In modern poetry, there are three units that focus on cultivating the ability of reading narrative. In the appendix of this textbook, there is an article called Reading Narrative. If you read this passage carefully, you will naturally understand how to read the narrative. When reading the narrative, we should not only feel the article as a whole, but also grasp the elements and clues of the narrative in reading methods and understand the basic requirements of the article. Grasp the structure of the article by clarifying the order and person of narration; Understand the ideological content of the article by analyzing the narrative and description; Understand the author's thoughts and feelings through research, discussion and lyricism. Accordingly, we should be able to improve our reading ability by reading narratives that we have learned or even have not learned.
After learning how to read the narrative, we should also pay attention to the key points of unit teaching when reviewing the texts of each unit. The teaching emphasis of these three modern Chinese units is: reading narratives in combination with stylistic features. Style refers to the genre of the article, and the stylistic characteristics of the three units are different.
The words in Unit 1 reflect major events, and belong to narrative texts with narrative and description as the main content. The training objectives are: ① to understand the rich ideological content of the text and cultivate noble quality and scientific spirit; Understand the characteristics of news and communication, and gradually develop the habit of reading newspapers; (3) Taste the concise language of words and try to be concise in the practical use of language. When reviewing the text of Unit 1, we should focus on the narrative elements and understand the narrative forms such as news and communication that are closely related to our lives.
"News" is news in a narrow sense, and it is a news style that briefly and quickly reports recent facts at home and abroad. Generally speaking, news has three characteristics: ① Let accurate facts speak; (2) report in time; ③ Concise and to the point. A message usually consists of five parts: title (some with subheadings), introduction, theme, background and ending. Sometimes the introduction, background or ending can be omitted according to the situation, and sometimes the background or conclusion is implied in the theme. News is often narrative, and six elements of narrative (people, time, place, cause, process and result of events) are often used in writing. The news introduction "A million troops of the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River" is the first two sentences, and the main part is divided into three roads: China, West and East. The news "The American space shuttle Challenger exploded after liftoff" reported a lot of valuable facts around the center, and cited sufficient background information.
"Communication" is a news genre commonly used in newspapers, radio and television to record typical events and people. Communication has the characteristics of news, commentary and visualization. Communication is always wrapped in a message, which is an extension and excavation on the basis of information. Therefore, it is more detailed and rich than the content of the message, more creative than the form of the message, more diverse than the writing skills of the message, more literary than the style of the message, but less timely than the message. Who is the cutest person? Three typical examples are used to show the revolutionary heroism, internationalism and revolutionary optimism of volunteer soldiers. Writing is mainly narrative, even if there is a lot of discussion and lyricism; The newsletter "Planting Trees at the United Nations" reported that Wang Guoxiang was invited to participate in the special activities of planting trees in Geneva and the desert control Conference. Through this person, this event and its wonderful plot and details, the theme is expressed.
There is also a news commentary in this unit, which also belongs to news style. Compared with news reports, news comments are theoretical; Compared with theoretical articles, it has news value. Being both theoretical and journalistic is the characteristic of news commentary, so it is often necessary to discuss and explain thoroughly on the basis of true and accurate things. Memories of the Challenger is to present the news facts reported three months ago, then repeatedly associate them, and then draw conclusions from a large number of facts, so that the article is naturally flesh-and-blood and full of vitality to convince people by reasoning.
The text of the second unit is the figure library, and the training objectives are: ① to grasp the author's thoughts and feelings contained in the sentence in combination with the context; ② Mastering some characteristics of narrative and improving the ability of reading narrative. The focus of review should be on the order of narration, while paying attention to the writing and sketching of details, and paying attention to the thoughts and feelings expressed by emotional words.
Four short essays, each focusing on describing a person's image or characteristics. According to the original life, A Changhe truly and cordially reproduced the childhood of Lu Xun and his eldest mother, in which he briefly recalled the details that his eldest mother liked to "observe carefully", put on a "big" sleeping posture, told a story about "long hair", and emphatically bought Shan Hai Jing, revealing the author's respect and nostalgia for his eldest mother. One Side describes the whole process of the author's meeting with Lu Xun. Although it was four years ago, Lu Xun left a deep impression on the author. After the death of Lu Xun, the author naturally expressed his thoughts and admiration. The story of "a girl in my family has grown up" is very simple. It's about how my mature daughter once let me down and how she impressed me. The truth can arouse parents' deep thinking and enlighten children to become talents. What is different from these three stories about others is my belief, which is Madame Curie's summary and review of her personality, life, ideals and beliefs. Simple language expresses sincere feelings and shows the personality charm of an outstanding scientist.
