[subjunctive mood]
Chinese translation is "subjunctive mood". It is a verb form that expresses the speaker's assumptions, wishes, doubts, guesses and suggestions.
Second, the grammatical structure
1.if structure (untrue conditional sentence-representing a hypothetical or unlikely situation)
Contrary to the fact, If clause
What I used to do.
What will we do now?
What you should do/have done/will do in the future.
If there had not been much rain in spring, we would have a good harvest now. [past]
If he smokes less, his cough may get better soon. [now]
If the speaker is late, you must speak first. [future]
Remarks:
(1) The' *' and' would' in the table above can be converted into should, could and may.
(2) If it is a complex sentence of time, the left and right columns can be matched and arranged.
Example:
If he hadn't taken that medicine, he might still be alive today.
[Contrary to the present facts] [Contrary to the past facts]
(3) If it can be converted into other forms.
Without your suggestion, our meeting would not have been so successful. [past]
(=> Without your suggestion, we would ...)
Your notes are almost illegible. Typed notes will be easier to read. [future]
(=> can be converted into: If the notes are printed, it will be much easier to read. )
I should see Dr. Smith. He may cure me. [past]
If he went to see Dr. Smith, he ...
2. Desire structure
Contrary to the facts
What I have done in the past
Is/was.
Future meeting
Remarks: It can be converted into other forms.
He talks as if he had done all the work. [past]
I wish I were a bird.
I hope he didn't do that.
I hope I will be rich in the future.
3. Shoulder structure
The clause consists of "should+ verb prototype", and should can be omitted. The verbs used in this structure are: suggestion, guidance, agreement, inquiry, request, refusal, desire, persistence, command, preference, proposal, request, suggestion, intention, etc.
The teacher advised him to read English aloud.
Note: When persistence means "persistence" and suggestion means "display, display", subjunctive mood is not used.
The expression on his face showed that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4. Would rather+clause
In this structure, the predicate verb of the clause expresses subjunctiveness in the past form.
I'd rather you did it instead of me.
5. subjunctive mood in the subject clause
Yes+adjective +that ... (should) ...
The adjectives used in this sentence pattern are: necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, appropriate, funny,
Strange, surprising.
Some nouns can also be used in this structure. It's a pity, no wonder ...
Yes+past participle +that ... (should) ...
The past participle used in this structure is the past participle that means "suggestion, request, command" and so on. For example, expected, suggested, requested,
Ordered, proposed, etc.
It's time for ... ...
Now I should go home. I should go home.
6. subjunctive mood in predicative clauses and appositive clauses
Predicative clauses are the same as those after nouns that need connotation, such as suggestions, proposals, orders, plans, ideas, advice, decisions, etc.
Use subjunctive mood in positional clauses. Its predicate verb application: should ++ prototype verb. In addition, connecting clauses cannot be omitted.
A little.
My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his suggestion that we put on a play at the English evening?
Third, the scope of use and judgment
1, subjunctive mood indicates an unrealizable assumption. This grammar is mainly used for if conditional adverbial clauses. It can also be used in subject clauses, predicative clauses and object clauses.
2. Judgment of subjunctive mood in 2.if conditional adverbial clause
Judge whether it is a true conditional sentence or a false conditional sentence. Subjunctive mood is only used in unreal conditional sentences. Through the meaning of the sentence, we can see whether the hypothetical condition can be realized, which is a real conditional sentence and cannot be used in subjunctive mood; If the hypothetical condition cannot be realized, it is an untrue conditional sentence, and the subjunctive mood should be used.
Determine which fact this hypothesis is contrary to. There are usually three situations: ① Contrary to past facts. (2) Contrary to the present facts. (3) It may be contrary to future facts.
Step 3 "step back"
One-step back method refers to the one-step back method of subjunctive mood to deal with the tense of clause predicate verbs after accurately judging which fact the sentence is contrary to. That is, in an untrue conditional adverbial clause, the predicate verb takes a step back according to the normal situation. That is:
1) contrary to the past facts, it is expressed in the past perfect tense form in the clause.
2) contrary to the present facts, it is expressed in the past general tense form in the clause.
3) contrary to the fact that it may be the future, it is expressed in the past and future tense in the clause.
In the main clause, modal verbs such as would, should and could are used to add a verb form consistent with the clause.
If I had come yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
In case it snows tomorrow, they can't go out.
Fourth, matters needing attention
If there are were, should, had had and if in the conditional sentence of 1.If, it can be omitted and the word order can be reversed.
2. In modern English, if the predicate verb in the conditional and clause is "be", its past form is generally "were".
3, subjunctive mood after the object clause wish, press "step back" to deal with the predicate verb of the clause. Note: Contrary to any fact, you can't judge by the tense of the main clause, but by the meaning of the clause.
In English, speakers have different intentions, so verbs need different forms, which is called mood. There are three tones of * * * in English:
(1) statement tone-statement of facts.
(2) imperative mood-requests, orders, etc.
(3) subjunctive mood-expressing subjective wishes and imaginary situations in imagination.
Subjunctive mood is a required question in A-level grammar (every year) and a special form of predicate verbs. Subjunctive questions are mainly divided into two categories: subjunctive mood of conditional clauses and subjunctive mood of other clauses.
