Huangyuan was called "the land of Xirong" in the three dynasties (Xia, Shang and Western Zhou) and the Spring and Autumn Period. At the beginning of Qin Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 36 counties. At that time, Longxi County actually controlled the eastern part of Qinghai, including today's Huangyuan.
In the second year of Shenjue (60 BC), Linqiang County was established. Huangyuan belongs to Linqiang County and Jincheng County. During the Cao Wei period, due to military needs, the county government moved to the north bank of Huangshui River. Huangshui is an important tributary of the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Hanshu records that "Huangshui leaves Jincheng, borders the Qiang Great Wall and enters the river in the east". Huangyuan means "the source of Huangshui River". The Kaga culture left over from the Bronze Age and Yangshao culture discovered in the lower reaches of Huangshui River are enough to show that Huangshui River basin has a long and splendid history, just like the Central Plains of China. Huangshui source is located in the pass and has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Today, as the mother river of Qinghai people, Huangshui River has nurtured more than 3 million people on both sides of Huangshui River, and the output value created by these 3 million hardworking and intelligent people on both sides of Huangshui River accounts for more than 60% of the total output value of the province.
It was the hub of the ancient Southern Silk Road connecting Europe, Asia and Africa. This is a world-famous ancient Tang-Fan road, which passes through Sun-Moon Mountain and reaches Lhasa. Like a golden ribbon, it falls on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in white, leaving behind the footprints of friendly exchanges between the Han and Tibetan people for generations and beautiful legends of affection.
In AD 4, Wang Mang established Xihai County (under the jurisdiction of Huangyuan area) in the east of Qinghai Lake, the pearl of the plateau. In 23 AD, Wang Mang's regime collapsed, Xihai County was abandoned, and the Qiang people reoccupied Huangyuan. In the Three Kingdoms period (220-265), xiping county was established, Xiping Pavilion was built, and three cities, namely, south, north and west, were added, which made Huangyuan a county. During the Western Jin Dynasty (265-420), Liang Qian, Hou Liang, Nanliang and other places successively established separatist regimes, which controlled the Huangyuan and Huangshui basins in the east. In the fifth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1), he built a stone treasure city and stationed troops in Shi Baoshan (Hacheng Village, now Yuexiang Township). Tubo people call it Iron Blade City. "Reading History and Geography Minutes" wrote: "There are mountains in the west of Shibao City (now Harbin City), and the rocks are all red. There are mountains in the north and snow-capped mountains in the south, which are called Chiling "(Chiling is today's Moon Mountain). Sun Moon Mountain is famous at home and abroad because of its magical and magnificent charm, and at the same time, because of the marriage between Princess Wencheng and Han and Tibetan, it has become a symbol of friendship between Han and Tibetan people and a witness of national cultural exchanges.
In the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907), the whole country was designated as Ten Roads, xiping county was abandoned, and the Governor's Office was set up in Shanshan, and Huangyuan was Yancheng County. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (734), it was changed to Tubo territory, and Huangyuan became a famous "tea-horse exchange market" in China history, so it was erected in Chiling (Sun Moon Mountain) to divide the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo world. Since then, business exchanges have been frequent, and Sun Moon Mountain has become the fortress of the Central Plains leading to pastoral areas and Tibet, with the famous "throat of Tibetan sea" and "thoroughfare of Tibetan sea" as the dividing line between China and foreign countries. Huangyuan is not only a military and diplomatic hub, but also an economic and cultural hub. The famous "maritime business center" is today's Huangyuan. In the fifth year of Xuanzong (85 1), Zhang Yichao, a Han Chinese in Shazhou (now Dunhuang, Gansu), revolted and restored the Hexi Corridor. Gansu and eastern Qinghai were under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907-960), the Tubo nobles lost control of eastern Qinghai, and Huangyuan was once controlled by Jin people and Xixia in the Southern Song Dynasty and Xixia period.