A novel shows a group of characters through narration. The story written in "Pear Blossom on the Post Road" lasted for more than ten years, with a great time span. In the narrative process, the author constantly sets suspense, and rhythmically interspersed with the construction and care process of the small hut, so that the story about the small hut has been fully and meticulously expressed, thus eulogizing the excellent quality of the younger generation represented by pear flower.
The third unit text reproduces the animal world, and the training objectives are: ① to learn to understand the text content on the basis of overall feelings; (2) Understand the description, discussion and lyricism in narrative, as well as the use of narrative language; ③ Recognize that animals are friends of human beings and further enhance environmental awareness. Review focuses on the overall feeling of the text, understanding the ideological content of the text, and carefully understanding the description, discussion and lyricism in the narrative.
The essay "Litchi Honey" praises the dedication of bees, which essentially tells what kind of person a person should be and describes a kind of life values. The essay Cat wrote three stories about raising cats. The main body of the story is "I", and the main idea lies in the lesson of the unjust case: making a judgment based on only a little suspicious sign will reverse black and white and hurt the innocent. The essay "The Flight of the Impala" shows an extremely tragic scene of the Impala people, and their valuable overall spirit and group consciousness are unexpected and dumbfounded. The essay "The Eagle in My Heart" reproduces the tragedy of the eagle being hunted and poetically depicts the majesty and tragic of the eagle. The essay "He Qun Xiang Kong" focuses on the battle between cranes and eagles, and also describes various scenes of cranes flying in the air. All kinds of wonderful cranes give people a sense of beauty, but what is touching is He Qun's amazing sense of community. All these articles about animals, just like this colorful animal world, are beautiful, and the symbolic significance needs us to understand carefully.
There is a unit in modern poetry that arranges poems, that is, the fourth unit touches 10 Chinese and foreign poems. The training objectives are: ① to experience the rich imagination, beautiful artistic conception and sincere emotion in poetry; ② Poetic language with vivid, implicit and concise taste. The focus of learning is still reading, reciting and appreciating. Only by reading repeatedly can we appreciate the rich imagination, beautiful artistic conception and sincere feelings expressed by the poet in his poems; We must be able to recite the famous poems learned in this unit skillfully, and even write them accurately, so as to accumulate language, knowledge and ideas; If we read the article "How to Read Poetry" in the appendix of the textbook, we can naturally grasp some regular things about appreciating poetry. To appreciate poetry, of course, we should understand the characteristics of this style and its lyricism and sensibility, so we should pay attention to its emotional connotation, metaphor and symbol, understand the specific atmosphere created by its images, and understand the deep meaning behind the sentence through association and imagination between the lines, so as to accurately grasp the deep affection contained in it, that is, read its meaning. When you appreciate poetry, you must not let go of the relevant explanations in the tips, notes and small materials after class. We must carefully consider these background materials and closely combine them with specific works and authors in order to get an accurate understanding. Appreciating poetry is based on knowing what it is, especially repeatedly tasting its refined, beautiful, vivid and vivid language. The skills of learning poetry are here, and the effective methods of reviewing poetry are also here.
