Five Guangxi Poems * * *
Author: Tao Yuanming
First of all:
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
Open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden.
There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
The house is clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is idle.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Secondly:
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world.
This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.
When complex market music, grass * * *.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
Third:
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Fourth:
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment.
Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.
Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.
There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.
Excuse me, what is this person like?
The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death".
"A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true! Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
Fifth:
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock.
The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.
I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.
When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.
The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
Add another song "Xi Ci" (with translation and appreciation)
My family is poor and I am not self-sufficient in farming. Naive and full of room, no millet in the bottle, born and endowed, not seen its skills. Some relatives and friends even advised Yu to be an officer, but he was pregnant and asked for the Tao. There will be things in all directions. The princes take love as their virtue, and my uncle is poor, so I use it in a small town. When the storm is not calm, I am afraid of distant service. Pengze went home for a hundred miles, and the profit of the public field was full of wine, so he asked for it. And after a few days, there is a feeling of returning to China as soon as possible. What is this? It is natural in nature and is not obtained through revision; Although hunger and cold cut, but it is against their own diseases. Personal taste is self-serving; So I was disappointed, generous and deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambition. I still look forward to a glimpse, when I put away my clothes and die overnight. Sung Hoon's sister died in Wuchang, and she was relieved of her post. Mid-autumn festival to winter, more than 80 days in the official. Because things are going well, Life is called "Back to Xi". B I'm four in November.
Go back to Xi, the countryside will ruin Hu Bugui! Since the heart is the form of service, isn't it sad? Without remonstrating with the past, you can pursue what you know. Not far from being lost, I feel that today is not yesterday.
The ship is far away and the wind is blowing. Asking for directions, ex-husband, hate dawn. It looks forward to Yu Heng and runs with joy. Servants are welcome and children are waiting for the door. The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the room, there will be wine bottles. Lead the pot to think for yourself and make the court happy. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments, judge your knees to be comfortable. Garden Day is fun, even though the door has been closed for a long time. Help the old man to rest, and correct his head if he goes far. Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. The scenery is coming, lonely and lingering.
Come back, please rest assured that you will never travel again. The world is against me, and I can't ask for more happiness! Please love words from relatives, play music and read books to eliminate worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that he wanted to do something with Xichou. Or a towel cart, or a boat This is not only a gentle and elegant road to find ravines, but also a rugged road through hills. Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. When everything is fine, I feel that my journey of life is over.
I don't hold grudges anymore! How long will you live in the apartment? What does Hu Wei want? Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick. Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. Chatting and riding back to the finish line, I am very satisfied with my fate!
Go back and say goodbye.
Go home! The countryside is going to be deserted, why not go back? Since my mind is enslaved by my body, why am I so depressed and sad alone? I regret that my past mistakes are irreparable, but I firmly believe that I can make up for them in the years to come. In fact, I am not far from being lost, and I have realized that it is right to go home and it is wrong to be an official.
The boat floated gently on the water, and the breeze blew the clothes. Ask pedestrians the way ahead, only hate that the morning light is dim and the sky is not bright. Finally I saw my humble home, and I galloped forward happily. The servants greeted them happily, and the children waited at the door. The path in the courtyard is overgrown with weeds, and the pines, cypresses and chrysanthemums are still there; I took the children into the house, and the wine was full. I picked up the hip flask and drank it myself, looking at the court tree made me smile; Leaning against the south window, I am proud of the world and feel that this small place is easy to make me feel at ease. The door of the small garden is often closed, so it is interesting to walk (alone) in the garden every day; Walking on crutches, always looking up into the distance. White clouds naturally float out of the hole, and tired birds know to fly back to their nests; The sun is dim, and the sun is about to set. I can't bear to leave, and my hands are lonely and loose.
Come back! I want to break up with secular people. Everything about them doesn't suit my interest. What do you want from driving out again? Talking to the old people in the village, playing the piano, reading books, and relieving their worries are so fun; The farmer told me that it was spring and he was going to farm in the west. Sometimes driving a towel cart, sometimes rowing a boat, we not only have to explore deep valleys, but also walk through rugged hills. Trees are lush and springs are flowing slowly. I envy everything when it should be, sighing that my life is coming to an end.
Forget it! How much time is left in the world? Why not go or stay according to your own mind? Why do you want to go somewhere when you are distracted? Wealth is not what I want, and there is no hope of ascending to heaven. Cherish the beautiful scenery and I will enjoy it alone, or I will help the seedlings grow with crutches. Climbing up the eastern hillside, I screamed at the edge of Qingxi and recited poems; Let's end our lives naturally and take pleasure in our fate. Hesitate about what?
