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Song of frontier fortress is an old title of Han Yuefu, which belongs to the song of cross-blowing, and its content mostly describes the battle scenes of frontier fortress. Lu Lun's "He Zhang Fu Shoots Six Poems" is a five-line poem. Although he is limited by harmonious poetry, he is good at using this poetic style. This poetic style does not necessarily follow the poetic method, but Lu Lun wrote this picturesque masterpiece with his outstanding literary talent and six exquisite five-character poems. These six poems are full of praise for giving orders, shooting down the enemy, playing a victory celebration and so on.
The first song in the group, "Singing Frontier Scenery", describes the spectacular scene when the general sounded the horn. The first two sentences carefully depict the majestic image of the general with strict antithesis. "His golden arrow has eagle feathers on the top" is about the general's arrow. "Golden Servant", the name of the arrow, "Zuo Zhuan": "The battle on the hill, the public shot the Nangong Changwan with golden servants." The arrow is made of gold, which shows that it is strong and sharp. And use the feathers ("Ling") of the large raptor "Eagle" to make arrow feathers, which are beautiful and generous, and launch quickly and powerfully. "His embroidered silk flag has a swallow-like tail" is a flag held by a general. "Embroidered Arc", the flag used as a conductor in the army, Zuo Zhuan: "Uncle Ying Kao takes the arc of Zheng Zhi's flag first." This command flag, which is shaped like a swallow's tail, is embroidered with patterns and looks very beautiful in the hands of the general. These two sentences do not directly describe the general's appearance, but from his striking arrows and flags, the general's vigorous figure has stood in front of the readers. In the poem, two birds, the brave vulture and the swift swallow, are highlighted to symbolize the mental state of the characters. Through the description and contrast of these two sentences, the image of a mighty and shrewd military general jumps to the page. The last two sentences are written in a new order. Only the general was left, and only the flag of the headquarters was gently raised. The sergeant of a thousand battalions standing in front of him shouted in unison, and the majestic cry resounded through the sky, shaking the fields and showing the majestic military power. The word "independence" makes the image of the general that has appeared in the first two sentences more straight, and forms a completely different numerical contrast with the "Thousand Battalions" behind it, to show that the general has a large number of troops and outstanding military status, and further depicts the mighty image. When the national flag was slowly raised, a thousand battalions cheered. In the neat and majestic cry, "A Thousand Battalions" and "One" fully embody the strict discipline of the army and the strict training of the generals in peacetime, and show the invincible fighting capacity. This seemingly plain narrative is a powerful pen, which makes the image of the general more plump and prominent, and has been perfectly and powerfully expressed. In the five-character quatrains, it is rare to see such a poem describing such a magnificent scene and such a huge momentum. The first two sentences are clean and neat, and the strength converges to neatness; The last two sentences are changed into loose sentences, which release the introverted power at once and let the momentum rush out. This convergence and release, in a few words, contains extremely rich content and shows great power.
The second poem is about ordinary night hunting. When he saw the trouble in the forest, he thought it was a tiger, so he drew his bow and shot fiercely. At dawn, the arrow actually hit a stone. Through this typical plot, the general's bravery is shown. This poem is based on Historical Records and Biography of Li Lie. It is reported that Li Guang was a famous ape-man in Han Dynasty, who was good at shooting. When he was a magistrate in Peiping, he had such a dramatic experience: "You went hunting widely and saw a stone in the grass, so you shot it as a tiger. If the stone is not in the middle, it will be regarded as a stone. Because I shot again, I couldn't return to the stone. " The first sentence said that the place where the general hunted at night was deep in a dark forest; At that time, it was getting late, and a gust of wind blew and the vegetation was covered by it. This not only shows the specific time and place, but also creates an atmosphere. Right Beiping is the area where tigers haunt, and the dense forest in the mountains is the hiding place of the tiger, the king of beasts. Tigers often come out of the mountains at dusk. Adding the word "Jing" to the word "the Woods are dark, and there is a wind and grass" not only makes people naturally think that there are tigers among them, but also renders a tense atmosphere, and also implies how vigilant the general is, paving the way for the later "bow-pulling". The second sentence is to keep writing and keep shooting. But "bow-pulling" does not say "shooting", not only because the poem rhymes, but also because "pulling" is the preparatory action of "sending". This writing can inspire readers to imagine and understand how calm and calm the general is in danger. After the "earthquake", the general immediately drew his arrow and drew his bow. His movements are agile and powerful, and he is in no hurry. He is dignified and vivid. The last two sentences describe the miracle of "drinking poison to quench thirst" and postpone the time until the next morning (Ping Ming). When the general was looking for prey, he found that the man who was shot by an arrow was not a tiger, but a crouching stone. It was amazing after reading it, and then he sighed. It turned out that this arrow with white feathers was "deeply pointed on a hard rock" and scored three points. This kind of writing is not only more tortuous, but also full of drama with the change of time and scene. The "stone edge" is a prominent part of the stone, and it is unthinkable for an arrow to get into it. Mythical exaggeration adds a layer of romance to the image of poetry, which is particularly delicious to read, but it is wonderful and can't be wrong.
