Author of Mencius Pre-Qin Dynasty
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings. If the husband attacks it, it will be the right time, and if it is invincible, it will be the right place. The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, the army is not very profitable, and there is not much rice, so it is not as good as people and peace. Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the government boundary, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take advantage of war. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. Relatives will be there when there is no help. Help more, and the world will be at peace. Take advantage of the world and attack your relatives. A gentleman wins without fighting.
2. The classical Chinese name about the harmony between the right place and the right time is called a textbook, and the title inside is "Get more help from the wrong way, not from the wrong way."
Original text:
Mencius said: the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony.
The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, is invincible by the ring attack; If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time.
The city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not strong, and there are not many meters; Entrusting it to others is not as good as human harmony.
Therefore, the people in the territory do not attach importance to the boundaries of the border. Consolidating the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take advantage of the military revolution; Those who gain the Tao help more, and those who lose the Tao help less; When there is little help, relatives will be there; Help more, and the world will be at peace. Take advantage of the world and attack relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win.
3. On the classical Chinese of the counselor 1. Xijiangyue, a counselor in the class, is highly respected. Author: Xin Qiji Dynasty: Song Dynasty
2. Go to the counselor, the edge will be fierce. The right time, the right place and the right people. Yan can cut and yue can.
On this day, the tower is Tintin, who walks on the mountains and rivers. Everyone is integrated with Song of the Wind. Responsible for congratulating the ministers.
3. Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original word Tanfu was later changed to You 'an, alias Jiaxuan, Han nationality, born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At the time of birth, the Central Plains was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. Fight for gold all your life. There are "Ten Theories on Meiqin" and "Nine Theories" on the top, and there is "Debate and Strategy" on the bottom. His lyrics expressed patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, poured out his grief and indignation, and condemned the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. He has a wide range of subjects, is good at using predecessors' allusions, and has a heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness. Because Xin Qiji's anti-gold proposition did not conform to the political proposition of the ruling peace faction, he was impeached and resigned, and lived in seclusion by the lake of Jiangxi.
4. Mencius ancient prose Who knows Mencius's "How to help the Tao and how to help the Tao?"
[Original]
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people.
The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings. If the husband attacks it, it will be the right time, and if it is invincible, it will be the right place.
The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, the army is not very profitable, and there is not much rice, so it is not as good as people and peace.
Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the benefits of the world do not take the benefits of war. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. If there is less help and more help from relatives, the world will be smooth sailing. Take advantage of the world and attack your relatives. A gentleman wins without fighting.
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
Shunfa is in mu, Fu Shuo is in banlou, glue fish is in salt, Guan Yi is a scholar, Sun Shuai is in the sea, and Baili is in the city.
Therefore, if the sky is going to fall on the Sri Lankan people, they must first suffer from ideological suffering, physical suffering, physical hunger, physical emptiness and chaos in action. Therefore, their persistence has benefited them a lot.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad.
In this way, you will know that sorrow is enough to make people live and pleasure is enough to make people die.
Fish is what I want.
Fish, I want it, bear's paw, I want it; You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it. Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want; You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.
Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. If there is nothing more in disgust than death, what can be done to avoid evil that can be used to escape evil?
If people only want life, why not use those who can have life? If people are more evil than the dead, why not treat patients who can be cured? Born with it, born without it; If you are right, you can avoid pain and do something wrong. A bowl of rice, a bowl of soup, you can live if you get it, but you will starve if you don't get it. But with disdain to drink and eat, hungry pedestrians are unwilling to accept it; Kick others' food with their feet, and beggars will not accept it.
The senior official accepted it without distinguishing whether it was appropriate or not. Call it, and the people in the street will be blessed; Begging for help is too much.
Is it for the splendor of the house, the service of my wives and the poor people who know how to appreciate me? For the beauty of the palace and the matter of wives and concubines, can the poor get me? Hometown (Tong: Xiang) is in the past, once upon a time. The same below) did not suffer from physical death, and now she is a beauty in the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor and needy: yes or no? This is called the loss of humanity.
5. Ask for more help "Get more help, lose your way and help" and "Humble Room Inscription" in ancient Chinese, lose your way and help.