Appreciation of "Back to Xi Word"
Li Bai has two famous sayings: "Clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved." It is more appropriate to praise Gui Xi Ci with these two sentences.
During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the style of writing was brilliant. The appearance of Tao Yuanming is tantamount to sticking out a green branch among the flowers, and it seems that an unadorned pure girl is coming among the ladies with jewels and heavy makeup. Returning to and advocating nature is not only Tao Yuanming's life principle, but also his creative principle. However, it is not enough to realize this. Tao Yuanming doesn't look at mountains and rivers to please his eyes like ordinary people. He took rural natural scenery as his spiritual destination, saw through the corruption and darkness of officialdom and turned to nature. This kind of consciousness is bought with personality life, so he cherishes it all the more.
"Go back to Xi, will the countryside be Hu Bugui in history? Since the heart is the form of service, I am sad and sad? " This sentence seems to be comforting yourself on the surface, but it is actually introspection. He wrote in the poem "Returning to the Garden": "I fell into the dust net for thirty years by mistake." What heavy language! What a heavy heart this is! "If you realize that the past has not been admonished, you can still chase those who know it. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "On the surface, the poet is condemning himself for going the wrong way, but actually expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and criticizing the darkness of society. Driven by this anxious to return mood, a poet asked the boat to set sail quickly, hoping that it would light up quickly. When he saw his door, he was very happy. He ran home. Although the language of this psychological description is not as delicate as the novel, it can give readers more imagination. Compared with officialdom, the scenery in the countryside is so refreshing. " Boys are welcome and children are waiting for the door. "Innocent children let the poet see purity and simplicity. We can imagine what the boy's servant is saying, what the child's voice is saying, and the beloved wife who does not appear. She probably didn't say a word, just leaned against Chai Fei and looked at her husband, or wore an apron and her hands were covered with flour and smiled affectionately at her husband! What a touching scene this is! Next, the poet wrote about the carefree feeling in the quadrangle. There are trails, pine chrysanthemums, wine lamps, pots and pavilions, which are free and unrestrained. How dark is the officialdom? There is no explanation in the poem, but does the beauty of the countryside not imply the abomination of officialdom? This is a kind of "dark contrast". There is no contrast in words, but the poet's heart is always in contrast. " Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds are tired of flying. "This is actually not a question of clouds and birds, but a question of the poet's heart. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented: "You can't say that unless you really have this situation in your heart. "
Reading "Gui Xi Ci" can't give people a relaxed feeling, because there is a sadness and helplessness behind the seemingly carefree poet. In essence, Tao Yuanming is not a pure hermit who only likes to travel around and doesn't care about current events. Although he said that "nature loves hills", his essence is to benefit society. When talking about Tao Yuanming, Mr. Lu Xun said, "It's poetry. In addition to the "leisurely view of Nanshan" praised by critics, there is also a "golden" style of "Jingwei holds a micro-wood, which will fill the sea and flourish", which proves that he is not in the clouds all day and all night. " Through the angry words of "please rest and never travel" and "the world is against me", we feel heavy.
Is the setting of "Gui Xi Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The preface was written in November, still in the middle of winter;" If it is a retrospective direct record, did you search for' wood is thriving' and' when everything is fine'? Did the farmer tell Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou or plant a stick to help him? It goes without saying that it is an imagination that has not returned to the past. " (See Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Tapping" 1225 ~ 1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the immediate scene, but the imaginary scene and the scene in his heart. So, what's the difference between writing the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you can be seen by your eyes. There are scenes before you and words behind you, which is consistent with the scene and focuses on taking pictures. The scene in your mind is the scene of creation. You can do whatever you want. When you follow your heart, there is not necessarily a scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It's just lyrical.
The language of this article is exquisite. Poetry is mainly composed of six sentences, including three, four, seven and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and melodious. The words "zhi", "one" and "two" in the sentence are soothing and elegant. Sometimes with overlapping words, there is a strong sense of music. For example, "the boat is swaying, the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes" and "Mu Xinxin, spring water begins to flow". Use more antithetical sentences, no matter right or wrong, they are just right. Description is combined with lyricism and discussion, sometimes writing scenery, sometimes lyricism and sometimes discussion, which is scenic, affectionate, rational and interesting.
Life in China? Finally, Tao Yuanming is different from the working people, although he retired to the countryside, whether he did it actively or passively. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden" or "Returning to the Garden to Xi Ci", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one who retired to the countryside. However, his seclusion has created a writer and formed a literary style, which shines brilliantly in the history of China literature. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no article, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just a poem." Although this statement is exaggerated, we can see its position in the history of literature.