This article explains it from four aspects. The first aspect is the simple classification of Chinese language. The second aspect is the current situation of Chinese learning. The third aspect is the difference between middle and high school Chinese subjects. The fourth aspect, the method of Chinese learning, focuses on the fourth aspect.
The first aspect is the simple classification of Chinese language. If we divide Chinese into categories, Chinese can be divided into two types, one is exam-oriented Chinese and the other is daily life Chinese. The so-called "knowledge of world affairs is knowledge, and knowledge of human feelings is writing", this is the second language. As the second language, life is language, and the denotation of language is equal to the denotation of life. When we enter Chinese language, we enter the most real emotional world. Human emotions, anger, sorrow, and joy can all be experienced in language. Not just an experience, but an experience in beauty. Beauty, this is the underlying principle of language expression. Even when criticizing ugly things, we can still feel the author's beautiful feelings. Learning Chinese is emotional education. Chinese teaches us love and hate. It teaches us to love everything that is good and hate everything that is ugly. It can be said that if you love Chinese, you should love life. If you love life, you should love Chinese. Learning Chinese well will make your life better. Therefore, in order to get into the ideal university, we must learn Chinese well. In order to make life better, we must learn Chinese well.
The second aspect is the current situation of Chinese learning. The current situation of Chinese language learning is not satisfactory. Some students think that no one can speak Chinese and that there is nothing to learn in Chinese, which is a mentality of despising Chinese; some students think that their Chinese score in the high school entrance examination is more than 130 points, but they did not work hard or learn from it in junior high school. I have never studied Chinese very hard and got high scores easily. I also want to learn Chinese like this in high school, thinking that good luck will always favor you. This is a kind of luck. Some students are willing to study theory but not literature, thinking that good luck will always favor you. Studying science, especially solving difficult problems, gives you a sense of accomplishment, just like the college entrance examination that only tests science but not Chinese, turning a blind eye to Chinese. This is a partial mentality that is irresponsible for one's own future; some students even I have tried hard to study Chinese, but I have never achieved the desired results. I think this is because the Chinese language study at the first level has not been well connected. Our students can compare their own situations with each of the above four situations, and if there are any, they can change them, and if they don’t, we can encourage them.
The third aspect is the difference between middle and high school Chinese subjects. To learn Chinese well in high school, it is necessary to understand the differences between junior high school and high school Chinese subjects. The difference that students are most concerned about is the difference between the college entrance examination paper and the junior high school entrance examination paper. In summary, there is a big difference. The first difference is also Differences in knowledge systems themselves. From the sounds, shapes and meanings of Chinese characters to the conception, layout and planning of articles, from the prose of pre-Qin scholars to European and American literature, high school Chinese knowledge is more systematic, involves a wider range of subjects, and the teaching content is deeper. To give an example: Judging from the textbooks, junior high school students learn general narratives, expository essays, and argumentative essays, while high school students learn complex narrative essays, expository essays, and argumentative essays. The modern literature reading test in the College Entrance Examination covers narrative articles with a wide range of content and a certain degree of difficulty in understanding, as well as novels and biographies with relatively complex content and diverse techniques. The second difference is that the requirements for students’ learning ability have increased significantly. For example, the "syllabus" for argumentative essays stipulates that in the third grade of junior high school, one must "be able to grasp the points of view expounded in the article, understand the argumentation methods, and understand the rigor of the language." However, in high school, it is required to "be able to clarify the layers, grasp the central argument, and analyze the argument." method, pay attention to the logic of the article", and in the third year of high school, it is further required to "be able to read general political, scientific and literary readings relatively skillfully, and have a certain ability to question, resolve doubts and evaluate". From "understanding" to "analyzing" argument methods, it is a qualitative leap; "clarification of levels", "logic", "questioning, explaining doubts, and evaluating" are all requirements that have never been found in junior high schools. The third difference is that because learning Chinese has become more difficult, the evaluation criteria have also changed. In junior high school, your Chinese score of more than 130 points is not considered a high score. It can even be said to be relatively poor. But in high school, if your Chinese score is over 130, If you can score more than 125 points in the college entrance examination, it is considered a good result. Usually the total score of Chinese language should be above 115, which can be said to be a good score. The fourth difference is that the time invested in Chinese language learning is relatively reduced. There are only 5 Chinese language classes per week in high school, and there are more subjects studied in high school than in junior high school. There are 8 cultural courses in the first grade, and some of them are final exam subjects. In addition, the learning burden of mathematics, physics and chemistry is increased, so that students The time spent on Chinese language learning outside class is very little. Such "reduction" actually increases the difficulty and requirements of Chinese language learning.
