"Zhu Zi Yu Lei" said: "The ancients' compositions and poems were mostly imitated by their predecessors, because they have been studying for a long time and are naturally proficient."
Many of the poems we are familiar with In fact, classic poems all imitate and use the poems of previous generations. Here are a few classic examples.
I really like Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". There are many famous lines in it. Among them, "The falling clouds and solitary swans fly together, the autumn water lasts forever and the sky is the same color" is still praised today.
This sentence is actually an imitation of a good sentence in "Ma She Fu" by Yu Xin of the Northern Dynasty: "Falling flowers and twigs fly together, willows and spring flags are the same color."
Lin Bu, a hermit in the Northern Song Dynasty who was known as the "Plum Blossom Wife and Crane Son", once wrote a poem called "Little Plum Blossoms in the Mountain Garden". There is a famous line in the poem that has profound artistic conception and makes people forget to read it: "The sparse shadows are slanting across the sky." The water is clear and shallow, and the faint fragrance floats in the moonlight at dusk."
This sentence is adapted from a poem written by Jiangwei in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties: "The bamboo shadows are slanting across the clear and shallow water, and the cinnamon fragrance is floating in the moonlight at dusk."
Ouyang Xiu has a poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers", the upper part is "How deep is the courtyard, the willows are piled with smoke, and there are countless curtains. Where the jade saddle is wandering around, the building is high and there is no Zhangtai." Road."
Li Qingzhao's "Linjiang Immortal" directly quoted the courtyard: "How deep is the courtyard, the clouds and windows are often dark."
"Yunchuang Fog Pavilion is always in a trance" is a variation of Han Yu's poem "Yunchuang Fog Pavilion is in a trance, with many green curtains and deep golden screens".
(The preface to Li Qingzhao's "Linjiang Fairy" says: "Ouyang Gong's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" contains the sentence "deep, deep and a little". I loved it so much that I used it as "the courtyard is deep". "Several rows.")
Lu You's famous line from "Visiting Shanxi Village" is still often used to explain things.
This sentence also has the accumulation of many predecessors:
Wang Wei's "Lantian Mountain Shimen Jingshe": "I love the beautiful clouds and trees from afar, but I suspect that the road is different at first. I know the clear flow. Turn around, and suddenly you are connected to the front mountain."
Lu Lun once wrote a poem "Send Ji Zhongfu back to Chuzhou", which contains this poem: "I secretly enter the roadless mountain, knowing in my heart that there are flowers."
Wang Anshi wrote a poem "On the River": "The autumn clouds in the north of the Yangtze River are half open, and the dawn clouds are rainy but low. The green mountains are winding and there is no way, and suddenly thousands of sails are reflected."
< p> Song Qi's "Partridge Sky" in the Northern Song Dynasty borrowed verses from three predecessors."Painted hubs and carved saddles meet on a narrow road, and a broken heart is heard in the embroidered curtain.
There are no colorful phoenixes flying in the body, but there is a clear understanding in the heart.
Jinzuowu , Jade is like a dragon. Cars are like flowing water, horses are like dragons.
Liu Lang already hates that Pengshan is far away, and he is even more separated by Pengshan. Wings, the mind has a clear connection" is borrowed from Li Shangyin's "Untitled" (Last Night's Stars and Last Night's Wind).
The sentence "cars are like flowing water and horses are like dragons" comes from "Recalling Jiangnan: Hatred of Young Master" by Li Yu, the later leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
"Liu Lang already hated Pengshan Mountain for being far away. "Pengshan Ten Thousand Weights" is borrowed from Li Shangyin's "Untitled" (It came as empty words and disappeared without a trace).
There are countless such examples, and some poets’ famous lines will be borrowed by many people.
There is a famous saying in "The Golden Bronze Immortal Farewell to the Han Dynasty" written by Li He of the Tang Dynasty: "The declining orchid sees off guests on the Xianyang Road, if the sky is affectionate, the sky will also grow old."
Since then, It is often borrowed by later generations, for example:
① The upper part of "Little Plum Blossom" written by He Zhu in the Northern Song Dynasty is like this:
"The tiger's hand is tied, hanging at the mouth of the river, and the car is like a chicken perch. Horses are like dogs. I don't know if I am from Penghao?
② Ouyang Xiu once wrote "Reduced Words Magnolia":
"It hurts to leave my arms. If the sky is sentimental, the sky will also grow old. What does this mean? Thin as a light silk and as thin as a wave. On the shore of the boat, the maple leaves and flowers are blooming in autumn. Thinking about it is like a dream." ③ Wan Qiyong wrote a poem "Recalling Qin'e" in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty. p>
"Thousands of miles of grass. The luxuriant end is the distant mountain. The distant mountain is small. The distance is similar, how many mountains are there. If the sky has feelings, the sky will also grow old. This feeling can't be explained. It can't be explained. With a call, "Also startled by the spring dawn."
There is a saying in Qinguan in the Northern Song Dynasty: "After the rain, the grass is fragrant and the sun is setting, and the apricot blossoms are falling and the fragrance of swallows is fragrant." It actually imitates Wen Tingyun's sentence "The sun is setting after the rain, and the apricot blossoms are falling and fragrant." ".
Regarding Qin Guan's imitation, the master of Chinese studies Wang Guowei once said: "Although it has been reborn since then, it is actually a wonderful thing."
Imitation and creation in ancient poetry can often be Bring different feelings and artistic conception. Later, the ancients also liked to play the game of poetry by substituting flowers and trees.
For example: He looked up to the sky and laughed and went out. No one knew it was lychee.
Nowhere to be found after wearing iron shoes, but that person is in a dimly lit place.
(Serious statement: Children who are not familiar with poems and prose should not play this game yet!)
Regarding imitation and creation, the ancients once said: "The shallow ones steal their words, and the middle ones steal their words." Stealing the meaning, stealing the spirit."
Imitation is the first step in creation, as Guo Moruo said: "I have a writing secret, which is to read other people's books before writing.
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