Subjunctive mood of conditional clause
The subjunctive mood of conditional clauses is generally divided into three situations:
1. Contrary to the current facts, use if...V.ed, ... willing +V ... for example:
Sorry, I'm busy now. If I have time, I will definitely go to the movies with you. Sorry, I'm busy now. If I have time, I will definitely go to the movies with you. (Actually, I don't have time)
2. Contrary to past facts, if...had+V.ed, ... will+v.ed ... for example:
If we hadn't built so many reservoirs, the flood might have caused great losses to the people. If we hadn't built so many reservoirs, the flood would probably cause great losses to people. (Actually, it has been repaired)
3. If ... should be +v ... in ... if ... should be +v ... Ed (male name) ... if:
In case it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. There is little possibility of rain.
Note: Besides would, the predicates in the main clause of the above three situations can also be used as should, could and might.
4. Complex time conditional sentences. In complex time conditional sentences, the time when the subjunctive conditional sentence and the main sentence take action is inconsistent, so the predicate verbs of the main sentence and the clause should choose the appropriate subjunctive mood form according to the different time they refer to. For example:
If you had talked to him the last time you saw him, you would know what to do now. If you had talked to him last time, you would know what to do now.
If I were you, I wouldn't make so many mistakes last night. If I were you, I wouldn't make so many mistakes last night.
Second, the use of subjunctive mood in other clauses.
1. Used in the object clause after wish. This subjunctive mood generally has three situations:
(1) indicates the present wish. The predicate of the clause is simple past tense, and be is replaced by were.
I hope I can receive more letters from them. I really hope to hear more from them.
(2) Express past wishes. The predicate of the clause is the past perfect tense or could have been+v.ed.
I wish I $ TERM had paid more attention to math study last year. I wish I had spent more time on math last term.
(3) It expresses an unlikely wish in the future, and the predicate of the clause is would+v..
I hope he will invite me to the party this weekend. I hope he can invite me to the party this weekend.
Used in It is about(high)time+that clause. The predicate of that clause can be omitted in the simple past tense.
It's time for us to do morning exercises. It's time for us to do morning exercises.
There are two kinds of predicate verbs in the object clauses of "would rather be faster" and "would rather be faster":
(1) indicates the present or future subjunctive tense, and the predicate is generally the simple past tense;
② Represents the past virtual past perfect tense. For example:
I'd rather you came next week than today.
I'd rather not finish this task.
3. Used in the object clause expressing orders, suggestions, demands and wishes, the predicate verb is should+v. (Should can be omitted).
The law requires everyone to take a driving test.
Such common verbs are: suggestion, demand, insistence, decision, suggestion, command, proposal, inquiry, objection, urging, voting, demand, recommendation, command, desire and so on. Nouns derived or transformed from the above verbs should also use this form in appositive clauses and predicative clauses. For example:
It is suggested that Brown be removed from the team. It is suggested that Brown should leave the team.
In it. was+ adjective (participle) +that clause, its predicate verb is (should)+v. For example:
It is important for children to be honest with their parents. It is very important for children to be honest with their parents.
The adjectives commonly used in this sentence pattern are: important, urgent, important, vital, more desirable, vital, appropriate, necessary, desirable, suggested, persistent, suggested, ordered, required, ordered and so on. If these adjectives or participles are used as object complements, then the predicate verb of the object clause guided by that is also in the form of (should)+v, such as:
I think it necessary for her to have her bike repaired. I think it necessary for her to have her bike repaired.
5. In the adverbial clauses guided by if, as if and if only, it means that contrary to the present facts, the predicate verb uses the simple past tense; Contrary to the past facts, use the past perfect tense. For example:
If he had told us the truth from the beginning, things would not have become so bad. If he had told us the truth earlier, things would not have been so bad.
3. Some special cases of subjunctive mood
1.if only is used in simple sentences to express unfinished wishes in the simple past tense; Use the past perfect tense to express the unfulfilled wishes in the past. Just ...! )
I wish I were you. If only I were you!
He has already left. If only you had come five minutes earlier. He has already left. If only you had come five minutes earlier!
2. In the subjunctive mood of the if conditional sentence, sometimes the time expressed by the main sentence is inconsistent. We call this sentence a mixed subjunctive conditional sentence. The composition of the predicate verb of this clause should be adjusted according to the time indicated. For example:
If you hadn't stayed up last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. If you hadn't stayed up so late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.
3. subjunctive mood is used with prepositions without, but for (otherwise), but that, except for, only, but, or etc. On the surface, this sentence has no subjunctive mood, but in a deep sense, it belongs to subjunctive mood.
Without electricity, we will accomplish nothing. But for your help, we couldn't have finished the task so well. Contrary to past facts.
4. The predicates of the if conditional sentence are was, should and had, if can be omitted, and was, should and had can be moved before the subject to form an inverted sentence.
If he leaves today, he will get there on Saturday.
If you fail in the exam, you may not pass the course.
5. Clauses caused by lest, for fear, in case. The adverbial clauses of purpose guided by lest and case appear in the past tense, usually in subjunctive mood, and should can be omitted. Otherwise, you can also use the declarative tone. Because I'm afraid the clause will use should or may or might. For example:
Please take an umbrella in case it rains.
She covered her daughter with a coat to prevent her from catching cold.
(1) According to the stem content, judge whether it is a sentence with subjunctive mood.
(2) If it is a subjunctive sentence, judge what kind of subjunctive mood it belongs to according to the information words or related contents.
(3) Choose the correct answer that conforms to the determined subjunctive mood type from the four options.
(4) Substitute the answer into the stem to check whether it meets the requirements of grammatical structure and semantics (pay attention to some special cases of subjunctive mood).