There is such a big difference in Chinese language between middle school and high school, so how do you learn Chinese well in high school?
The important thing is to pay attention to it. Attitude is everything. If you don’t study seriously, don’t be diligent in accumulation, and don’t learn these 150-point subjects as important subjects, it’s impossible to learn Chinese well.
The specific methods are as follows:
1. Write good calligraphy and speak standard and fluent Mandarin. Writing neat and standardized Chinese characters and speaking standard and fluent Mandarin not only reflects the basic skills of the Chinese language, but is also a requirement for the college entrance examination. Now the college entrance examination composition requirements clearly stipulate that one point will be deducted for each typo, and there will be no cap; even if the paper is unclean, it must be appropriate Points deducted. The main reason for the unclean surface and many typos is sloppy writing and careless writing.
However, some students do not pay attention to this problem. The handwriting is not good-looking. They jump and run around when writing, with missing strokes and few strokes, making it difficult to read. The teacher pointed out the problem for him and plausibly said that he would write seriously when the official exam comes. In fact, if you have not developed the habit of writing seriously, during the specific nervousness of the exam, when you remember to write seriously, the composition may be nearing the end. Therefore, we must be serious and meticulous when writing. Write words in a balanced and well-proportioned manner, with appropriate size and proportions, and in a standard and generous manner. Do not write typos, do not make random alterations, do not ignore punctuation, and ensure that the paper (paper surface) is clean. If your handwriting isn't ready yet, it's not too late to start practicing. As the saying goes, "It only takes a hundred days to practice calligraphy." That is to say, it only takes a hundred days to practice good calligraphy. Students might as well buy a good calligraphy sticker now and start practicing calligraphy now.
If writing good calligraphy is related to a person's face, then speaking standard and fluent Mandarin reflects a person's quality. Speaking Dandong dialect does not mean that we love our hometown, not to mention that our Dandong dialect is not very nice, and it also affects the formation of our sense of Chinese language. The sense of language plays a big role in our understanding of the text. When we usually take exams, we sometimes say I don’t know why, but I chose the right answer, which is a reflection of my sense of language and comprehensive language ability. Therefore, for Mandarin, we must not only speak it in the classroom, but also speak it in life, standardize our language habits, and reflect our higher Chinese literacy and comprehensive quality.
2. Develop a good habit of accumulating piecemeal and diligently
Each of our students must prepare an accumulation notebook. This notebook must be kept well. It will be of great use during review in the third year of high school. It is no exaggeration to say that it will not be sold for a thousand pieces of gold. Usually we have to write down in our notebooks words whose pronunciation, form, and meaning are unclear, ancient poems that need to be recited, methods summarized by the teacher, and relatively novel question types. It can be said that whether it is from textbooks or test papers, Whether it is from newspapers or magazines, whether it is talking or reading, as long as we are not sure about it, as long as it is taken in the college entrance examination, we should accumulate it. The way to accumulate is to write it down in categories whenever and wherever necessary. For study, Ouyang Xiu was good at using the "three up" time, that is, "right away, on the pillow, and on the toilet", while Zheng Banqiao used the sporadic time "in the boat, right away, and under the bed" to read and recite. The ancients’ spirit of diligent study is worth learning and learning from.
3. Develop the good habit of reading and reciting diligently
Reading and reciting is an important traditional method of learning Chinese in my country. It is an important way to accumulate language and cultivate language sense. Reading aloud can be included in the preview before class. Read each text aloud 2-3 times. During the reading process, make a stroke, check, ask, and write. Hold the book in one hand and the pen in the other. Think and read aloud. You can't read plainly and carelessly. When you read aloud, you must have clear enunciation, accurate intonation, reasonable rhythm and pauses, and the beauty of rhythm, accurately reflecting the author's emotions. When reading a character's dialogue, we must strive to simulate the character's mood and tone, so that the character's image can stand vividly in front of the listener. When reading poetry aloud, it should be sonorous and melodious, with well-proportioned tone, melodious rhythm, and musical beauty. Through reading aloud, the content, emotion, beauty of the sentences, and the rhythm of the Chinese pronunciation can also be understood. This helps to develop our reading ability and improve our reading speed, save more reading time for answering questions, and thus improve the accuracy of answering questions.
