The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in ancient China. * * * There were 365,438+065,438+0 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (from the 10th century to the 6th century BC), among which 6 poems were Sheng poems, that is, poems with only titles but no contents were called Sheng poems. It reflects the social outlook of about 500 years from the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Zhou Dynasty. The author of The Book of Songs is anonymous, and most of them cannot be verified. They were collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius.
In the pre-Qin period, the Book of Songs was called "The Book of Songs", or it was called "The Book of Songs 300" by integers. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.
"Wind" contains folk songs from fifteen places, including Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places, most of which are folk songs from the Yellow River valley. Most polished folk songs are called "Fifteen Kingdoms Style", with 160 songs, which is the core content of The Book of Songs.
"Wind" means country wind, which means local music. Nan Zhou and Zhao Nan in The Book of Songs refer to the folk songs of the upper and lower places. The Wind of Fifteen Kingdoms is the general name of folk songs from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (1 1 century to the 6th century). Except for a few carols, most of them are ballads that criticize current politics and reflect sufferings. It is an important carrier of commercial and cultural exchanges in The Book of Songs.
Elegance includes 3 1 article Elegance, 74 Xiaoya articles, and *** 105 articles. Most of them are the works of court officials and nobles. Elegant is mostly the works of the lower class aristocrats at that time. Its content describes the political gains and losses of the country, condemns the decadent and dissolute aristocratic rule, and has a distinct political tendency. Most of "Elegance" is the works of the royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the nobles of the vassal states, while some of the works in "Xiaoya" are the works of the middle and lower classes.
These works basically reflect the interests of the middle nobility, but some of them reveal disappointment and dissatisfaction. Mainly produced in the late Western Zhou Dynasty to before and after the eastward movement. As far as its age is concerned, it is basically the early works from King Wu to Wang Ping. As far as editors are concerned, there are Lu Shi edited by his disciples, Qi Shi edited by Shen Pei, Han Shi edited by Yuan Gu and Mao Shi edited by Liu Xiang. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qi, Lu and Han died successively, and Mao Shi has been passed down to this day.
Ode is a sacrificial music, which is divided into 3 1 Zhou Song, 4 truffles, 5 commercial songs and 40 * * *. They are music songs and epics sacrificed in ancestral halls, and the content is mostly to praise the merits of ancestors. Fu is mainly music in which nobles worship ghosts and gods in temples and praise the merits of rulers. The person who plays this kind of music is a professional wizard.