The ancient poem "Spring Hope" is a five-character poem.
There are eight sentences in the whole article, each sentence has five characters. There are two basic forms: qiqi and pingqi. The two couplets in the middle must be contrasted. Representative works include "Farewell to a Friend" by Li Bai, "Looking at Spring" by Du Fu, "Dwelling in the Mountains in the Twilight of Autumn" by Wang Wei, etc.
Original poem:
"Spring Hope" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
I am moved to tears by the flowers in my heart, and I am frightened by the hatred of other birds.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.
Interpretation:
Chang'an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; spring came, and the sparsely populated Chang'an city was lush with vegetation.
When I feel sentimental about state affairs, I can’t help but burst into tears, and the chirping of birds frightens my heart, which only adds to the sorrow and hatred of separation.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year. Letters from home are rare, and one letter is worth tens of thousands of taels of gold.
Wrapped in melancholy, I scratched my head and thought. The more I scratched my head, the shorter my white hair became. It was almost impossible to insert a hairpin.
Extended information:
In July of the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), Prince Li Heng was located in Lingwu (now part of Ningxia), known as Suzong in the world, and changed to Yuan Dynasty. After hearing the news, Du Fu defected to Suzong's court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way. He was not imprisoned because of his humble official position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the desolate and desolate scene of Chang'an City. He had mixed feelings and wrote this masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages.
The reason why a masterpiece can be passed down through the ages must be because it can highly summarize the same feelings and experiences of people at that time and future generations in similar situations. "Spring Hope" is like this.
The destruction of a country is the tragedy of one generation, but mountains and rivers are eternal existences; when a city is broken, grass and trees will still grow in the spring, and the laws of nature will not change due to changes in the current situation. The contrast between the people in front of him and the eternal time and space makes the poet feel the desolation and loneliness in his heart more strongly, so that all he can see is mountains, rivers, grass and trees, and a vast emptiness.
However, although the mountains, rivers and trees are ruthless, even if the poet turns them into sentimental things, the flowers and birds will shed tears because of the feeling and be sad because of the hate to say goodbye. This shows that severe suffering in the human world can also disturb nature.
The flowers with dew and the birds chirping are just natural phenomena, but the tears and shock in the heart really come from the poet. Therefore, the tears and shock of flowers and birds are just human empathy. The poet has always been praised for his novel approach of empathizing with the scenery, but his ability to move people is due to the profound implications of the first two sentences.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Five-Character Poetry