(Wang Zhihuan's "In the Heron Villa") 2. A thousand miles' journey ("Lao Zi" Chapter 64) 3. Why do Qiang people blame Liu Shu?
(Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci) 4. Its meaning is often repeated. (Sima Qian's Historical Records and Biography of Xiang Yu) 5. Disasters are often accumulated in small amounts.
(Ouyang Xiu's Biography of Lingguan) 6. Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake. (Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion) 7. Fools always worry a lot.
("Yanzi Chunqiu Miscellaneous Articles") 8. The old man is old, and so is the old man. ("Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang") 9. But how much love does this inch of grass have?
(Meng Jiao's Ode to a Wanderer) 10. No one has died since ancient times. (Wen Tianxiang) 1 1. Doesn't mean the south won't rest.
(Wen Tianxiang's Yangtze River) 12. But let Liuzhou fly in. (Wang Changling's levee) 13. After that, everyone is happy.
(Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower).
2. Find the topics of historical pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties ~ ~ 1, multiple-choice questions1. The previously recorded human history is () A Stone Age B Prehistoric Age C Clan Commune D Early Homo sapiens 2. The following sites found in China that do not belong to early homo sapiens are () A. Beijingers B. Maba people C. Changyang people D. Dingcun people 3. The following sites found in China that do not belong to late Homo sapiens are () A.
Answer questions 4-6: 4 according to what you have learned. The following cultural remains do not belong to the Yellow River Basin: () A. Yangshao culture B. Longshan culture C. Hongshan Culture D. Dawenkou culture 5. The following cultural remains do not belong to the Yangtze River Basin (A. Liangzhu Culture B. Majiayao Culture C. Hemudu Culture D. Qingliangang Culture 6. Hemudu culture is characterized by () A. Jade. Column building 7. In matriarchal society, the invention of () was a great achievement of handmade leek at that time, and it was the first time that human beings changed the nature of natural objects to achieve the purpose of being used by people. A. Pottery B. Stone tools C. Jade D. Bow and arrow 8 In the early 1920s, the trend of suspecting the ancient times under the banner of () rose. Reflection on China's traditional culture. A. the debate on ancient history. B. Return to the third generation. C. modern science. D. a well-off society. 9. The following statement about the transformation from matrilineal clan society to paternal clan society is incorrect. () A: This is a slow process. B. the form of marriage changes accordingly. C. changes in the property inheritance system. D. this change is caused by changes in economic relations. In the legend of ancient China society, there was a saying that () tasted a hundred herbs. "Farming and pottery making" invented the primitive pottery making industry; Teaching people to farm, primitive agriculture and culture appeared. A. Huangdi B. Fuxi C. Yan Di D. Tang Yao? 2? 1 1. "Han Feizi" contains: "Ancient people ate melons and clams, which made people stink and caused many diseases. Some saints made it, drilling a fire to make it stink. " The ancient inhabitants of China who knew how to drill fire were equivalent to () A. Yuanmou B. Lantian C. Beijingers D. Neanderthals 12. "Today's avenue is hidden, and the world is home. Everyone is close to his relatives, each is his son, and the goods are his own. Adults think it is a gift."
The correct understanding or evaluation of this sentence is: (1) heredity becomes a kind of slavery; 2) the establishment of slavery; 3) the end of primitive society; 4) historical progress; a) 1234 b； 123C 134D234 13; Studying the architectural history of China more than 5,000 years ago and its religious significance, the cultural sites that provide us with important physical materials are () A. Qujialing Culture B. Liangzhu Culture C. Hongshan Culture D Banpo Culture II. Noun explanation 1. Beijingers II. Neanderthal 3. Liangzhu culture iv. Yangshao culture. Clan commune 6. Zen seven. Hemudu culture 8. Hongshan Culture's answer analysis 1. B analysis of this. Option a, human beings use stone tools as their main labor tools, which is called the Stone Age in archaeology.
Option b, the human history recorded before is prehistoric, is the correct answer. Option c, clans and communes are the basic units of primitive society, and they are social organizations based on public ownership of the means of production and linked by blood and clan.
