Li Qingzhao has rich works in his life, including Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and Yi 'an Ci, but they have long been lost. Later generations collected her works as one volume of Shuyu Ci and five volumes of Shuyu Ci, including Xia Jueju, Slow Voice, Pruning Plums and Preface to Beating a Horse. Poetry is generous in love words and sings history with a sense of time; On Ci emphasizes elegance and puts forward that Ci is a family.
Li Qingzhao is especially good at writing ci, mainly as a poetess. Her poems are called Yi 'an Ci and Shuyu Ci. There are about 43 poems that have been handed down so far, and many of them are doubtful. From her lyrics, we can see her profound literary accomplishment and broad vision of life. Generally speaking, her life state is divided into two different periods because of her southern crossing, and her creative content generally presents two characteristics: before and after. Her early poems concentrated on the sweetness of boudoir life and first marriage, and her lyrical feelings were mainly her love and yearning for her husband and her love and care for natural scenery. In her later works, she mainly expressed her sadness and loneliness about the death of her family in the motherland and felt sad from time to time. The theme focused on the sigh of her family and country and her immediate feelings. Yi 'an Ci is independent from Song Ci, which is called "Yi 'an Style". Hou Yin's eye-catching title is "Xiao Yi 'an Style". Xin Qiji's "Ugly Slave Close" title: "Boshan Road is easy to be safe"; Chen Tingzhuo said: "Yi Lee's ci is safe and unique" (Bai Yuzhai's ci). It can be seen that Yi 'an Ci has a distinct and unique personality.
Scholars in past dynasties have been devoted to the investigation and study of the classification of Yi 'an Ci. It is too general to simply divide more than 40 words into two parts: the first word and the last word. Due to hundreds of years of copying and loss, many words can not be completely determined by their authors and writing time, and it is inevitable to infer time only from the expression of thoughts and feelings, which will lead to omissions. In addition, many of Li Qingzhao's words are difficult to be grouped together. After reading more than 40 words, we can find that many of them have multiple emotional colors, belonging to both this category and that category. Therefore, after referring to the research results of many sages, the later scholars tried to divide Yi 'an Ci into the following categories according to the subject matter:
First, borrow flowers to hold classes
I don't know if it's because of my preference. No matter in the early or late ci works, Li Qingzhao has many lyric works by plum blossom. There are also some poems about chrysanthemums, laurels and plantains, which are numerous and of high quality, so I call them "borrowing flowers to cherish feelings" and put them into one category. Representative works include Jade House Spring, Red Crisp Breaking Qiongbao, Partridge Sky, Collected Works of Dim Feeling, Dolly Xiao Lou Leng, Snow-filled Middle-aged Years, and so on. In these works, Li Qingzhao did not hesitate to love plum blossom, sweet-scented osmanthus, chrysanthemum and other flowers with noble conduct, and devoted her personality demands to them. The language is fresh and elegant, and the rhyme is harmonious. It is catchy to read and close to human feelings, such as "It is incredible to wake up on a rattan bed and a paper bed" ("The Lonely Goose"), "This year, the ends of the earth rustled in my temples." Nature is a first-class flower "(partridge day)," Worrying about the night rain, dribs and drabs "(ugly girl Tian Zi) and so on. The meaning is simple but different from popular customs, vivid and easy to understand but full of elegance, which leaves a deep impression on readers.
Second, I always have human beings in my heart
It is a common phenomenon in women's literature that girls sigh Chun Qing and young women talk about the suffering of lovesickness, and Li Qingzhao is no exception. Such words are common in her early works. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family, a family of officials, and was carefree in her girlhood. Even the occasional sad sound is a kind of faint sorrow in the world, far from the deep and far-reaching sorrow in the later period. After being combined with Zhao Mingcheng, the two have similar feelings. With Zhao Mingcheng's official career, Li Qingzhao couldn't help staying at home alone, giving birth to a series of sad words about missing her husband. Even so, these words imply the happiness of correspondence and attachment between two people. Therefore, I put these words into one category, collectively referred to as "always pregnant with human beings in my heart." The main words in this category are: like a dream, the rain suddenly blew last night, Huanxisha, a chilly spring day, a cut of plum, a fragrant lotus root, a lingering jade, a drunken shadow, a misty sky, Huanxisha Xumo Cup and so on. These works are called "in my heart forever is pregnant", but they also show the deep affection between Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng, and the ease and stability of her early life. Even if the spring fades and the water is gone, between the lines, it also contains the lightness and beauty of asking casually "Do you know" and dreaming back to the mountain pillow? Even if the curtain rolls west, people are thinner than yellow flowers, and they can't do without the elegant bouquet of Dongli sleeves. Different from Zhu's loneliness of "I don't know who I am, but I can't wash away half my makeup" and Liu Yong's delusion of "I will plunge into my heart all my life and send you a thousand tears", this vivid sadness is the most distinctive feature of Li Qingzhao's in my heart forever Huairen Ci, whether it is cherishing Haruka or looking at her husband's poems.
Third, enjoy the class.
