"The wind eaves spread out the books and read, and the ancient roads illuminate the color" means: Under the eaves, I unfold the books and read in the breeze, and the glory of the ancients will shine on me to walk firmly.
From: "Song of Righteousness" by Wen Tianxiang of the Song Dynasty
Original text:
There is righteousness in the heaven and earth, and they are mixed and endowed with manifolds.
Below are the rivers and mountains, and above are the sun and stars.
What people call Haoran is overwhelming.
The imperial road should lead to Qing Yi, and Han and Tu Ming Ting.
At the end of the day, we see each other and draw pictures one by one.
In Qi Taishi Bian, in Jin Dong Hubi.
In Qin Zhang Liangzhui, in Han Suwu Festival.
He was the head of General Yan and was bloody for Ji Shi.
They are Zhang Suiyang’s teeth and Yan Changshan’s tongue.
It may be the Liaodong hat, clearing the ice and snow.
Perhaps in order to show off one's teachings, ghosts and gods weep heroically.
Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Or it may be caused by hitting the thief's wat, and the reverse head will be broken.
It is the majestic energy that will last forever.
When it penetrates the sun and the moon, life and death will be settled.
The earth depends on it, and the sky pillar depends on it.
The three cardinal principles are actually life-related, and morality is the root.
I am sorry for the incompetence of Tuanyangjiu.
The prisoners of Chu wore their crowns and sent them to Qiongbei.
The tripod wok is as sweet as glutinous rice, but you can’t get it if you ask for it.
There is a ghost fire in the underworld, and it is dark in the spring courtyard.
Cows and oxen eat the same soap, chickens and phoenixes eat.
Once there is fog and dew, it becomes barren in the ditch.
No matter how cold or hot it is, everything will change by itself.
Alas, Ju Laochang, for my peaceful country.
How could there be such cleverness? Yin and Yang cannot be thieved.
Considering this, I look up at the white floating clouds.
My heart is sad for a long time, and the sky is full of extremes.
The day of the philosopher is far away, and the punishment is in the past.
The wind eaves spread out books to read, and the ancient roads illuminate their colors.
Translation:
There is an upright air between heaven and earth, which gives all things and transforms them into various shapes.
Below it is represented as mountains, rivers and mountains, and above it is represented as the sun, moon, stars and stars.
In the human world, it is called the aura of vastness, which fills heaven, earth and the universe.
During the Qingming period of national prosperity and peace, it presented a peaceful atmosphere and an enlightened court.
When times are tough, martyrs will appear, and their glorious images will hang on the painting one by one.
In the Qi State, there are Taishi bamboo slips that sacrifice one's life to record history, and in the Jin State, there is Dong Hu's pen that insists on justice.
In the Qin Dynasty, there was Zhang Liangzhui who fought against violence for the people, and in the Han Dynasty, there was the brave and loyal Su Wujie.
It also appears as the head of General Yan who preferred death rather than surrender, and as the blood in the body of Ji Shi who resisted desperately.
It is shown as Zhang Suiyang’s teeth that were broken when he swore to kill the enemy, and Yan Changshan’s tongue that was cut out when he scolded the thief.
Sometimes it appears as Guan Ning, who likes to wear a white hat to avoid chaos in Liaodong. His noble character is better than ice and snow.
Sometimes it appears as Zhuge Liang who wrote "The Master's Guide". His loyalty to death makes ghosts and gods weep.
Sometimes it appears as Ji when Zu Ti crossed the Yangtze River and went on a northern expedition, passionately vowing to devour Hu Jie.
Sometimes it is shown that Duan Xiushi beats the traitor's wat, and the traitor's head suddenly breaks.
This kind of majestic energy fills the universe, and justice is inviolable and will last forever.
When this kind of righteousness reaches the sky and penetrates the sun and the moon, there is no need to talk about living or dying! The earth relies on it to stand upright, and the sky pillar relies on it to support itself.
The Three Cardinal Principles rely on it to maintain life, and morality relies on it to have its foundation.
What is sad is that I encountered a national crisis and was really unable to go to Anguo to kill the thieves.
Wearing court clothes, he became a prisoner and was sent to Qiongbei by post.
To me, being tortured by a cauldron is like drinking sugar water, and dying for the country is something I can only dream of.