The third poem in the group is full of heroism, grandeur and boldness between the lines. Although it is a work in the middle Tang Dynasty, it still has the flavor of prosperous Tang Dynasty. The first two sentences are about the enemy's rout. "High in the faint moonlight, geese are soaring" is a description of the scenery, which is hard to describe. "The moon is dark and windy", but there is nothing to see; "Wild geese fly high", there is no trace to be found. The geese fly high, which is detected by sound. Such a scene is not a scene in the eyes, but a scene in the heart. It is not the normal time for geese to fly when it is dark on a snowy night. Su Yan's surprise revealed that the enemy was moving. A few words not only showed the time, but also set off the tension before the battle, directly forcing out the next sentence, "Chief Tatar is fleeing through the darkness." Khan was the monarch of the ancient Huns, referring to the enemy commander here. There should be various possibilities for the enemy to act at night. However, the poet is called "the Chief Tatar is fleeing from the darkness". At this point, this poem shows a heroic feeling. The enemy's action at night is not to lead the troops to attack, but to flee in panic under the cover of night. "Running at Night" shows that the enemy has completely collapsed. The tone of the poem is positive, the judgment is clear, and it is full of contempt for the enemy and belief in the victory of our army, which is enough to inspire readers and surprise them in the mysterious atmosphere caused by the above sentence. It is a natural development that the enemy leader fled and his own army pursued the prisoners. Despite the cover of night, the enemy's actions were discovered. Three or four sentences about our army's preparation for pursuit show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. "And we chase them with light horses" means that the pursuers will send them without sending them. Not sending troops "light riding" is not only because of its high speed, but also because it shows a high degree of self-confidence, as if the enemy is already a turtle in an urn, and only a small amount of "light riding" is needed to pursue it. When the warriors line out. Although I couldn't stand up for a moment, the heavy snow fell on my bow and knife. The phrase "On our bow, on our sword, there is a burden of snow" is unexpected, which pushes the artistic conception of the whole poem to a climax. In the vast darkness and white snow, a light cavalry is gathering, and the snow falls on them instantly, covering the cold light of their weapons. They are like arrows about to leave the string. Although they haven't set out yet, they have long been full of confidence in victory. This is a very moving picture: there are shouts in silence and lightning brewing in the darkness. Although it is in the dark night, the heroic spirit outlined by the snow is still "shocking". Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet does not write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell the reader whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. Although the results are not explained, only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds.
The fourth poem in the group describes the scene where the border brothers held a banquet in front of the camp after the border guards won a total victory. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious, and it also describes the soldiers "let's drink and dance in our golden armor!" " He also praised the heroic spirit of the people in the border areas and the soldiers guarding the border areas to unite as one and defend the peaceful reunification of the country. This also shows that the actions of the soldiers have been supported by the brotherly people. This poem is typical in materials, bold in tailoring and permeated with the atmosphere of harmony and unity of all ethnic groups. The language of the whole poem is concise and implicit, the modality is active and vivid, generous and heroic, lively and lively.
The fifth poem describes the soldiers chasing games with smooth wars and quiet border crossings. Literally, this poem means that the officers and men in the border areas use the temporary war to hunt after the enemy escapes. In fact, it is full of the poet's admiration, praise and blessing for the lofty sentiments of officers and men.
The sixth poem eulogizes the noble feelings of soldiers only to protect Xinjiang and the people, and not to seek fame and fortune. This poem uses two allusions: "Seven Leaves Expensive" and "Qilin Pavilion". "Biography of Han Jin Ridi": "Jin Ridi conquered the country and captured Hanting, but he was a meritorious general who respected the Lord and was loyal to himself. He was a national heir and was famous for his loyalty and filial piety. He served in VII. How can he prosper! " Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, painted 1 1 heroes such as Huo Guang on the Qilin Pavilion, praising their achievements. It is used here to express the feeling of wanting to make achievements instead of pursuing fame and fortune.