The training objectives of the two units of ancient poetry and ancient prose are: ① to perceive the text as a whole and to be able to translate key texts and paragraphs into modern Chinese with the help of annotations; (2) Understand ancient life, feel many people, and learn the methods of writing people; (3) Explore the skills of scenery description in the text, appreciate the beautiful natural scenery and improve the aesthetic taste; 4 appreciate beautiful, wonderful, vivid and concise language; ⑤ Read famous poems and recite them. In the process of reciting, carefully appreciate famous sentences and experience the thoughts and feelings in the works. The key points of learning ancient poetry are: reading the back and understanding the main idea. Lessons 25 and 30 10 ancient poems, two short essays in lessons 25 and 30, a biography of Mr. Wuliu in lesson 26, and Little Stone Pond in lesson 27 require memorization. Other articles require "familiarity with reading the text". If you are interested, you'd better recite it, which is beneficial as a cultural accumulation. Reading these texts reflecting ancient life, we should not only read the texts repeatedly, understand the main idea of the texts, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and master the necessary notional words, function words, loanwords and classical Chinese sentence patterns, but also concentrate on trying to figure out how the ancients wrote people, remembered stories, described situations and expressed their emotions. Because ancient people wrote short stories with concentrated plots, beautiful and concise language and vivid expression, these are very enlightening and helpful for us to learn and master narrative. For example, Su Shi's Night Tour in Chengtian Temple is only over 80 words. In a few words, it describes the fragments of daily life, creates the artistic world of Leng Yan, and conveys the author's profound mood. The language is simple and natural, poetic and picturesque, and it is particularly affectionate and interesting to read carefully. Shen Fu's "Idle Fun" skillfully uses metaphor and exaggeration, and with the help of association and imagination, it narrates the interesting things of childhood with vivid brushstrokes, which is full of childlike interest. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the plot was described according to the three different stages of the emergence, development and resolution of contradictions, and vivid characters were created in the conflict. In writing, the brushstroke turns, layers turn, leaps forward, twists and turns are steep, and the language is concise and profound. Another example: Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges shows us the magnificent scenery of the four seasons of the Three Gorges; Liu Zongyuan's Story of Little Stone Pond is full of emotion, which makes people feel a little sad while enjoying the vivid image of the scene. The meticulous "Watching Tide" interweaves natural beauty and humanistic beauty, which is not only a landscape painting, but also a genre painting. It is refreshing to read, as if swimming in a painting. These are all examples where we learn to write landscape notes to express our feelings. In addition, Yan Zi's keen thinking in two stories and philosophy in four fables are also good materials for us to know and understand life. As long as we carefully ponder these ancient texts, we will certainly get beneficial nutrition from these classic cultures, and we will be more sensible and further learn to be a man.
Write an application
The writing teaching of this textbook is mainly to train narrative writing, and * * * has arranged seven overall composition exercises, focusing on learning narrative life experiences and expressing feelings and understanding of life. Two of them were free writing exercises, which fully gave us the opportunity to write our own songs; There are five kinds of composition training, each with its own emphasis (in turn: reasonably explaining narrative elements, correctly using narrators, mastering common narrative methods, learning to write news, and learning to write newsletters), all of which are equipped with relevant guiding articles and can be combined with reading unit teaching. Reviewing the writing of this volume is to consolidate these writing knowledge and strengthen these writing skills. At the same time, you should know at least two things:
First, when writing notes, you must contact your own life reality. Whether it is a propositional composition, a semi-propositional composition, or a self-made topic composition based on materials or situations, you should choose people and things you are familiar with to write and say what you want to say. Life is colorful, with countless people and things worth writing about; Life is full of flavor, and precious feelings and family ties are every specialty; Life is generous, and inexhaustible materials are waiting for us to explore and process with perfection. We should understand life, pay attention to every day in life and write every article in our composition.
Second, consciously explore the skills and art of narrative writing. From elementary school to grade two, we read a lot of narratives. We know what points we should master when reading narrative and apply this knowledge to our writing practice. Through my own conception, layout and planning, I write my own understanding, knowledge, views and feelings about people and things, clearly explain the narrative elements, arrange the narrative order reasonably, and use the narrative person appropriately, with clear theme and rich content. If we can further pursue narrative writing skills, I believe that strong interest will inevitably stimulate writing wisdom, and we will gradually become as skilled as experts.
China knowledge
The Chinese knowledge arranged in this book has two contents. First, grammar knowledge, including the main characteristics of Chinese combinations, phrases and types of phrases, the expansion of phrases, and the problems that should be paid attention to when using phrases; The second is rhetorical knowledge, including exaggeration and rhetorical questions. This knowledge is arranged as an integral part of this textbook, with both knowledge explanation and examples for easy study and review. Because this part of knowledge is not tested, you can operate according to your actual situation when reviewing. Or concentrate on arranging a time for systematic review, or break it down into reading units to review one content at a time, or infiltrate into Chinese learning to digest and absorb at any time; If you feel that there is too much homework and the final review time is not enough, you may wish to review and consolidate after the final exam. Although review is not a simple repetitive study, don't stick to Chinese knowledge, because the key to Chinese knowledge lies in "use". Life belongs to China, and China people are everywhere. It is often more effective to combine these Chinese knowledge with the practice of Chinese listening, speaking, reading and writing. The application of these Chinese knowledge should be extended to daily life and study life, and the background of consolidating these knowledge will be broader.
