentence to reveal the pause. Pause after reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary word at the end of a sentence, don't pause. 1. Pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords. 11. Four words, five words, six words, seven words, etc. with neat sentence patterns can be read with the same pause when reading aloud. Make the tone and intonation communicate in one breath. There are three rules to divide the rhythm of sentences in classical Chinese: first, determine the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) according to the grammatical structure of sentences in classical Chinese; second, determine the reading rhythm according to the function words or summative words such as the headwords, modal particles and related words; third, pause when the sentences are inverted. It is also very important to correctly understand the meaning, because this is to determine the pause rhythm of classical Chinese. 3. What is the classification of classical Chinese style?
Style refers to the genre of an article.
Stylistic classification is to classify all kinds of articles according to the characteristics of genre. Classifying styles is helpful to grasp the characteristics of articles, and is of great benefit to reading, analyzing articles or guiding writing.
Therefore, Lu Xun said, "Classification is helpful for reading articles." Historically, genre classification has become more and more detailed with the increase of creation.
in the three kingdoms period, Cao pi's canon? Thesis, the article is divided into four sections: memorial, calligraphy, inscription and poetry. The classification is very rough, especially excluding a large number of narrative articles. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji wrote Wen Fu, which divided the article into ten styles, which was more complete than the Paper.
Selected Works compiled by ming prince and Xiao Tong in the Southern Dynasties, and later generations called it Zhaoming Selected Works. Wenxuan does not choose articles from classics, philosophers and history books.
Wenxuan adopted the theory of "distinguishing between writing and writing" which was popular at that time, and chose only "writing" (articles without literary talent) instead of "writing", and divided the selected articles into 38 categories and many details. Selected Works has a great influence, but its classification lacks logic, and its classification standards are different, but it is obviously a little cumbersome.
In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Nai compiled A Compilation of Ancient Chinese Ci, which only focused on ancient Chinese, and divided the selected ancient Chinese works into thirteen categories, such as argumentation, preface and postscript, memorial, book saying, giving preface, imperial edict, biography (zhudn), epitaph, miscellaneous notes, admonition, eulogy and mourning. The classification of GuWenCiLei is still lack of logic, and the content and form are staggered, which is not a scientific classification.
there are different ways to classify styles from different angles, and the details are also different. When we classify ancient articles, we should not only consider the characteristics of the internal form and presentation techniques of the style itself, but also consider the application scope of the articles, and also consider historical factors, such as the far-reaching influence of ancient classification methods, which we have to take care of comprehensively.
In ancient times, Wu Ne's Distinguishing Style and Xu Shizeng's Distinguishing Style were the most complete works about the differences of various styles. Article Discrimination distinguishes fifty-nine styles, and Style Discrimination distinguishes one hundred and twenty-seven styles.
in view of the above situation, we advocate that the classical Chinese style should be divided into six categories first, and then the details should be introduced in each category, and the popular ancient style names should be incorporated into them. The six categories of classical Chinese style are: ancient prose, rhyme, parallel prose, rhyme and prose, drama and novel.
Ancient prose, rhymes and parallel prose are orthodox chapters in ancient times, and rhymes, operas and novels are not elegant in ancient times. Ancient orthodox scholars despised popular literature such as operas, novels and rap works. In fact, popular literature such as operas, novels and rap works cannot be ignored in ancient works.
the first category: ancient prose. Classical Chinese is an ordinary classical Chinese that pays no attention to rhyme or duality.
most of the works of Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji are ancient prose, and the general narrative, argumentative, lyrical and practical writings are all ancient prose. Argumentation, preface, postscript, memorial, calligraphy, preface, numerology, biography, epitaph, miscellaneous notes, etc., which are divided in the Compilation of Ancient Literary Ci, are all the details of the classification of ancient Chinese in combination with the application category.
These detailed works either focus on lyricism or narrative explanation. (a) focus on the discussion of lyricism, including argument, preface and postscript, memorial, book saying, gift preface, marsh order, etc.
"On Discrimination" is an article that demonstrates or discriminates things, such as Jia Yi's "On Qin Dynasty" and Liu Zongyuan's "Discrimination of Tung Leaves". "Memorial" is an article to explain things to the monarch, such as: Chao Cuo's "On Gui Su Shu".
"preface", also called "narration", is used to sum up the great significance of a book, which is usually placed before a book or after it. Such as: Sima Qian's Historical Records? Preface to Taishigong, Xu Shen's Narration of Explaining Words.
"Postscript" is in the same order, but after a book, it is sometimes just a feeling after reading. "Preface" evolved from preface, which is a farewell article, such as "Preface to Send Dong Shaonan" by Han Yu.
imperial edicts are orders issued by the emperor, such as "Luntai Marsh Order" by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Books are letters, such as Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An and Bai Juyi's Letter to Yuan Jiu.
"Shuo" is an argument, which is often an opinion on something, such as Liu Zongyuan's "The Snake Catcher's Theory". (2) There are biographies, epitaphs, miscellaneous notes, etc. that focus on narrative description.
biographies mainly describe characters, such as Sima Qian's Historical Records? Biography of Lian Lin, Liu Zongyuan, Anecdotes of Duan Taiwei. Some biographies are stories or fables, such as Li Chaowei's Biography of Liu Yi and Ma Zhongxi's Biography of Zhongshan Wolf.
"Inscriptions" comment on the whole story of people or events, and most of them are engraved on the steles, such as Liu Zongyuan's ji zi Monument and Yongzhou Tielu Step. "Miscellaneous notes" can be used to write scenery, record notes, or record feelings.
For example, Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Xiaoshi Pond and Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower are landscapes, while most of the chapters in Shen Kuo's Mengxi Bitan are notes or descriptions. The second category: verse.
Rhymes include all kinds of rhyming poems, poems and songs, as well as other rhymes and popular songs. Poetry in verse is a familiar style.
There are different genres of poetry, which can be roughly divided into free verse and metrical verse. (1) Free verse: Ancient free verse refers to ancient verse in a broad sense, including all ancient poems that don't pay attention to the rules such as the number of sentences, the number of words, and the level of words. In a narrow sense, ancient verse only includes seven-character ancient verse and five-character ancient verse.
this topic uses the general idea of generalized ancient poetry. Classical poems in a broad sense include: ① The Book of Songs and four-character poems and miscellaneous poems originated from the Book of Songs.
For example, Cao Cao's Short Songs is a four-character poem that imitates the Book of Songs. (2) Chu Ci poetry.
Chu ci poetry originated from Chu folk songs. It has a prominent word "Xi" as a symbol, or one or two sentences have a word "Xi", and its content and techniques are romantic. Representative works are Qu Yuan's Li Sao and Nine Songs.
③ Cifu originated from Chu Ci, and likes to spread out and exaggerate. It is mainly composed of four sentences. Although it pays attention to rhyme, the sentence pattern is self-contained, and it can be mixed with prose sentences. In fact, it is a poem close to prose. Such as: Autumn Wind Poems by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Poems on Returning Home by Tao Qian, Poems on Forest by Sima Xiangru, Poems on Climbing the Building by Wang Can and Poems on Epang Palace by Du Mu.
④ Yuefu poems. Yuefu poetry was popular in the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
For example, the Tenth Five-Year Military Conscription in the Han Dynasty and Mulan Ci in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. ⑤ Classical poetry in a narrow sense includes five-character classical poetry.