Describing the joy and peace of daily life is also an important part of Li Qingzhao's ci. These words mainly record some interesting things about Li Qingzhao's leisurely life, the sweet feelings of a girl's innocence, or recall her early happiness in a soothing style. This kind of words mainly include: dream, always remember the sunset in Xiting, touch the crimson lips, kick the swing, reduce the word magnolia, sell shoulder flowers, break the magnolia, start to get sick, have a whisper on both sides of me and so on. This kind of words usually have a soothing style, or bring joy to the mood, flow relatively peaceful and happy daily stories to the pen, and record the poet's truest life modality. Generally speaking, leisure and joy are more difficult to express and expressive than sadness, from which we can see Li Qingzhao's profound foundation and brilliant talent. In addition, I also put "pass on the magnolia, laugh at my sides when you are sick" into this category. Considering that the article "laugh at my sides when you are sick" has a profound aftertaste compared with "always remember the sunset in Xiting", but generally speaking, this word has no strong sadness, but it has lightness of body and mind after a serious illness and indifference to the people. Perhaps the word "it is normal to worry deeply". This is the main reason why I put this word in this category.
Fourth, travel and sadness.
In the middle and late period, the ups and downs brought by life gradually revealed Li Qingzhao's ferocious face. Especially after the disaster of Jingkang, Li Qingzhao experienced all kinds of pains of national destruction and death. The sudden change of fate made her writing style plummet, and the former light beauty disappeared, replaced by a heavy and sad love song of life and death. This kind of rich and deep mourning is reflected and combined in her poems. Representative works include: Sounding the Sound Slow, Wuling Spring, Fragrant Flowers in the Wind, Bodhisattva Man, Soft Wind and Early Spring, Bodhisattva Man, Gui Hong Sheng Duan, Yunbi Duan, butterfly lovers, and Seeing Sisters Off at Changle Pavilion at Night. This kind of words also contains the characteristics of the times that other works do not have, especially the sadness that life is about to die and the glory of the past is gone. The gloomy and dignified brushwork has exhausted all the sufferings of the times, allowing us to appreciate the poet's sadness and browse the historical reality of war and people's livelihood.
Five, the sigh of home and country
The reason why "sigh of home and country" is listed separately is because when these words have a sense of sadness, they are more magnificent than the inner sadness. The representative words of this kind are Linjiang Fairy, How Deep is the Courtyard, butterfly lovers, Thinking about Family and so on. Reading a few words can reveal how much masculinity there is, and the combination of each sentence is memorable, just like the faint sigh of an experienced old man leaning against the railing. This kind of words is similar to Li Qingzhao's words. Although there are not many poems handed down from ancient times, most of them are "passionate and concerned about the country, generous and vigorous", such as "Mulan is a good girl, always chasing thousands of miles" ("Madafu") and "I want to send blood and tears to the mountains and rivers, and sprinkle all over Dongshan" ("Send Hu Songnian to make gold"). Chen Yan's evaluation of Li Qingzhao's poems in "The Essence of Song Poetry" is "majestic and tragic" This lofty poetic scene and spiritual connotation are fully reflected in her such words. It can also be concluded that it is a good way to deeply understand literati's works by combining the study of poetry and prose and exploring the connotation and personality of the author's poems from different angles.
The above is the author's rough classification of Li Qingzhao's ci, in which there must be negligence and rudeness. I would like to ask Fang's family to correct me. Finally, two points need to be added: first, because words are a lyric style, their logical structure is not very rigorous, and some words can be classified into two or even three categories because of the difference of lyric subject and writing time. Therefore, when analyzing each word in detail, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of which category it should belong to after in-depth reading. Secondly, Li Qingzhao's first poem "The Fisherman Proud to Meet Clouds and Mists" has the flavor of wandering fairy poems and the meaning of dream poems. It is obviously inappropriate to list the category of "Remembering Dreams" as a single word, and this poem is the author's work about immortals and dreams, so I classify it as "the category of emotion" and temporarily as the category of "borrowing flowers and cherishing my heart".
Many women in the world feel sad about spring and autumn. Throughout the history of women's literature in China, names and works have been circulated. Although the number is far less than that of men, we can also see our daughter's talent everywhere in Haoran female literary world. Although Li Qingzhao is a woman, she is different. As a female writer with the strongest creativity and the highest artistic achievement in the history of China literature, she can not only boldly and sincerely express her passionate pursuit of love, but also has a strong literary color in her expression. In the works expressing her inner world and self-emotion, she doesn't blindly suffer herself. Instead, the sigh of home and country is integrated into the mind, and the ode of the characters is written into the works of mourning for the dead. The sentence contains both the femininity of women and the femininity of boudoir. Perhaps this is one of the important reasons for Li Qingzhao's lofty status.
Looking forward to your joining: joining.
refer to
1. China Literature History Yuan Xingpei
2. The History of China Literature Development: Sister Liu
3. China Women's Literature History Tan Zhengbi
4. "Female Word" Tan Zhengbi
5. The history of women's literature in China Xie Wuliang
6. Wang "Li Qingzhao's Notes"
7. Yu Pingbo, Selected Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci. Selected notes
8. Long Yusheng's Selected Poems of Famous Tang and Song Dynasties.
9. A Brief History of China Literature Lin Geng