The cell was silent with little will-o'-the-wisps flickering, and the door of the Spring Courtyard was always closed until dark.
The old cow and the horse were kept together in the same trough, and the phoenix lived in the chicken coop and ate and lived like a chicken.
Once I catch the cold and contract a disease, the ravine will definitely be my burial place. If I can experience two more cold and summer days like this, all kinds of diseases will be avoided.
It is a pity that such a dark and humid place has become a paradise for me to settle down and live my life.
Is there any secret in this? All the cold and heat cannot harm my body.
Because I have a loyal heart that will always exist in my heart, and fame and wealth are like floating clouds in the sky to me.
The sorrow in my heart is deep and boundless. I ask the sky when will there be an end.
The sages have left me one by one, and their examples have been engraved in my heart.
Under the eaves, I unfolded the book and read in the breeze. The glory of the ancients will shine on me and I will go on firmly.
Extended information:
1. Historical limitations
In this poem, first of all, the author lists many historical figures, who are not only national heroes, but also Not necessarily all are heroic figures who have made significant contributions to history and the people.
For example, Ji Shao in the poem "Blood for Ji Shi" was just a loyal minister in feudal society who sacrificed his life to defend a mediocre emperor Jin Hui due to internal strife in the royal family.
As for Guan Ning, he is just a hermit who escapes reality and lives alone. Although the author praises them all as historical heroes, this is actually not advisable.
Secondly, although the author Wen Tianxiang is a rare national hero in Chinese history, his heroic sacrifice was largely based on the idea of ??loyalty to the emperor in feudal society.
He has admired the behavior of loyal ministers and righteous men in ancient times since he was a child: when he saw some portraits of loyal ministers in Jiangxi Academy, he said with emotion: "If there is no such thing as a bean, he is not a husband."
< p> "And when he was about to be executed, he also took it as his creed to be loyal to the country by learning from the ancient sages and being benevolent and righteous.It can be seen from this that his ideological foundation is basically based on loyalty to the emperor.
It is precisely because he has this feudal idea of ??loyalty to the emperor that his vision is limited and the positive content of his works is restricted.
Therefore, while evaluating its positive significance, ideas that are not in line with the interests of the people should be criticized.
He was able to maintain his national integrity after being arrested.
Not for humiliation or inducement, but finally sacrificed for the country, maintained the noble national integrity, and maintained the "righteousness" for the motherland, which should naturally be affirmed.
However, the author Wen Tianxiang’s patriotism is fundamentally different from the proletarian patriotism and internationalism.
Finally, precisely because the author Wen Tianxiang was restricted by the feudal idea of ??loyalty to the emperor, some things that promote Confucian doctrines and feudal ethical concepts were naturally revealed in the poem, such as "Three cardinal principles are actually life-related." ", morality is the root" and so on are all feudal dogma and are undesirable.
2. Historical allusions
The "Song of Righteousness" written by the anti-Yuan hero Wen Tianxiang was written in Beijing (Yuan Dadu). The little-known Wen Tianxiang Temple is in Fuxue Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing. , is where the anti-Yuan hero Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned by the Yuan Dynasty for three years.
Wen Tianxiang Temple now has two courtyards, front and rear. There is a poetry stele embedded on the east wall of the front courtyard, which is engraved with the famous poem "Song of Righteousness" written by Wen Tianxiang here;
Back Hall In the courtyard, there is an ancient jujube tree that tilts toward the south at an angle of nearly 45 degrees. It is said to be the "guide tree" that represents Wen Tianxiang's unyielding spirit of "not giving up until he points to the right direction."
Wen Tianxiang was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in a family of poets and calligraphers in 1236. In 1256, when he was 21 years old, he went to Lin'an Prefecture, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) to take the examination and won the exam. Top pick in the middle.
In 1259, when Wen Tianxiang's three-year mourning period for his father expired and he officially entered his official career, the Southern Song Dynasty was already facing a critical situation with the Mongolian army invading southward.
The worried Wen Tianxiang wrote to the court, exposing the evil deeds of treacherous ministers who had harmed the country, and proposed "establishing square towns and each defending one side", that is, a contract responsibility system for military defense based on areas. Being ignored.
Wen Tianxiang, who was upright and concerned about the country, had been in office for 20 years, but was always suppressed and ostracized.