Option d, the middle paleolithic period in archaeology, is called the early homo sapiens stage in anthropology. 2. Archaeological analysis of the middle paleolithic period is called the early homo sapiens stage by anthropology.
Option A, Beijingers belong to the early Paleolithic period, and do not belong to this range. The other three sites are in the middle paleolithic period, that is, the early homo sapiens stage.
3. Archaeological analysis of the late Paleolithic period is called the late Homo sapiens stage by anthropology. Option d, Dali people belong to the early homo sapiens, and do not belong to this range.
4.C Analysis The Hongshan Culture of Item C is mainly found in the northern Yanshan Mountains, the upper reaches of Daling River and the Liaohe River Basin, but not in the Yellow River Basin. 5.b Analysis Majiayao culture is the culture of the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the late Neolithic period, named after the first discovery of Majiayao in Lintao, Gansu.
6.d Hemudu Culture Analysis The most distinctive feature is a pile-framed dry-enclosed building that is higher than the ground. In addition, it should be noted that water well remains were found in the site, which is the earliest known water well remains in China. 7. The invention of pottery accords with this problem.
The invention of pottery was of great significance at that time. At that time, the invention of pottery was directly related to the settled life, which not only satisfied people's use, but also drew various patterns and ornamentation, as well as some symbols similar to words, which attracted the attention of collectors. 8. An Analysis Since the late Qing Dynasty, intellectuals in China have been influenced by western culture. Mr. Gu Jiegang put forward the viewpoint that "the ancient history of China is caused by layers" and initiated the school of "Debate on Ancient History".
9 D 10。 C the purpose of analyzing this problem is to examine the memory of characters in ancient legends. Yan Di, surnamed Jiang.
Because fire is king and the enemy is emperor. Teach people to farm and make calendars, and respect them as Shennong.
Easy to gossip, teach people to weave nets, fish and hunt. The name of the Yellow Emperor is Xuanyuan, which has the virtue of the earth, so it is called the Yellow Emperor.
Candidates must carefully distinguish the main deeds of each character, so that it is not easy to lose points. 1 1.d analysis of this question first aims to examine the basic skills of candidates in classical Chinese, that is, which era should candidates summarize? 3? The age of fire is the premise of answering this question, and then you can know that option D meets the meaning of the question by comparing the options.
12. This sentence comes from Confucius' Book of Rites. Now that morality is no longer practiced, the world has become a family, and each family is like a family. Each family raises its own children, food and materials belong to itself, and aristocratic hereditary system is the social norm. It means: in the society at that time, hereditary system has replaced abdication as a ritual system, clan system collapsed, private ownership appeared, primitive society ended, slavery was established, and mankind began to enter the civilized era, which is a historical progress.
13.C 1。 The multiple-choice question l defeated Hu, which means that the Xia Dynasty stabilized its political power and stood firm in the battle. () A. The battle of singing B. The battle of Gansu C. The battle of Makino D. Erlitou culture is a major discovery in the archaeological history of China and has great significance. According to what you have learned, answer 2~4 questions: 2. The discovery and research of Erlitou culture and related archaeological sites have been the focus of historians in recent years.
Erlitou culture.
3. Classical Chinese is better than chaos in the world, and saints avoid the world.
Huang Qi Shangshan, Iraqis also died. Immersed in the trace, the path is destroyed.
I am destined to farm, and I will rest from where I am. Mulberry and bamboo hang in the shade, and millet prepares art.
Spring silkworms collect silk, and autumn ripe silkworms are taxed. The deserted road warms the traffic, and chickens and dogs bark at each other.
Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new. Children and grandchildren sing, and they are happy in vain.
Grass glory knows peace, and wood decay knows strength. Although there is no Ji Lizhi, he is four years old.
Why bother to entangle wisdom when you are happy! Strange traces hide 500, and once a fairy opens them. Being thin is both a different source and a secluded source.