Discourse practice
This book has arranged two oral communication activities. First, we should pay attention to the way of speaking, which can be roughly divided into two types: outspoken and euphemistic. At home, between relatives and friends, when you can say everything, you may wish to be outspoken; For unfamiliar people, for some very sensitive areas, and for topic cases that may lead to misunderstanding or even conflict, we'd better think twice before speaking. Be polite when you should be polite, and try to hint at your meaning in your words. If you speak in the right way, the effect of words will be ideal. Of course, this is different from rhetoric, lip service, or indecision and incoherence. Second, speaking depends on the object, starting from the different characteristics of the object, creating a harmonious atmosphere to achieve the purpose of speaking. The different characteristics of the object include gender, age, identity, occupation, hobbies, cultural accomplishment, social background, psychological and emotional state, etc. Knowing this actually exercises our observation ability. We should also understand that the "review" of oral communication should be synchronized with learning and should be strengthened at any time.
There are five Chinese practice activities in this volume, all of which are related to classroom teaching to varying degrees and can complement each other. Students can complete these activities independently under the guidance of teachers. Stimulate curiosity and creative thinking through Chinese knowledge contest, enhance the ability to understand, remember and express idioms through idiom story contest, improve language accomplishment and cultivate sentiment through classical poetry recitation contest, establish your ability to express yourself in public through Putonghua speech contest, and cultivate the spirit of daring to think, dare to rush, dare to ask and dare to explore through social interviews and writing. The first four activities can enrich campus cultural life and need to be collected, sorted and designed with great efforts; The latter activity can go out of the campus to train troops on the spot, and it should be carefully planned and put in place. If you want to say "review" in this respect, it would be nice to replace it with a special summary and evaluation.
As for the practical knowledge of the appendix, such as thank-you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, congratulatory letter (congratulatory letter, congratulatory message), meeting minutes, etc. We should all look at it, at least know its purpose and format, and it is good to be able to write and use it.
Read-write instruction
( 1)
A crescent moon rises, and we walk in the swaying pear trees by the faint moonlight. The night wind in the mountains makes people's faces cool, and the white petals of pear blossoms gently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (A. swaying B. falling C. falling D. falling) on us.
"Look, there are others."
At the edge of the pear forest, a hut with a grass roof and a bamboo mud wall appeared. The room was dark, with no lights and no sound. Whose house is this?
Lao Yu walked over with a flashlight and found that the door was locked from the outside. There are two words written in black charcoal on the white wooden door panel: "Please come in!" " "
We pushed open the door and went in. The ashes in the fireplace are cold. Obviously, no one has lived in it for many days. A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(a A. simple B. simple C. simple D. simple) big bamboo bed with thick straw. The big bamboo tube against the wall was full of water, and I tasted it. The water is cool and delicious. Tired of walking, we decided to spend the night here.
Lao Yu swept the house up and down with a flashlight and found a few lines written on the wall: "There is dry wood behind the house, and there are rice, salt and pepper in the bamboo tube on the beam."
We started to make a fire and cook. The warm fire, delicious rice and hot foot washing water drove away our fatigue and hunger. We lay on the soft hay bed and thanked the owner of the hut. I asked Lao Yu, "What do you say this owner does?" Lao Yu said: "It may be an old man guarding the mountain and protecting the forest."
1, to add some words.
Lean on () and taste ()
2. Choose the correct word in brackets and fill it in the horizontal line.
3. The words "faint", "cool" and "light" in paragraph 1 are all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Paragraph 1 of the selected text depicts a picture of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the appearance of pear blossoms gives us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; This scene description sets off the _ _ _ _ _ mood when "we" find someone else.
5, the description of the environment should not only highlight the characteristics, but also pay attention to the observation order. In the selected text, the introduction of the environment of the shack adopts the order of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
6. In the article, find four partial phrases to describe the enthusiasm and thoughtfulness of the cabin owner from the side:
____、 ____、 _____、 ________
7. The anthology describes a small hut, but it actually describes the human spirit.
8. The words "Come in" written on the white wooden door of the hut show.
9. Are the sentences with straight lines written in the text details or sketches? Why do you want to write like this?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10, from what aspects did the author describe the small hut?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 1. The selected text describes the environment of the hut in detail. From these descriptions, we can see that the owner of the small hut is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ person.
12, "Whose house is this?" It plays a fascinating role in the structure of the full text.
13, Lao Yu said that the owner of the small hut "may be an old man guarding the mountain and protecting the forest." What is the basis?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14, please write a subtitle for this passage: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15 write a narrative of about 600 words with the topic of "Strange Friends" and drawing lessons from the writing method of "Pear Blossom on the Post Road".
