The Book of Songs
Boxi Xi, the country of Xi. Bo was also the first king.
From the east of Bo, my head is like a flying canopy. No ointment? Who is suitable for it!
It's raining, it's raining and the sun is shining. I am willing to talk, I am willing to take the first disease!
How to get the grass, say the back of the tree. I am willing to think about it, which makes me feel very uncomfortable!
This poem, with the tone of a stay-at-home woman, expresses deep thoughts for her husband who has not returned from the Anti-Japanese War, which can be said to be the beginning of the poem "in my heart forever" in China. The shocking artistic power of this poem comes from profoundly and realistically writing a woman's delicate inner world and showing her deep and loyal feelings for her husband.
This poem is lyrical and expressed in the following way.
Show how much you miss your husband with the beauty of his image. In the first chapter of the poem, the wife praises her husband: "Bo Xilai Xi, the country is great." Bo also holds shackles and is the forerunner of the king. "Her husband is burly, handsome, martial arts high strength, prominent position. On the one hand, it reflects the aesthetic concept of people at that time. From the appearance, being strong and tall is beauty; As far as temperament is concerned, being brave and strong is beautiful; As far as personality is concerned, it is beautiful to be able to fight well. " Zheng Fengshu Yutian: "Uncle is suitable for the wild, and there is no horse in the lane; It's better to be an uncle than to lead a horse. Beautiful and brave! "The hunters and soldiers here are brave and beautiful. Feng Qi and Lu Lingling: "Lu Lingling is beautiful and kind" and the beautiful and awkward Lu Chonghuan (Tong Quan and Yu); " Lv Chongluan is beautiful and arrogant (called wisdom) ". Associate beautiful appearance with beautiful quality. "Brave and good at fighting" in "Nan Zhou Rabbit" can be called "success after the palace". "The Wind and the Wolf Postscript": "The Wolf Postscript shows its beauty. Gong's skin is a little red. "Unexpectedly, Gongsun was" beautiful "by a fat wolf with a big belly and a long beard. Bo Xi's recruiter is tall and powerful, armed with two spears, acting as a pioneer officer. This is the image of a great man, and it is no wonder that his wife will miss him hard. On the other hand, it also reflects their deep affection. Because the wife loves her husband deeply, it is not easy to meet again after a long separation, and the image of her husband emerges in her mind, magnificent. Her boasting is different from Luo Fu's boasting about her husband's high status and good character in Shang Mo Sang, which is a means to deal with the monarch. It is also different from Zhang Ji's Ode to a Daughter in the Tang Dynasty, praising "a lover holding a halberd in the strong light", which is a clever way to refuse the employment of warlord Li Shidao. Kuafu in Bo Xi is equivalent to the description of his wife in Du Fu's Moonlit Night. Du Fu was captured to Chang 'an by the rebels of An Shi Rebellion. His wife and children who live in Zhangzhou are in a state of "clothes and knots" and "dirty feet without socks" (Northern Expedition). But Du Fu imagined the image of his wife as "clouds are fragrant and foggy, jade shoulders are cold and there is a moon". This is "beautiful words and sad feelings" (Wang Siyuan's Du Yi). Imagine that the more beautiful her husband is, the more affectionate she is, and the more lonely she is.
Use the ugliness of your own image to express the pain of missing. "I'm from my uncle's east, and my head looks like a flying canopy", and my unkempt appearance is nothing strange, but the author went on to say, "Who is suitable without ointment?" No modification is unintentional modification; Unintentional embellishment is not appreciated. As the saying goes, "women are self-centered", because they miss their husbands wholeheartedly and don't think about tea and rice, so they have no intention to dress up; Since my husband can't come back, who should I dress up for? The lazier her modality is, the more devoted her mind is, and the more faithful her love is. This feeling of thinking about women in Bo Xi is universal, so the works of thinking about women in later generations often follow the ancestors and adopt their methods. Wei Xu Gan's "Thinking Room Map": "From the monarch, it is dark in the mirror." Love Poetry: "Who am I proud of if you never come back?" Jin Yuefu's poem "Shang Qing Qu Ci Pan Yangzhi": "Since you came here, there has been no more spirit. Thrushcross doesn't care about your mouth, but what can you do? " Liu Song's filial piety, Emperor Wudi, "Permitted to Do": "Since you came out, Cui Jin has no essence. I miss you like the sun and the moon, living day and night. " Bao's "Inscription to Pedestrians": "Since you are out, you can't understand the face in the pavilion. Don't open the anvil at night, and often close the high door during the day. " Yong Yuzhi's From the King in the Tang Dynasty: "From the King, who knows the mirror?" ! According to legend, the Song family's Sauvignon Blanc in the Tang Dynasty also wrote: "Sauvignon Blanc, after a long separation. The mountain is blocked and the wind and smoke are gone. The mirror on the stage was sold and the words in the sleeve were destroyed. I have never been happy without seeing you. " The Taiyuan woman's "Send Ouyang Zhan" has changed a way, and its idea is one: "After leaving, I lost face, half thinking about Lang and half hating Lang. If you want to know what the old cloud is like, open the slave's gold box. " It is precisely because of the typicality of women's thoughts and feelings in Wave and its earliest appearance and great influence in the history of literature that it was used for reference by later works.