My heart is like a magnetic needle, and it will not rest until it points to the other side.
In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Empire.
In 1274, Kublai Khan sent Prime Minister Boyan and 200,000 troops to invade the Song Dynasty again.
Although the Southern Song Dynasty had more than 700,000 soldiers, they were treacherous and collapsed at the first touch.
Wen Tianxiang donated his family property and raised 50,000 militiamen to go to Beijing to serve the king. However, he was blocked by treacherous officials and his military power was lifted.
On the 18th day of the first lunar month in 1276, Boyan Yuan's army arrived at Gaoting Mountain, which was only 30 miles away from Lin'an. The right prime minister Chen Yizhong fled in fear of the enemy.
On the 19th day of the first lunar month, Wen Tianxiang, who was then the prefect of Lin'an, was ordered to be in danger. He was awarded the right prime minister by the imperial court and went to Gaoting Mountain to negotiate for surrender.
The powerful Empress Dowager Xie had given instructions that if the negotiation could be completed, the young emperor could be called nephew to Kublai Khan. If this was not possible, he would agree to call him grandson.
On the 20th of the first lunar month, Wen Tianxiang met with Boyan and said that he would only negotiate for peace, not surrender, and asked the Yuan army to withdraw its troops first and then negotiate.
Boyan was furious and detained Wen Tianxiang.
On the 21st of the first lunar month, Xie led the entire Southern Song Dynasty to surrender.
On the ninth day of the second lunar month in 1276, Wen Tianxiang, who was determined to refuse to surrender, was escorted by the Yuan army and set off for Dadu (today's Beijing).
While stopping in Zhenjiang on the way, Wen Tianxiang and his 12 companions planned to escape on the night of February 29th. After going through many hardships, they returned to their hometown in the Southern Song Dynasty by boat through Yizheng, Yangzhou, and Tongzhou (now Nantong).
While sailing in a roundabout way from north to south at the mouth of the Yangtze River, Wen Tianxiang wrote a sincere and touching poem "Yangtze River" on the boat: "I traveled to the North Sea with the wind for a few days and returned to the head of the Yangtze River.
My heart is like a magnetic needle, and I won’t rest until it guides me.”
Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyal heart will shine through history.
After more than two months of traveling, Wen Tianxiang finally returned to Wenzhou, Zhejiang.
After that, officials who refused to demote the Yuan Dynasty supported the younger brother of Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty, who had already demoted the Yuan Dynasty, as emperor, and established a small imperial court that was still surviving.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang led his army to support the end of the war. Finally, he was outnumbered. He was defeated at Wupoling in Haifeng, Guangdong on December 20, 1279, and was captured again.
The Yuan army escorted Wen Tianxiang and took the sea route through Lingdingyang outside the Pearl River Estuary to attack Yashan (now the sea area of ????Xinhui County, Guangdong Province), the last base of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Wen Tianxiang wrote "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" in the enemy ship. The famous line "Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will illuminate history." This poem comes from this poem.
The heaven and earth have righteousness and are mixed and endowed with manifolds.
On the first day of the tenth lunar month in 1279, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Dadu and placed in Guanyi.
Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, admired Wen Tianxiang's talents. He sent the surrendered Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty and many groups of surrendered ministers to persuade him. Wen Tianxiang was unmoved and sternly refused. He was later dismissed on October 5th. He was imprisoned in the Bingmasi cell (in Xue Hutong, Jinfu).
During his three years in prison, Wen Tianxiang wrote hundreds of poems and articles to express his patriotism.
In the summer of 1281, amidst the fumigation of the seven gases including heat, rottenness, and filth, Wen Tianxiang generously wrote the sonorous work "Song of Righteousness" that has been passed down through the ages and has a lasting impact in prison.
There is only a spirit of loyalty, and the blue sky is always filled with sorrow.
At the beginning of 1283, the Yuan Dynasty detected that someone had contacted thousands of people to raise troops to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty and rescue Wen Tianxiang.
On January 8, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, personally arraigned him, made his final attempt to persuade him to surrender, and promised to grant him the official position of prime minister.
Wen Tianxiang told Kublai Khan: "Besides death, there is nothing you can do."
On January 9, 1283, Wen Tianxiang died in Chai City, Dadu (now Jiaodaokou South Street, Beijing). ) died generously at the age of 48.