[Reference answer]
1. 1，yǐ cháng 2，B A 3。 Describe AA degree 4. The moonlight in the pear garden is a kind of hope and comfort. 5. From the outside to the inside, from far to near. 6. Incense warm rice, hot foot washing water and soft hay shop. 7. Environment Lei Feng. 8. The enthusiasm and sincerity of the cabin owner. 9. Because of firewood, rice, salt, etc. It's all the daily necessities of passers-by. In this way, we can see that the owner of the small hut is considerate and meticulous to passers-by and shows the spirit of helping others. 10, outdoor environment; Furniture in the house; Indoor notice 1 1, willing to serve the people, sincere and enthusiastic, meticulous and thoughtful 12, set the full text of suspense 13, prompt: the hut is in the deep mountains, next to the pear tree forest, so its owner may be the person who guards the mountain and protects the forest; There are many old people who are merciful, and there are many old people who guard mountains and protect forests. The man guarding the mountain and protecting the forest may be an old man. 14, (as long as the content can be summarized) 15, (omitted)
(2)
If life deceives you,
Don't be sad, don't be impatient!
You need to keep calm in blue days;
Believe it, happy days will come.
My heart always yearns for the future,
Now it is often melancholy:
Everything is instantaneous, and everything will pass;
And what has passed will become a kind of nostalgia.
1, this poem has two aspects, which can be summarized as follows:
①__________________________________②____________________________________
When Pushkin wrote this poem, he was exiled by the czar and lived a hard life. His mental depression once made him feel sad that his future was bleak and his ambition was hard to pay. Can you feel this sentimental feeling from this poem? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________
The language of poetry should be vivid, but this poem is full of persuasion. Does this contradict the linguistic features of poetry? Talk about your opinion.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. What the poet wants to warn us through this poem is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
This is a well-known _ _ _ _ _ poem, and many people copy it in their notebooks as an inscription to encourage their initiative.
6, life will inevitably encounter a lot of adversity, the strong should only think that this is a kind of tempering, smashing thorns and thorns, and finally making achievements. Please write an article of not less than 500 words on the topic of "Inspirational", reflecting the true stories and true feelings that have touched you.
[Reference answer]
1, ① Caution (don't bow before setbacks) ② Hope (hope for the future) 2. No. Because the poem is full of the poet's "calmness" in the face of difficulties and setbacks, "believe it, happy days will come" and full of confidence in the bright future, it can be seen that the poet has come out of the sadness at the beginning of exile. 3. There is no contradiction. Because this poem was inscribed by the poet in the picture book of a little girl next door, and it is the poet's exhortation and entrustment to his beloved child, it is kind, natural and affectionate with this persuasive tone. No matter what losses and setbacks we encounter in life, we should not lose our determination to fight. We must believe that everything is short-lived, light will drive away darkness, and justice will overcome evil. 5, philosophical rights 6, (omitted)
(3)
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls flying in them. Rong Qing Junmao, it's fun.
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!"
1, explain the added words.
① Good () interesting ② Belonging to () leads to () sadness.
2. Translate sentences.
(1) Hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in between. ______________________________________________________
(2) The hollow valley rings, and the sorrow turns for a long time. ______________________________________________________
3, "Rong Qing Junmao", how to pause when reading aloud to accurately convey the meaning?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. In this paper, spring, winter and autumn are selected to describe the scenery, among which the scenery characteristics of the Three Gorges in spring and winter are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which the author directly describes; The autumn scenery of the Three Gorges is characterized by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
5. "Canglang Qingchi" is composed of two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ phrases, and "Back" is composed of two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
6. What's the use of writing apes' cries and quoting fishing songs? Analysis of trial work.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. What does the author feel from the sentence "It's fun"?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
8. Choose an animal or scenery, give priority to narration and description, and write a short passage in other ways. Requirements: in addition to objective narration, write your own feelings and have your own unique views; Or through association and imagination, it shows some symbolic significance.
[Reference answer]
1, ① true, indeed ② continuous extension ②, ① hanging spring waterfall is there. (2) There was an echo from the empty valley, which was sad and tactfully heard for a long time. 3, Qing/Rong/Jun/Mao 4, Jun Mao (Qing Li Qixiu) Lin Han Yu Su (cold silence) 5, deflection torrent, quiet pool, clear waves, reflection 6, set off the sadness of late autumn with the cry of apes; In fishing songs, we can see apes crying in the gorge and listeners crying. Because of loneliness, he felt the sadness of the wanderer. From scenery to emotion, the writing is unique. 7. Pleasure caused by being attracted by the wonderful, lovely, majestic and steep scenery. 8. (omitted)