The city of three miles (2) and the country of seven miles (3) are invincible. If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time.
The city is not too high, the pool is not too deep, the soldiers are not very profitable, and the rice is not too much; It's better to leave the Committee than to be at peace with others. Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the government boundary as 7, the country does not take the danger of mountains and rivers as 8, and the benefits of the world do not take the military revolution as 9.
Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. Poor help to attending and relatives (11); With more help, the world will be smooth sailing (12).
Take advantage of the world and attack their relatives; So a gentleman wins without fighting (13). [Author Brief Introduction] Mencius (about 372-289 BC), a famous jade son, was born in Zouxian County, Shandong Province. During the Warring States period, he was a thinker and educator, ranking second only to Confucius. Later generations often call him "Confucius and Mencius".
He lived in the middle of the Warring States period, where the annexation war was fierce, and politically advocated "law first". On the basis of Confucius' theory of "benevolence", he put forward a systematic theory of "benevolent government", advocating that the world should be unified by "benevolent government", and lobbying Liang, Qi and other vassal States to no avail.
After he retired, he wrote books with his disciples Zhang Wan and Gong Sunchou. His words and deeds are recorded in Mencius.
This book is not only an important academic work of Confucianism, but also a collection of essays with distinctive features in ancient China. His writing style is magnificent, full of emotion and strict logic; Be eloquent and unhurried; He is especially good at metaphor, explaining complicated truth with visual things and language.
It had a great influence on later essayists such as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi. Mencius' distant ancestor was Meng Kongshi, an aristocrat of Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou after his family's fortunes declined.
It is said that Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu worked hard to raise him. Meng Mu is very strict. His stories such as "moving a child to teach a child" and "breaking a loom" are not necessarily reliable, but they have become eternal stories, and they are a model of mother education for later generations. As for Mencius' learning from others, he once said, "If you don't take it, you can give it to others" (Mencius Li Lou), but Sima Qian called it a disciple of Zisi in Historical Records and Biography of Mencius Xunqing.
Mencius admired and studied Confucius all his life, and thought that "the life of the people was not prosperous in Confucius"; "I want to learn from Confucius" (Mencius on Ugliness). Mencius traveled around Qi, Jin, Song, Xue, Teng and Liang, lobbying for his thoughts of "kingly way" and "benevolent government" for about 20 years, and once became a guest of honor. But at that time, the vassal was busy with Lian Heng's annexation war, and no one was willing to take his advice.
Therefore, Mencius retired to study and write books, which was greatly comforted in his teaching activities. He tasted that a gentleman has "three pleasures" and that "parents are both good and brothers are not happy; Yang is worthy of the sky, regardless of people, but also happy; If the talents in the world are educated, they will have three pleasures "("Mencius "). Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, but his position before the Song Dynasty was not very high.
Since Han Yu wrote The Original Road in the mid-Tang Dynasty and listed Mencius as the only figure in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited Confucian orthodoxy, there has been an "upgrading movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his works has gradually risen. In the fourth year of Xining in northern Song Shenzong (107 1), Mencius was first included in the imperial examination. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Mencius was officially named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and he was allowed to enjoy the Confucius Temple the following year.
Later, Mencius was promoted to a Confucian classic. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined Mencius with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books, and their actual status was even higher than that of the Five Classics. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), Mencius was named "Asian Saint" and later called "Asian Saint", ranking second only to Confucius.
【 Note 】 ① It is selected from The Biography of Mencius, with the title added by the editor. (2) A city three miles (so small) around [Three Mile City].
③ circumference. (4) [Pool] moat.
(5) [Bing Ge] refers to weapons and equipment. Soldiers and weapons.
Leather, armor (military uniform used by ancient soldiers to protect their bodies). 6. 【 leave without authorization 】 refers to abandon the city and flee.
Committee, give it up. Let's go. Leave.
⑦ [People in China are not bound by the frontier] means that people can settle down without moving to other places, and they cannot rely on the demarcated frontier boundaries. Domain, boundary, here refers to the restriction.