About recitation. As the saying goes, "What you dig into the basket is the food." It means that a lot of knowledge will only be useful to you if you remember it. Therefore, you must find ways to remember knowledge. Memory knowledge can be divided into internal storage and external storage. What is recorded in the brain is internal storage, and what is recorded outside the brain, in books, reading notes, diaries, excerpts, and computers, is external storage. The brain is a warehouse for storing knowledge. According to scientists, less than 10% of the brain's function of storing and remembering knowledge is developed and utilized. The storage function of the brain should be developed and fully utilized so that memory can store more knowledge. Therefore, we need to look through the accumulation book frequently, so that we can turn external storage into internal storage and truly transform it into something useful to ourselves. A lot of knowledge can only take root in one's brain through constant and repeated reinforcement of memory. Only by accumulating more knowledge can you fundamentally improve your Chinese language ability, and be able to draw materials at your fingertips when speaking, writing, and taking exams, enhance your literary talent in composition, and improve your Chinese performance.
4. Develop good habits of being diligent in association and practicing writing
The content of Chinese review can be consolidated through "thinking". It can be from point to surface, or from whole to part, or vertically or horizontally, to organically connect the knowledge points to form a knowledge system and imprint it in the mind. When you can't associate a certain knowledge point, you need to consolidate it in time through searching. There is no limit to the time and space you can think about. You can make full use of time and space no matter in class, after class, in school or outside school. When you are at the end of your rope, through association, you may be able to enter a state of "dark flowers and bright flowers".
As for practicing writing, you can write anything that is conducive to practicing writing. You can write about diaries, excerpts, beautiful scenery, characters, major events, and small things. We should pay attention to combining the training of observation ability with the training of feeling ability and thinking ability. When practicing writing, we should write concretely and vividly. We should insist on describing real things, telling the truth and expressing true feelings, so as to truly achieve "I write my heart with my hand". In this way, you can have materials, ideas, and emotions during the exam.
5. Develop the good habit of frequently checking dictionary materials.
When reading, you must develop the habit of frequently checking dictionary materials and other reference books. There are many types of reference books. In addition to dictionaries and thesauruses, they also include literature materials, indexes and other books for reference. The most commonly used reference books are dictionaries and lexicons. Such as "Xinhua Dictionary", "Modern Chinese Dictionary", "Old Chinese Commonly Used Dictionary", "Tang Poetry Appreciation Dictionary", "Song Poetry Appreciation Dictionary", "Idiom Dictionary", etc. Reference books can not only be consulted when encountering difficult problems, but can also be used as general books to read page by page, which is also very profitable.
6. Seize the forty minutes of class.
This is the most important point in daily Chinese learning. The forty-minute class condenses the teacher's hard work and wisdom, and concentrates the teacher's sweat and talent. Through every class and every text, the teacher not only teaches the students knowledge, but also teaches them a method and an ability. Teachers do not teach textbooks, but use textbooks to teach. Therefore, each of our students must pay attention to the forty-minute class, listen carefully, think positively, and speak boldly in class. After every class, every student has to ask himself: What did I learn and what did I remember? Even remembering a word, a sentence, or a method are all gains. Just imagine, if we have such gains in class every day, over time, our Chinese ability will improve. The formation of Chinese ability is exactly what Chinese knowledge achieves. The result of a certain amount of accumulation. Without quantitative accumulation, there will be no qualitative leap. Some students may think that for the exam, the texts are just examples and will not appear in the exam, and Chinese is not as good as mathematics, physics, and chemistry. If I don’t listen today, I won’t be able to understand it tomorrow (because our textbooks are composed of a (consisting of relatively independent texts), therefore they do not pay attention to the text analysis of Chinese classes. But we must know that our reading experience is accumulated in the analysis and explanation of texts. Without the accumulation of perceptual knowledge of texts, it is difficult to improve the reading level. If others accumulate them one by one, you are the one who accumulates them one by one. If you throw away the articles, you can imagine how much your Chinese proficiency will improve in three years. Therefore, students should pay attention to learning in Chinese class.
In short, students in the first year of high school should develop good habits of listening, speaking, reading and writing. When listening to class, you should pay attention to the combination of thinking and taking notes. Don't just think about it without remembering it, or just remember it without thinking about it; speaking means answering questions in class with a loud voice and cultivating your own language expression skills; reading means reading more and reading good books , and you must learn to read thoroughly, intensively and quickly; when writing, you must practice a good handwriting and achieve the "three cleans", that is, the strokes must be clear, the handwriting must be clear, the paper surface must be clean, and you must gradually improve your writing level . Learning Chinese well depends on good study habits, and the development of good study habits requires students to have strong perseverance and to cultivate them consciously and persistently. As Xunzi mentioned in "Encouraging Learning", learning should focus on accumulation, perseverance, and concentration.
I believe that all our Chinese teachers believe that as long as students are determined, they will be able to learn Chinese well, and as long as they are willing to pay, they will be able to learn Chinese well. Finally, I wish the students can learn Chinese well, get good grades in Chinese in the college entrance examination, and wish them a happy high school life.