Excuse me, travel alchemist, how to measure the hubbub? I would like to whisper, hold high, and ask me to make an appointment. Tao Yuanming wrote the Peach Blossom Garden in prose and poetry.
"Peach Blossom Garden" mainly describes the fisherman's access to the Peach Blossom Garden and what he saw and heard there. Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden tells the peace and tranquility of people's lives in Peach Blossom Garden in a poet's tone. Taohuayuan's poems are rich in content, which is very helpful for us to understand Tao Yuanming's intention and ideal of life in describing Taohuayuan, and it is worth reading with Taohuayuan.
Now the Peach Blossom Garden poem is transcribed as follows: Yuan family was in chaos, and sages avoided it. Huang Qi Mountain, Iraqis also died.
Immersed in the trace, the path is destroyed. I am destined to farm, and I will rest when I enter.
Mulberry and bamboo are shaded, millet is prepared for art, spring silkworm is harvested, and autumn silkworm is taxed.
A deserted road warms the traffic, and chickens and dogs bark at each other. Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new.
Children and grandchildren sing, and they are happy in vain. Grass tea knows harmony, wood rot knows wind.
Although there is no Ji Lizhi, he is four years old. When you are happy, why bother with wisdom?
Strange traces have been hidden for 500 years, once our god. Pure and thin are different sources, rotating or hidden.
Excuse me, travel alchemist, how to measure the hubbub? I would like to whisper, hold high, and ask me to make an appointment.
The first paragraph, describing and explaining the origin of Taohuayuan people, has the same meaning as that recorded in "The Story of Taohuayuan", that is, "the ancestors of Ziyun avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led their wives to this desperate situation, so they were separated from outsiders". However, this poem specifically lists the examples of Huang () and Qi (Qili Chicken) going up the mountain when they avoided Qin, so as to imply that the people in the Peach Blossom Garden have the same interests as these ancient sages, or that these sages took them to the Peach Blossom Garden.
The second paragraph introduces the life scenes of people in the Peach Blossom Garden. First write that people in the Peach Blossom Garden take part in labor, work at sunrise and rest at sunset.
"Let's work together" means greeting each other and working hard. "Autumn tax collection" means that when the autumn harvest comes, the fruits of labor belong to the workers and there is no need to pay taxes to the government, indicating that there is no feudal exploitation and oppression.
Then write that people live in harmony, still maintaining ancient etiquette, and clothes are also ancient styles. The children sang heartily and the old man played freely.
Finally, I wrote that everything there was natural and comfortable. With the natural changes of seasons, we can adjust our life and work, so we don't even need a calendar, let alone try our best to think and disturb.
In the third paragraph, the poet expressed his views and feelings. "Five hundred people lived in seclusion" means that from the Qin Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, people in the Peach Blossom Garden lived in seclusion for 500 years (roughly speaking, it was actually about 600 years).
"Once upon a time" means that the Peach Blossom Garden was discovered by fishermen, revealing the secrets of this fairytale world. "Seclusion" means that the Peach Blossom Garden was cut off from the outside world as soon as it opened, which is what the Peach Blossom Garden story said.
When people read this, they often think that since the fisherman left the Peach Blossom Garden, he has been "full of ambition". How can he never find it again? If you carefully read the poem Peach Blossom Spring, you will find that the poet has answered this question, that is, "thinness and thinness are different sources", which means that the shallowness of secular life in Peach Blossom Spring and the simplicity of folk customs are incompatible and absolutely different. Just imagine, if it is really in such a peach blossom garden, and it is really discovered by Liu Ziji and others, can it still exist independently? At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wars were frequent, corvees were heavy and people fled.
The poet's description of people's lives in the Peach Blossom Garden is so peaceful and harmonious, which is a denial of the dark reality. For thousands of years, I don't know how many people have discussed the existence of Peach Blossom Garden.
Some people say that when they fled the chaos, many people really went to the deep mountains and wild forests and lived an ideal life in the hinterland. But can this ideal be equated with Peach Blossom Garden? Obviously not, because the life scene in the Peach Blossom Garden is idealized by the poet.
