The usage of punctuation marks, punctuation marks are symbols used to express sentence reading and mood in writing, and are part of written language, used to express pause, mood and the nature and function of words. Let's look at the usage of punctuation marks.
Usage of punctuation marks in Chinese characters 1 1. Introduction to usage of punctuation marks
The usage of punctuation marks is a national standard issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the State Standardization Administration Committee. This standard specifies the name, form and usage of punctuation marks. This standard plays an important auxiliary role in Chinese writing norms and is suitable for Chinese written language. Foreign languages and scientific and technological circles can also refer to it.
Punctuation marks are divided into two categories: dot and label.
The role of the dot is to break, mainly indicating the pause and tone when speaking. Point the end point and the middle point of a sentence. The dot at the end of the sentence is used at the end of the sentence to indicate the pause at the end of the sentence and the mood of the sentence, including a period, a question mark and an exclamation point. Dots in sentences are used in sentences to indicate various pauses in sentences, including commas, pauses, semicolons and colons.
The function of labels is to show, mainly to show the specific properties and functions of some components (mainly words). Include quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, separators, book titles, proper names and separators.
Second, some easily misused punctuation notes.
(a) There is usually no pause between the juxtaposed elements marked with quotation marks and between the juxtaposed elements marked with book titles. If other elements are inserted between parallel quotation marks or between parallel book titles (such as quotations or book titles followed by enclosed notes), pause should be used.
Example 1: "day" and "month" form the word "Ming".
Example 2: Banners such as "Customer is God" and "Quality is Life" are hung in the store.
Example 3: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Journey to the West's Water Margin are the four classics of China's novels.
Ex. 4: Li Bai's "White Hair 3,000 Zhang" (Song of Autumn Pu) and "Although it is dark in the morning, it turns to snow at night" (Drinking) are both famous poems.
(2) When a colon is used after an suggestive utterance, the following situations are caused. Seemingly similar but not suggestive, followed by a comma.
Example 1: Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics records: "There is a Tang Shuyu Temple in the pillow water in the west of the marsh." (suggestive words)
According to Suzhou's records, there are more than 150 gardens in Suzhou, which is a veritable garden city. (Non-suggestive words)
(three) indicate the nationality or dynasty of the author, you can use square brackets or hexagonal brackets.
Example 1: Huxley's theory of evolution and ethics
Example 2:[ Tang] Du Fu
(4) When using Arabic numerals, Latin letters or Roman numerals without brackets as ordinal numbers, add a dot after them (this symbol is a punctuation mark in a foreign language).
Example 1: In short, language has three social functions: 1, transmitting information and exchanging ideas; 2. Determine the relationship and adjust the relationship; 3. Organize life and production.
Example 2: This lesson1* * explains three main points: A, physiological pause; B, logical pause; C, grammar pause.
(5) Indicates the start and end of related items (such as time and region) or numerical range (composed of Arabic numerals or Chinese characters), generally with single line, sometimes with wavy line. The house number, telephone number and Arabic numerals of year, month and day are all marked with a short horizontal line "-".
Example 1: Shen Kuo (1031-1095) was born in the Song Dynasty.
Example 2: May 2020 1-30
Example 3: Beijing-Shanghai Express Bus
Example 4: 25 ~ 30g
Example 5: Lesson 5 ~ 8
Example 6: Room 3-2- 1 1, No.68 Xingning Road
Example 7: Tel: 020-38776386
Example 8: May 30th, 2020
Thirdly, the position and writing form of punctuation marks.
(a) horizontal manuscripts
1, period, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are all placed after the corresponding text, occupying the position of a word, ranking at the lower left and not appearing at the beginning of the line.
2. The question mark and exclamation mark are placed behind the corresponding word, occupying a word position, occupying the left side and not appearing at the beginning of the line. When two question marks (or exclamation marks) overlap, they occupy a word position; When three question marks (or exclamation marks) overlap, they occupy two words; When question marks and exclamation marks are used together, they occupy the position of a word.
3. The quotation marks, brackets and the title of the book are marked at the two ends of the corresponding entry, each occupying a word position. The first half does not appear at the end of the line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of the line.
4. The corresponding items are marked with dashes, occupying the position of two words, centered up and down, and cannot be separated from the end of the uplink and the head of the downlink.
5. Ellipsis occupies two digits, and when two ellipsis are used together, it occupies four digits and must occupy a single line. The ellipsis cannot break the end of the uplink and the head of the downlink.
