In The Book of Songs, we deeply feel the special literary charm of women with different images and personalities. Female poets and poems in the Spring and Autumn Period, in the poems of Chu Ci and Han Yuefu, female poems played a unique artistic advantage, stood out among many poems and were favored by future generations. Jian 'an literature, as a literary stage with special significance in the history of China literature, is called "the era of literary consciousness". The so-called "consciousness" is the development and breakthrough of "emotion" in the final analysis. "Before Jian 'an, the Book of Songs was naturally Gu Zhuo, The Songs of the South were magnificent and gorgeous, Han Yuefu was concise and simple, and Nineteen Ancient Poems were rigorous and simple. "Female poets in Jian 'an period absorbed the essence of their predecessors, at the same time, they increased the proportion of lyric elements and combined them with their own personality, so that harmonious and wild poems would be revealed. Under the background of the same era, the chaotic atmosphere of war and people's livelihood touched the hearts of female poets in the Spring and Autumn Period, and poems about women became the focus of their writing female poems. Those wandering soldiers who are far away from home, those amorous women who are alone in the boudoir and miss every night, outline the most touching picture in troubled times. It not only reflects the war-torn real society, but also objectively reflects the prevailing social psychology at that time. According to Tongguan Ji, during the Warring States Period, the wife of Han Ping, the counselor of Song Kangwang, was very beautiful, which aroused Kang Wang's greed. He persecuted Han Ping and punished him for making a platform to celebrate his birthday. But Kang Wang was not greedy. After her husband's death, He wrote a Song of the Black Magpie: "There are birds in Nanshan and birds in Beishan. What can I do if I fly high? Black magpies fly together, but they are unhappy with the phoenix. My concubine is Shu Ren, and I don't like King Song. " In order to show loyalty, such a woman with both talent and beauty eventually became a victim of feudal kingship. According to legend, when King Kang of Song went for an outing in the east of Pi City, he saw that all the mulberry pickers in the mulberry garden were graceful and never tired of seeing them, so he ordered to build a platform in the mulberry garden, named Qinglingtai, and Wang watched the mulberry pickers all day on the platform. One day, Wang met a young woman picking mulberry in Qinglingtai. She is beautiful and charming, and Wang Jing is a peerless beauty. So I asked someone to find out that he was the wife of Han Ping, a poor man in Xiapi (also known as Hua). Immediately, when his wife was offered by the local official's order, he ordered the waiter to prepare a car to catch it. Han Ping had no choice but to discuss with his wife repeatedly, and there was nothing he could do. They all cried bitterly and reluctantly. He replied to her husband with a song: "There are birds in Nanshan and birds in Beishan. Birds fly high, so what can we do? " Birds fly with magpies, but they don't like the phoenix. My concubine is Shu Ren, and I don't like King Song. "The next morning, watching his wife get on the bus and leave, my heart ached. After he was taken away, he left a book saying, "The rain is lewd, the river is deep, and it is not a blessing to do it at sunrise. "Unexpectedly, the king of Song got it, to show his left and right sides, and everyone was puzzled. He sent a message to Su He, an old minister, and said to him, "The rain is lewd, so worry about it; The river is so deep that it is not allowed to go back and forth; Be careful at sunrise, your heart will die. "Suddenly, he hanged himself in the willow tree behind the village, and his family buried him under the tree. King Song was very happy to learn that he was forced to be a princess. He has a plan in mind and pretends, please let me go to Qinglingtai to pay homage to my dead husband, and then I can serve the king. King Song agreed. Wearing plain clothes, he took a bus to the stage, facing her husband's grave from a distance, bowing down and crying, and suddenly jumped to his death. Last words: Wang Liqi was born and my concubine was killed. I want to be buried with my bones. Song Wang was very angry and ordered to dig a hole in the west five miles of the tomb and bury it. He said, "You and your wife love each other deeply. If you are buried together, I will stop it. The villagers sympathized with the unfortunate experience of Han Ping and his wife, so they planted a willow tree in front of their grave to show their condolences. Soon, the willows in front of the two tombs were born with a general thickness and a general appearance. Although they are five miles apart, they take root at the bottom and branch at the top. At night, even if there is no wind, two willows can be heard squeaking, as if whispering. Especially in the "bright moon, three to five nights", the branches and leaves of two trees are slowly intertwined, and the villagers call it "burial". And there are often a male and a female mandarin ducks, who live in trees and don't go in the morning and evening, and their necks are sad and moving. Later generations mourned it and called its tree "acacia tree". When they saw Qinglingtai, they thought of Han Ping and his wife. (Note: There is still the land of Han Pingcheng in Suiyang today, and this ballad is still circulating today. Loyalty to love is an eternal topic in poetry. Women's loyalty to love has long been reflected in poetry, and poets' chanting has its own characteristics. He made a bitter mockery of King Kang of Song Dynasty. "If I fly high, what can I do?" We'll be together even if we die. You can only live in vain! "Black magpie, don't like the phoenix. My concubine is Shu Ren, and I don't like King Song. " Prosperity can't make me change my mind. You, King Kang of Song Dynasty, are powerful, but you can't get my heart! Gambao wrote down her funeral for seeking the gods: the villagers buried her husband and wife together, so that the two graves were opposite. Overnight, a catalpa tree was born at the end of the two graves, which was long and folded thick, with roots at the bottom and branches at the top. There are two mandarin ducks living in the tree, a male and a female, who live together day