The original poems written by Lu Lun and Zhang Fushe have not been handed down today, but the poems of harmony have been passed down through the ages, which shows that their value can stand the test of history. Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Jian" volume 7 says: "Ten talented people in Dali combined with five-character poems. Lu Langzhong (Lun) spoke well and did well. " He added: "Lushi was cheerful and unruly, and suddenly he was shocked." The language of the poem is concise, the conception is ingenious, and the whole poem is read in detail. Life in the military camp, the hardships of defending the border and the jubilation of victory are vivid and exciting. [3][4][5][6]
Famous comments
Song Gule's Selected Comments on Ten Thousand Sentences of Tang Poetry: The poem Song of Xia Sai is also a masterpiece on this topic, with its warning words, vivid reading and high-profile five words in the middle and Tang Dynasties.
Liu Yongji's Essentials of Tang Poetry: There are six poems on this topic, which were written by Zhang Fu, so all of them have the meaning of praising beauty, which is different from his description of frontier fortress.
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Huang Shucan's Notes on Tang Poetry: This poem was written in costume. The next two sentences are similar to "Better be a centurion than a scholar".
Yu Biyun's A Brief Introduction to Poetic Realm: The first two sentences are excellent in both words and arrows. See Rong Rong's combination, three sentences are solemn and four sentences are cleansed. Among the few twenty crosses, there is a view of military capability in full swing.
Secondly,
Editor of He Shang's Poems on the Wine Garden: All the six songs of Xia Sai have the sound of flourishing Tang Dynasty, among which the chapter "The next morning, he found his white arrow pointing to the depths of the rocks" is particularly outstanding. People call it "I chase it, the horse is light and heavy, full of thunder and full of bows and knives". Although it is also vigorous, it is very funny, so it is not as magnificent as before!
Li E's "A Brief Record of Poetry Changes": Li Guang's secret use implies the importance of frontier defense and the military distance.
Pan Deyu's Poems of Farming and Zhai: The beauty of poetry is all the luck of the gods, not the sign of the day after tomorrow. ..... Lu Lun's "There is darkness in the forest, and the wind blows" is a god who shoots tigers at night, not a sentence of "The general tries to shoot at night". Generally speaking, people who can write poems know this wonderful thing. The problems they encounter with low hands are all traces of reality, so they are extremely clear, but in the end they all lack success.
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Li Panlong and Yuan Hongdao's Interpretation of Tang Poetry: Li Panlong said that the mid-Tang Dynasty was a unique and proud work with weak melody. This shows that the frontier is strong and the garrison is complete, but it also cherishes the hardships of foot soldiers. Allow words to be humble and weak, and have a strong character, which is worthy of entering the Tang Dynasty Yuefu.
Zhou Wei's General Comment on the Forest at the Tang Poetry Selection Meeting: Zhou Jing said that the middle Tang Dynasty was high-profile and the sentences were straight. Grain Rain said: Health. The so-called ancient Yuefu, this article can refer to.
Xu Bian Shi Feng: Lun's five-character poem "The moon is high and the geese fly" is full of charm, which was not found in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Xing Yun's Tang Dynasty: Syllables are the oldest, similar to one.
Li Jue's A Brief Record of Poetry Changes: The first two sentences say that the Huns are afraid of Wei Yuan. The next two sentences refused to invite the merits of opening the border, but excused the heavy snow, so they felt euphemistic and saw the suffering of the border.
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Yu Biyun's "A Brief Introduction to Poetic Realm": When the atmosphere is swept away, the wild curtain is opened, which is a gift to the literati. Dancing after drinking, shining golden armor is still clumsy, drums are dull, and Leishan answers. You don't have to be "drunk on the battlefield" when you are born. Tang people are good at frontier fortress poets and pushing the history of Cen. Lu Zhi's four poems, with strong words, can be compared with the Anti-Japanese War. Among the ten sons of Dali, he is as famous as Han Yi and Qian Qi. [7]
Brief introduction of the author
Lu Lun (748-800? ), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word "clouds and smoke" was born in Puhe (now Yongji, Shanxi). In the early years of Dali (766-779), he failed in the Jinshi examination for many times, and was appreciated by Yuan Zai, the prime minister, and had to be replaced as the captain of the provincial examination (in present-day Henan). In the river, he served as a judge of the Marshal's Office, from official to school doctor. He is one of the "Top Ten Talents in Dali". There are many farewell and reward poems, and there are also works reflecting the life of the sergeant. The original collection was compiled in Ming Dynasty, but it has been lost.