"If you ask a wandering alchemist, how can you measure the noise outside?" It means that ordinary people in the world can't really understand the life scenes outside the hubbub (Peach Blossom Garden). "I am willing to whisper, and hands in the air will look for my contract."
This is a romantic expression of the poet's feelings. It means that I hope I can take off in the breeze and pursue like-minded people (obviously including ancient sages and people in the Peach Blossom Garden mentioned at the beginning of the poem).
Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming said: "Yuan Ming doesn't know the melody, but he is guarding a stringed piano, which is suitable for every wine and needs to be fondled to convey his feelings." You can't play the string piano. You play with it to "convey its meaning" and describe a beautiful paradise. Although it is out of reach in reality, it is just to "convey its meaning."
From the above simple analysis, Peach Blossom Garden Poetry is indeed more specific and detailed than Peach Blossom Garden in some aspects. Peach Blossom Garden is limited to what fishermen have seen and heard. Fishermen have not stayed in Taohuayuan for a long time and have limited knowledge.
Peach Blossom Garden poetry is more flexible and free, and it is also convenient for poets to express their feelings directly. Therefore, if you read Peach Blossom Spring, you have to read Peach Blossom Spring Poetry. It should be noted that some people think that it is a negative retrogression to praise "ancient law" instead of "wisdom" in Taohuayuan's poems.
This is not really understanding the original intention of the poet's writing. The so-called "ancient law", although a kind of sustenance, expresses the simple yearning for ancient society, rather than reversing history; The so-called "why use wisdom" is actually an expression of hatred and negation of intrigue and intrigue in secular life.
As pointed out by predecessors, Tao Yuanming is a man who is "interested in the world" and "wants to do but not do it". He has his own ideals, which can't be realized. This is the essence of his thought. We must pay attention to this when reading his works. The tyranny of Qin Shihuang disturbed human discipline, so the sages fled the world and lived in seclusion. Huang Qi and others fled from troubled times, and lived in goodness at the end of Qin Dynasty.
People in the Peach Blossom Garden are also reclusive. Into the peach blossom.
4. Is there a grammatical difference between the classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period and the classical Chinese in the Qing Dynasty? This phenomenon does exist, but it cannot be generalized.
The obscure classical Chinese, such as the wolf in a serial, is indeed more difficult to understand than many classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period. Mainly because classical Chinese is also a kind of writing after all, and writing is used to record language.
If the ancients intend to create a word to record what they say every day, then the words and grammar created by the ancients must be consistent with their daily words, otherwise they will find trouble for themselves, which is not in line with their purpose of coining words. In other words, in fact, at least in the pre-Qin period, classical Chinese was the vernacular Chinese that people said every day.
The Analects of Confucius, for example, is that Confucius' disciples remember and record what the teacher said before his death, which is equivalent to the record of Confucius' daily speech. So at that time, only some vocabulary usage of classical Chinese was unfamiliar to us, and some words didn't change much and didn't even need translation.
However, after the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the gradual evolution of spoken language, language and writing gradually deviated from each other and became bigger and bigger. By the Qing Dynasty, they were completely different. The spoken language of the Qing Dynasty is very close to ours now, but the classical Chinese needs special study, which is suppressed by feudal culture and imprisoned by thoughts, reaching the peak of the eight-part essay in the imperial examination, resulting in many pedantic literati deliberately writing the classical Chinese very difficult and unable to speak human words.
Deliberately choose those extremely obscure words to express knowledge. For example, Kong Yiji in Lu Xun's novels is an example. There are several ways to write fennel to show off fennel beans. Can such a person write classical Chinese well? To put it simply, what was said at that time was the pre-Qin classical Chinese, and it was not necessary to write it out in words. In the case of the separation of spoken and written language, later generations wrote classical Chinese to write written language, and some people went to extremes in the Qing Dynasty, which is why some classical Chinese in the Qing Dynasty were extremely difficult to understand without speaking human words.
Answer by hand. Please accept it if you are satisfied. Thank you.