and night with touching voices. The story reflects people's deep sympathy for them and their praise and yearning for faithful love. This story is very romantic and the poem is very touching, both of which belong to the top grade. When ancient women wrote poems and expressed their feelings, they would think of the metaphor of birds flying in pairs. Although Han Ping seems to have originated from the Warring States period, it still has profound mythological connotation. In love, phoenix, husband and wife and Yuanyang have the same meaning. Phoenix is colorful, and Korea is also a beautiful bird in myth. Han Ping's bird is characterized by a bright neck, which was painted on a fan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang poetry, "When is the bright moon, it is close to acacia trees, and I am afraid that Han Ping will live in one place". Han Ping is almost like a mandarin duck. In ancient mythology, businessmen are descendants of the phoenix. "The Book of Songs Xuanniao": "The destiny of Xuanniao is born, and the business is born." "Historical Records Yin Benji": "Yin Qi, born in Zhu Di, has the daughter of Wu and is the second princess of Di Ku. Once a threesome took a bath, he saw a mysterious bird drop its egg, and Judy took it and swallowed it because she was pregnant. " Businessmen worship Xuanniao or Fenghuang, who are descendants of birds. The Song people who were born in Henan in the Zhou Dynasty were descendants of Yin people, and they were also descendants of Birdman. Search Ji Shen said that the story of Han Ping took place in Suiyang, Suiyang and Hanping City today. Suiyang in Song Dynasty, that is, the area where the descendants of Xuanniao people in Yin Shang Dynasty are located, should be the dark inheritance of Xuanniao myth in ancient Shang Dynasty. "Peacock flies southeast" combines two stories: peacock and mandarin duck. However, white storks are not equal to peacocks, and white storks flying in pairs are not equal to peacocks in pairs. Actually, the peacock is not love birds. Liu Tangyao's "Different Records of Ridges": "Peacock has a green tail and is tired. Biff's cock cut off his tail and said nothing. " It has many females and its love is unfaithful. In Shakespeare's time, the peacock was a symbol of fornication. Peacocks should come from another source. There is a story of peacock stealing his wife in Buddhism. "Six Degrees Collection" Volume III: "Peacock King took 500 wives, entrusted the old horse and asked for a jade bird wife. Green finches only eat nectar and good fruit, and peacocks give it to their wives every day ... Peacock King is a greedy green finch who gives up raising a wife of 500 from a place where green finches usually eat food. " The peacock king originally had 500 beautiful peacock wives. The book "The Analects of Confucius" wrote: "Peacock King, from 500 female peacocks, followed them through the mountains and saw the beauty of the bluebird, so he chose 500 women to chase the bluebird." He likes the new and hates the old, and has the wife of the bluebird. Talk about cymbals Volume 30 Song of the Black Magpie by Bill Han's wife He: "Birds fly with magpies, but they are not happy with the phoenix. My concubine is Shu Ren, and I don't like King Song. " Han Ping and his wife compared themselves to a flying black magpie. The Song King was a phoenix, and the phoenix robbed his wife. Wang Song's wife who took Han Ping was the phoenix who took the blackbird, just like the peacock king who took the bluebird, and was influenced by the story of the Buddhist wife. Peacock (or Phoenix) and Yuanyang (or Black Magpie) are not two sets of stories, but two opposing images in a set of stories, because peacock is foreign and has not fully integrated into the story of China. There is a good story in Tongguan Ji. During the Warring States Period, Han Ping was the widow of King Kang of Song Dynasty, and his wife He was very beautiful. King Kang wanted to dominate for himself, so he killed Han's heart and punished him for building a Qingling platform. He swore to be unyielding, wrote a song of the black magpie to express his mind, and then hanged himself. On this point, Sou also recorded it, and talked about all kinds of things after He died: the villagers felt his integrity and buried him together in thick soil. Under the bright moon, two graves face each other, and two catalpa trees were born at the end of the grave overnight. They were broken in ten days, with roots at the bottom and branches in the wrong place. Male and female mandarin ducks came to live in the nest and never left, which made people cry.
The black magpie mentioned here is actually a crow. In ancient times, crows were still a kind of magpies, and they have not yet put on the mysterious coat of consultation and criticism for future generations. At about that time, Confucianism was not popular and there were few ideological imprisonments. Black magpies can keep their innocence and purity, and their symbolic significance is not strong. Even if there is a metaphor, it is limited to a beautiful and pure ending, and there is not much royal ignorance and folk superstition.
Cao Mengde's "Short Songs" "The moon and the stars are thin, and the blackbird flies south and turns around the tree three times. "What to lean on", its symbolic meaning is getting stronger and stronger, but it has not lost the goodwill of seeking good talents to help its ambition, and it seems that it has never been related to ugliness. And the third part of Wang Changling's "Poems of Long Letter and Autumn" in the Tang Dynasty, "Offering a broom to open the Golden Palace, wandering around the fan. Although jade is not as beautiful as western Western jackdaw, it still carries the shadow of Zhaoyang. " In the meantime, it has a derogatory meaning for black magpie, which is called West Western jackdaw here, and has a preliminary connection with ugliness and evil, showing allegorical clues. In He He's eyes, the black magpie is still a real bird, symbolizing beauty and nobility. Once Confucianism thrives, the people are stupid and weak. I don't know what scared me. I am afraid of it. I am afraid of it. The whole nation is like a frightened bird, walking on thin ice. At this time, the dark-skinned black magpie naturally had some kind of "unwarranted" nepotism with the unknown, was renamed crow, and entered another book with many other unpleasant things, which was regarded as a plague.