In the third year of Yuan (1227- 1253), Genghis Khan led an army to conquer Xining Prefecture, and Huangyuan returned to Xining Prefecture. In the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), Hongwu changed Xining Prefecture to Xining Wei and Huangyuan to Xining Wei. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Huangyuan was under the jurisdiction of Xining's defense envoy of Dashun regime of Li Zicheng peasant army. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Mongolian prince Rob revolted in Tenzin. He took Huangyuan as a stronghold to carry out anti-Qing activities. After that, Nian Gengyao, the frontier general of Qingfu, gave special permission to "take the Sun, Moon and Mountain as a set, and don't walk around".
In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Tangar (Huangyuan County) was built, and in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), Yang Yingxian entered Tibet via Xining Road and approached Qinghai, which was the reason for the exchanges between Han, Tu, Hui, Tibet, Mongolia and Junggar. During the Daoguang period, due to the trade between Huangyuan and Tibet and the throat of China and foreign countries, the Tangar Hall was specially set up, belonging to Xining Prefecture.
During this period, ethnic trade was extremely prosperous, and a large number of livestock products, medicinal materials and mineral products gathered in Dancheng, and businessmen from mainland provinces flocked to it. By the end of the year, the total trade volume of silver reached 2.5 million taels, six or seven times higher than that of Xining at that time. In particular, wool and leather plates, which are in short supply in the international market, are in short supply. To this end, the Tianjin foreign firm, a joint venture between Chinese and foreign businessmen, began to extend to Xining, taking Huangyuan as its base and buying a large number of wool. There are eight foreign banks coming to Huangyuan in succession, including Xintai Guang and Renji in Britain, Taihe, Jardine Matheson in the United States, Curie and St. Regis in Russia, and Meisi and Wali in Russia.
Huangyuan furs are well-known and profitable in the international market, which is very attractive to businessmen inside and outside the province. Therefore, during the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the imperial envoys ordered the whole province to make a centralized inventory of Huangyuan fur. At that time, there were more than 40 famous firms, and the total amount of wool collected and distributed each year reached more than 4 million kilograms and more than 300,000 pieces of various skins. There were more than 1000 merchants and craftsmen in Huangyuan County. Huangyuan became the gateway of Mongolian and Tibetan herders at that time and the only fur distribution center in the province. As a result, businessmen from inside and outside the province have come to Huangyuan to purchase goods, and the market is prosperous and the business is developed. During the Lantern Festival, shops decorate the streets with colorful strips of cloth and set off firecrackers all night. The chandeliers along the street are shining, and there are fire trees and silver flowers everywhere. People sing along the street, and the bells are melodious, and everyone is beaming. It can be described as a very short-lived prosperity.
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 12- 1949), Xining Prefecture was changed to Xining Bingbing Road, and Tangar Hall was changed to Huangyuan County. In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), Qinghai broke away from Gansu Province and established the Qinghai Provincial Government, which governs seven counties, namely Xining, Datong, Huangyuan, Xunhua and Hualong, and the Mongolian Tibetan areas in Qinghai.
19/949, Huangyuan was liberated.
From 1949 10 to 1978 September, Huangyuan was a county directly under the jurisdiction of the province. 197810.9, Haidong administrative office was established to administer Huangyuan county.
On February 3, 20001day, Huangyuan was officially placed under the jurisdiction of the provincial capital Xining.
Tangar is famous for the birthplace of Huangshui River, and Sun Moon Mountain won this honor because Princess Wencheng threw the mirror of the sun and the moon. So she is quite famous at home and abroad, which can be said to be famous at home and abroad.
Looking back at history, Tangar had a glorious past, and her past prosperity is still an indelible history. Nowadays, when we wander in the streets and alleys of the county, there are still ancient city streets, county offices, mosques, terraced buildings, residential houses and so on. The buildings are exquisite, the scenery is still beautiful, and its luxury style is still the same as before.
With the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and various social undertakings, Huangyuan market has gradually prospered. Despite several ups and downs, it is still full of twists and turns. Today, Huangyuan is still an important hub connecting agricultural and pastoral areas and Sino-Tibetan trade. No matter her tortuous and brilliant past or hopeful future, it will give us inspiring spiritual strength. No matter how you look at the vast Kunlun Mountains and the Huangshui River in Tao Tao, you can find historical enlightenment, realistic passion and entrepreneurial victory.