5. Senior Chinese requires four essays, which are odd and single-line, and don't talk about dual temperament. Parallel prose prevailed after Wei and Jin Dynasties, paying attention to duality, neat syntax and gorgeous words. Su Chuo opposed the flashy style of parallel prose in the late Northern Dynasties, and imitated the style of Shangshu to write Dayu, thinking that the article was a standardized genre, called "ancient prose", that is, writing articles in the prose language of the pre-Qin Dynasty. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and so on. It is advocated to restore the tradition of rich content, free length, plain and smooth prose in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, that is, to call such prose ancient prose. After writing Ouyang Sheng's Mourning, Han Yu said, "The more ancient it is, the worse it is to read its sentences. You can't see the ancients, but learn the ancient road. " Teacher Shuo said: "Li, ... is good at ancient Chinese prose and six arts. He studies in his spare time regardless of time." They all formally put forward the names of ancient Chinese prose, which were used by later generations. The outstanding ancient prose writers in the Tang Dynasty, although calling for retro, are full of innovative spirit. They not only emphasize the importance of "Tao", but also attach great importance to the role of "Wen", advocating creation, advocating that "only the ancient words must be their own" and "Wen follows the words to know his duties" (Han Yu's Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu). The ancient prose they wrote is actually a new type of prose, which was extracted from the spoken language at that time and became a new written language. It has its own personality and the reality of the times, some of which are more difficult but not mainstream. He Jingming, who advocated that "literature should be in Qin and Han Dynasties" in Ming Dynasty, said: "The prose in Sui Dynasty was invincible, Li Han revived, and the ancient prose method died in North Korea" (On Poetry with Kong Li). It can be seen from this sentence that Han Yu's so-called ancient prose is different from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, which has both inheritance and innovation.
6. "Talking about the relationship between pre-Qin prose and ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties from the perspective of text structure, I saw this question pop up in my mind: the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties were relatively prosperous, but literature and historical philosophy have never been separated, and pure literary prose is rare. The ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties is a return to the prose style in pre-Qin period. After the prevalence of parallel prose, the ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties was separated from Confucian classics and philosophy, and turned from application to literariness. Prose in Tang and Song Dynasties further broke away from the bondage of temperament and broke many artificial frameworks, and a new style, ancient prose, came into being, which was closer to life and more suitable for the progress of the times and the development of language. Prose has changed from a philosophy attached to classics and history to an independent literary genre, and writers can freely use it to imitate mountains and rivers and express their feelings.
O (╯ ╰) o To be honest, I want to know the answer, too ... Let me know when you find the answer, thank you.
7. The classical Chinese answer to the original "three on" article
Although Qian Sihong (1) is getting richer, his hobbies are getting less and less. When I was in Xiluo, I tasted the language and family. I said that I was only good at reading, reading the history of classics when I was sitting, reading novels when I was lying down, and reading fine print when I went to the toilet. The cover has never been released in an instant.
Xie also said: Duke Song hangs in the history museum and takes a book with him every time he goes to the toilet. The voice of irony is loud and clear, and he is eager to learn from it. I am deeply interested in it. Most of the articles I have written in my life are on the third day, immediately, on the pillow and in the toilet. Gaiwei, in particular, can belong to Si Er.
To annotate ...
(1) Qian Sigong: Qian is one of the representative writers of the Kunxi School in the Northern Song Dynasty. Xie (Xie Jiang) and Song Gong Hammer (Song Shou) mentioned below are also famous for their literature.
(2) Xiluo: Xijing Luoyang.
(3) Taste: once.
(4) language: telling.
(5) Family members: auxiliary government officials.
(6) Novel: refers to hundreds of works in the pre-Qin period and various miscellaneous notes later.
(7) Small words: short poems.
(8) Lang Ran: The voice is crisp.
(9) soil science: very studious.
(10) Song Gong Chui: Song Shou, with a rich collection of books, is famous for reading Minhui's strong notes.
(1 1) Classics: Classics, history books.
(12) Xie: Xie Jiang, a friend of Ouyang Xiu.