6. The short horizontal line in the hyphen is slightly shorter than the Chinese character "one", occupying half a word position; A word line is slightly longer than the Chinese character "one", occupying a word position; The wavy line occupies the position of a word. The hyphen is centered up and down and does not appear at the beginning of the line.
7. The interval number is marked between the items to be separated, occupying the position of half a word, centered up and down, and does not appear at the beginning of the line.
8. Bullets and proper nouns are marked at the bottom of the corresponding text.
9. Delimiters occupy half a word and do not appear at the beginning or end of a line.
10. When punctuation marks are arranged at the end of a line, if they are full-width characters, they should occupy the width of half-width characters (that is, the position of half a word) to make the visual effect more beautiful.
1 1. In the actual editing and publishing work, in order to meet the needs of beautiful typesetting and easy reading, or to avoid the situation that the last Chinese character in a section moves to another line or appears at the beginning of another page (wasting layout and poor visual effect), the space occupied by punctuation marks can be appropriately compressed.
(2) Vertical manuscript
1, period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are all placed on the right side of the corresponding text.
2. Dashes, ellipsis, hyphen, interval and separator are placed in the center below the corresponding text and arranged in the up and down direction.
3. The quotation marks are changed to double quotation marks and single quotation marks, and the parentheses are changed to ︵ ︶ ﹄ ︶ ︶ ︶ ︶ ︶ ︶ ︶.
4. Use the wavy title ""in the vertical manuscript and mark it on the left side of the corresponding text.
5. Bullets are marked on the right side of the corresponding text, and proper names are marked on the left side of the corresponding text.
6. The requirement that some punctuation in horizontal draft cannot be at the beginning or end of a line also applies to vertical draft.
Text punctuation usage 2 Setting the background
Usage of Punctuation Symbols (GB/T/KOOC-0/5834-20/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/) is approved by/KOOC-0/995 (GB/T/KOOC-0/5834-/KOOC-0/995). With the development of the times, great changes have taken place in social life, and the original standard needs to be revised according to actual use and social needs.
Standard plan
On July 5, 2006, the national standard plan "Usage of Punctuation" (20065775-T-360) was issued, and the project period was 24 months. This standard is declared and implemented by the Language Information Management Department of the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC), and the competent department is the Language Information Management Department of the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC).
take advice
On April 13, 2009, the Office of Shandong Language and Literature Committee organized a forum for soliciting opinions on four standards, such as the Usage of Punctuation Symbols. The participants mainly included experts from Shandong Normal University, Shandong University and other universities, Chinese teachers from Shandong Vocational Education College, Experimental Middle School and the primary school affiliated to Shandong Normal University, and representatives from the press and publishing circles such as Popular Newspaper Group and Shandong Education Press. Relevant staff of the Language Information Management Department of the Ministry of Education, Shandong Language Committee Office and members of the standard-setting group attended the forum. The participants put forward opinions and suggestions on the revision of the draft of the four standards from different angles, and exchanged and discussed with the members of the standard-setting group.
Release and implementation
On February 30th, 20 1 1, the national standard Usage of Punctuations (GB/T15834-2011) was jointly issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the State Standardization Administration of China.
On June/day, 2065438, the national standard "Usage of Punctuation Symbols" (GB/T/KOOC-0/5834-20/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/) was implemented, which completely replaced the "Usage of Punctuation Symbols" (GB/T/KOOC-0/588)
Revision basis
The national standard Usage of Punctuation Symbols (GB/T 1 5834-2011) is based on the Chinese national standard Standardization Guidelines-Part1:Structure and Compilation Rules of Standards (GB/T 1,/.
Review the situation
Punctuation usage (GB/T/KOOC-0/5834-20/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/) replaces punctuation usage (GB/T/KOOC-0/5834-/KOOC-0/995) and punctuation usage (GB/T 65438).
According to China's national standards "Guidelines for Standardization-Part 1: Structure and Compilation Rules of Standards" (GB/T 1, 1-2009), the arrangement and expression of this standard have been comprehensively revised.
Most examples have been replaced to make them shorter, more popular and more standardized.