Today, consolidating the country does not depend on the risks of mountains and rivers. Consolidating national defense cannot rely on mountains and rivers. Pet-name ruby 【 there is no benefit of military revolution in Wei world 】 shocked the world, can't rely on the power of force.
Attending the pole. (1 1) preach "rebellion".
(12)[ Shun] Surrender to. (13) 【 So, the gentleman won without fighting 】 So the gentleman won without fighting.
A gentleman refers to the "enlightened person" mentioned above. The weather and seasons that are conducive to combat are not comparable to the geographical situation that is conducive to combat, and the geographical situation that is conducive to combat is not comparable to the people's hearts and internal unity in combat.
A small town in Lisan, a city outside Qili, surrounded and attacked it, but could not win. Encircling and attacking it must be a favorable condition for obtaining the weather season, but it can't win, because the weather season conducive to combat is not as good as the geographical situation conducive to combat.
The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not bad, and the food is not small, but the defenders abandon the city and flee. This is because the geographical situation favorable to the battle is not as good as the popular will and internal unity in the battle. Therefore, we cannot rely on the boundaries of territory to calm people's hearts, to consolidate national defense, to deter the world, and not to rely on the strength of weapons and equipment.
People who practice benevolent policies will have more people to help and support him, while those who do not practice benevolent policies will have fewer people to help and support him. With so few people helping him, all his brothers and sisters will betray him.
Many people helped him to the extreme, and everyone in the world surrendered to him. With the condition that people all over the world submit to him, they will attack those who betray him physically and by their brothers. Therefore, those who practice benevolent government will either not fight or win.
[Appreciation] At the beginning of this essay, I put forward the view that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony", pointing out that "human harmony" is the primary condition for defeating the enemy. "Harmony between people" means "helping more" and "obeying the world" mentioned below, that is, the support and support of the people, which embodies Mencius' political thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch".
Song Zhuxi.
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Original publisher: 2000926abcd
Ouyang Xiu 1 Study hard. Ouyang Gong is two years old and lonely at the age of three. His family is poor and has no money. Taifuren painted the land with four strokes (dí) and taught it calligraphy. Recite more than 6 chapters of ancient Chinese. And 7 is a little longer than 8, but there is no book to read at home, so a scholar named 10 of Lu borrowed it, or 1 1 because 12 copied 13. I can recite his book before I finish copying it. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service. Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood. Ouyang Gong: refers to Ouyang Xiu, a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. 3. Loneliness: I lost my father when I was a child. 4. use: use. What are you doing here? Thistle: A perennial herb, similar to reed. 6. Recite: (Recite ancient chapters) Recite. 7. and: wait. 8. slightly: slightly. 9. Luli: towns and communities. 10. Scholar: the collective name of China ancient literati and intellectuals, generally referring to literati. 1 1. or: sometimes. 12. Cause: Take the opportunity of …. 13. Transcription: replication. 14. service: dedicated to, engaged in. 15. Poetry prose: poetry articles. 1 When Sima Wen was a child, he asked two patients, and three of them were unlike human beings. Group lecture, 4 elder brothers and 50 students chanting, have a rest; 13 can only be edited by 12, and it won't stop until you can recite it 7 times after 6 times. Those who make more efforts get far-reaching achievements, and they recite unforgettable 8. Wen Gong Jiu said, "Books must be memorized. 10 or a while, or 14, staying up in the middle of the night, 1 1 singing, thinking about its meaning, and gaining a lot. " (Selected from Records of Words and Actions of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties edited by Zhu [1] Suffering from: worry, worry. 3. Not if: not as good as. If: such as. 4: numerous: numerous. 5: Both: Already. 6: I have arrived; Wait until. 7. Recite: Recite. Time: pass "back", back. 8: Yes: So, just, just. 9: Taste: Once. 10: or: sometimes 1 1: chanting: chanting. 12: Ending: Originally, Dong Zhongshu gave a lecture under the curtain in the Han Dynasty and didn't look out of the window for three years. Here refers to concentrate on reading. 13: unique edition: According to the records of the historian Confucius, Confucius read the Book of Changes and Wei compiled three unique editions (meaning that he compiled wooden slips more often.