To imagine the beauty of the realm, to show the firmness of the mind. In the third and fourth chapters of the poem, I miss my husband and have a firm will. "It's raining, it's raining, and the sun is out." Zhu said to him, "I hope those who are competent will talk about it. I hope it rains, but it suddenly rises, so I hope that the gentleman will return. " (Biography of Poetry, Volume 3) She was full of hope, but it didn't come true, which disappointed her. The greater the gap between things and wishes, the greater her disappointment. "The Sun Comes Out" is a beautiful scene, which makes her more anxious than Sifu's sadness. On the basis of polarizing her yearning for pain, the poet did not complain or forgive herself. Instead, I take pleasure in suffering and worry as fast as I can. I am willing to think of my husband and take the first step. I would rather miss my husband to the point of headache than change my mind. The last chapter of the poem illustrates this meaning from another angle. I hope there is grass that can make people forget their troubles and plant it in front of Beitang, but where does this girl without sorrow come from? Since I can't solve my troubles, I have come up with a heart disease and am willing to miss my husband. The similarity between the third chapter and the fourth chapter is that she wants to change the state of separation between husband and wife, but objectively she can't satisfy it. If we can't meet, we won't change our original intention. It all starts with wishes, then comes to reality, and finally comes down to persistent ideas. The literary situation is easy to grasp and easy to move. The difference is that the third chapter wants her husband to come back to relieve her troubles, while the fourth chapter tries to get rid of it. The result of both is disappointment, her husband can't come back, and she can't cure her worries, so her feelings are progressive step by step: "I am willing to take the first disease" to "make my heart uncomfortable". "The Sun Comes Out" and "It's Raining" show the contradiction between subjective desire and reality, and reflect the husband's desire to come back. "How did you get the grass? You mean the back of the tree" is a tortuous expression that you know your husband is not coming back and want to cure your worries with things. This is also a way for you to express your worries. Contrast before and after, suppressing before promoting, playing hard to get, is more touching than rendering or exaggeration.
The thoughtful woman in Bo Xi is the wife of a humble military attache. Her husband holds the position of "the former king", and she usually has the conditions of "ointment bath" and lives in the house of "Beitang" ("back"). Therefore, it is different from Feng Wang Gentleman in Service. It is written by working women who are completely at the bottom of society and miss their husbands in service. The gentleman in service is natural, simple, sincere and touching. In the era when Bo Xi came into being, social productive forces were not developed enough, and everyone in society had a close relationship with agricultural production. Therefore, the ideological women in Bo are still different from the aristocratic women of later generations in their living conditions and ideological interests. Bo's vigorous and fresh breath still shines with the elegance of folk songs. There are obvious differences in theme and theme between Li Qingzhao's "Climbing the Phoenix Platform" and "Bo Xi". Bo's words are straightforward, while Li's words are euphemistic. In "Bo", it is said that "I am willing to miss Bo, which makes my heart bitter", while Li Ci is "afraid of leaving my arms and suffering, and wants to say nothing." When I first arrived, I was thin, not dry wine, not sad autumn, and my feelings were hidden and subtle. Bo Xi is concise and Li Ci is dense. "Bo" narrates his melancholy, which can only be summarized by the sentence "I'm from Uncle Dong, and my head is like a flying canopy", while Li Ci narrates it layer by layer: "The fragrance is cold and golden, and the waves turn red. Get up, comb your hair, and let Bao hang the curtain with dust. "The incense of the lion-shaped copper stove has been exhausted, but it is still unintentional, and it is still unwilling to take care of it; After getting up, I'm too lazy to comb my hair or decorate it. I covered the mirror table with dust and closed it. Bo is fresh, and Li's handwriting is slender. The natural objects in the whole life, such as "the sun" and "the grass" in Bo's works, are full of natural flavor, while the furnishings in Li's poems are elegant, the articles used are luxurious, and life is very leisurely, revealing rich scenes. It can be seen that although Li Qingzhao's ci originated from Bo, its identity, life experience and circumstances are different from those of thinking about women in Bo, so its diction is not interesting. However, it can also be seen that Bo, as the earliest poem of funeral march in China, with its positive ideological content and ingenious artistic means, has had a far-reaching impact on the poetry creation of funeral march and Gong Yu in later generations, and it still has cognitive significance and aesthetic value for today's readers.