The definitions of the terms "punctuation" and "paragraph" have been added;
The definitions of the terms "complex sentence" and "clause" have been revised;
The definition of sentence ending point (period, question mark, exclamation point) is modified, and the relationship between sentence ending point and sentence mood is emphasized;
Added the basic usage of comma;
Added different forms of bracket examples;
Ellipsis is unified in the form of six consecutive dots "……", but it is allowed to be used together under certain circumstances;
Cancel the original two-character line in the contact number, standardize the contact number into short horizontal line "-",one-character line "-"and wavy line "~", and merge and divide the functions of the three;
Clarify the scope of use of the title;
Added description of separator usage;
The title of the chapter "The position of punctuation marks" was changed to "The position and writing form of punctuation marks", and the relevant specifications for Chinese input software to deal with punctuation marks were added.
"Appendix" has been added: Appendix A is a normative appendix, which mainly explains how to use punctuation marks, supplement the usage of punctuation marks, and solve the problems that are confused or controversial at present. Appendix B is an informative appendix, which distinguishes the usage of punctuation marks with overlapping functions and explains the standard usage in the environment where punctuation marks are misused frequently.
Usage of Chinese punctuation marks 3
Chinese punctuation marks are divided into two categories: point and mark, and point is divided into two categories: the end of a sentence and the middle of a sentence. they are
Period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon, colon, quotation mark, bracket, dash, ellipsis, bullet, hyphen, separator, title, proper name and separator.
Period: the period at the end of a sentence is used to express the declarative mood of a sentence, which is often used at the end of a declarative sentence, that is, a period can be used when the sentence is completely expressed. Take "."in the form of ...
Question mark: the type of the last point of a sentence, which is used to express the interrogative tone of the sentence, and is mostly used to express the doubt or uncertainty in the sentence. The form is "?" .
Exclamation mark: a period at the end of a sentence, which is used to express the exclamatory mood of a sentence and is used at the end of an imperative sentence or rhetorical question with strong tone. . The form is "!" .
Comma: a point in a sentence, used for a general pause in a sentence or paragraph. The form is ",". When there is a pause between the components of a single sentence, the pause between the clauses of a complex sentence is a comma.
Pause: the type of dot in a sentence, which is used to indicate the pause between coordinate words or after some word order words in a paragraph, and is mostly used after Chinese characters or word order words without brackets. The form is ",".
Semicolon: the type of dot in a sentence, which is used to indicate the pause between clauses with parallel relationship in a complex sentence and the pause between first-level clauses in multiple non-parallel complex sentences. It is mainly used between projects listed separately. The form is';' .
Colon: a period in a sentence, indicating a pause in a paragraph, prompting the following content or summarizing the above content. It is often used after suggestive words such as "ask, answer, say, think and prove". The form is: ":"
Quote: Tags are used to indicate the content directly quoted in a paragraph or the components that need to be pointed out in particular, as well as the words that need to be emphasized. There are double quotation marks and single quotation marks, with the front quotation mark on the left and the back quotation mark on the right.
Parentheses: Tags are used to indicate comments, supplementary explanations, statements indicating the source of quotations or other specific contents in a paragraph. They are mainly used for general comments and are not considered as part of the text. The main form is the bracket "()". In addition, there are square brackets, hexagonal brackets and square brackets.
Dash: Label category, which is used to indicate comments, supplementary explanations or changes in sound and meaning of some elements in a paragraph. It is often used for parenthesis, topic change, sound extension, discourse interruption or interval, etc. The form is "-".
Ellipsis: Label category, which is used to indicate the omission of some contents and the discontinuity of meaning in a paragraph. In addition, ellipsis can also be used for discontinuity of discourse. The form is "...", that is, six o'clock.
Bullets: Label category, used to mark some important words or words that need special explanation, and to prompt words, words and sentences that need special attention. The form is ".",which is marked below the corresponding text.
Connectivity: Label category, which is used to express the connection between some related components and connect related Chinese words, foreign symbols and numbers to form a unit of meaning. There are three forms: short horizontal line, straight line and wavy line.
Interval number: label class, which is used to mark the boundaries between some related components, and is mostly used for the internal boundaries between foreigners and some minority names, between book titles and article titles, and between poetry titles. The form is "".
Title: Label category, which is used to indicate the titles of various works appearing in a paragraph, and is mostly used for title, registration, laws and regulations, contracts, mandarin products, etc. There are two forms: double title and single title. When the title also refers to the title, the outer layer acts as a double title and the inner layer uses a single title.
Proper Nouns: Tags are used to indicate specific proper nouns appearing in ancient books and some literature and history works, mainly used for names of people, places and dynasties. . The table is a straight line, marked under the corresponding text.
Separator number: label class, used to mark separator, beat and some related words. The form is "/".