(13) reason: so.
translate
Although Qian Sigong was born in a rich family, he had no hobbies. I told my family in Xijing Luoyang that I only like reading in my life. Read classics while sitting, read all kinds of miscellaneous notes while lying in bed, and read short poems when going to the toilet. I won't leave the book for about half an hour.
Xie also said: Song Gongchui is also in the Institute of History, and he always carries a book when he goes to the toilet. His voice is crisp, he can be heard far and near, and he is also so eager to learn. So I told Shen that most of the articles I wrote in my life were on the third floor, that is, immediately, on the pillow and in the toilet. Probably only these places can be conceived.
realize
The author introduces the reading stories of Qian and Song Shou, and supplements his writing experience of "Trinity". The purpose is to tell us that success comes from diligence, and only concentration can achieve something.
8. List the reading articles and answers in classical Chinese.
There are no donkeys in Guizhou, but there are good people on board. At best, it's useless Let it go down the mountain. When the tiger saw it, he thought it was a monster and a god. Peeping through the Woods, you can observe closely, but you can't know each other.
One day, the donkey will scream, and the tiger will be frightened and run away, thinking that it will bite itself, which is very scary. However, if you look at it, it doesn't make any difference. I learned its sound, and I was close to it, but I was afraid to fight. A little closer, favorable, swaying, galloping, and the donkey's hoof is angry. The tiger was very happy and said, "Stop it!" " He broke his throat because he jumped off the building and tried his best to leave.
1. Explain the meaning of adding words in the following sentences. (2 points)
(1) Peek in the forest (2) Approaching (gradually)
(3) Think and bite yourself (bite)
Get used to the sound (gradually or more)
)
2. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese. (2 points)
The tiger was very happy and said, "Stop it!" "
The tiger was so happy that he thought about the donkey's skill and thought, "That's all he can do."
Please fill in "I'm used to the sound, and the front and back are very close, but I dare not fight." Omitted words in sentences. (3 points)
(Tiger) Learn its voice, approach (it or donkey) back and forth, and finally dare not hit (it or donkey).
Please use the original sentence to write down the process of the tiger approaching the donkey in the space below. (4 points)
The tiger looks at it-closer-look left and right-closer and closer-(closer) swinging and tilting.
5. Write idioms evolved from this story (2 points)
Monsters, donkey skills, donkey skills.
6. Explain the meaning of adding words in the following sentences. (2 points)
(1) Tiger is frightened (frightened) (2) People who feel no difference (skill)
(3) The donkey was furious (unbearable) (4) Plan (calculation)
7. Write the meaning of "If it's useless, let it go down the mountain" in modern Chinese. (2 points)
It was useless to transport it, so I put it (donkey) at the foot of the mountain.
8. Read the text and write the words that show the donkey's skills. (2 points)
One hoof at a time.
9. This paper vividly describes a series of actions of the tiger, and gives an example to talk about what kind of psychology it depicts. (2 points)
There is no unified answer, for example: (1) When the tiger first saw the donkey, "cover" and "peep" outlined the tiger's curiosity, desire to find out the truth and fear. (2) "The donkey barks" and the tiger "scares" and "flees", which further depicts the tiger's fear. (3) From "approaching", "seeing", "approaching before and after going out" to "bluffing", it can be seen that the tiger is bold and cautious. (4) The sentences such as "jump near", "break its throat", "try your best" and "fly away" write the tiger's crisp and neat mentality.
10. The moral of this article can be understood from many angles. Please talk about your feelings from any angle (at least from two aspects) according to your own understanding. (4 points)
There is no unified answer to the meaning (1). Example: (1) From the perspective of "the donkey is eaten by the tiger": satirize incompetent and arrogant people; (2) According to the author's political experience, the irony of this article is that the upper class in the ruling group at that time were all high-ranking officials and generous, bullying the weak and fearing the hard, lacking talent and virtue, and being strong outside and weak inside. (3) Understand the moral of this article from the perspective of "the tiger eats the donkey": you must have your own opinions according to the content in the article. (4 points, 2 points each. )