-Western Jin Dynasty? Pan Yue? One of the three mourning poems
As the name implies, the text with the theme of "mourning" was originally written by the living to commemorate the dead, and the object of commemoration can be anyone. However, since Pan Yue wrote this group of "Mourning Poems", whenever it comes to "Mourning Poems", it has become a poem dedicated to commemorating his dead wife.
Pan Yue, what a strange man. This "rich second generation" and "official second generation" who lived in Jin Huidi's era were gifted at an early age and were called prodigies. He became famous in the world in his twenties, and became one of the main representatives of literati literature in the Central Plains at that time with gorgeous words and neat poems.
Pan Yue has an article "Autumn Xing Fu". At the beginning of the article, I said, "In the four years of Jin Dynasty, I saw only twenty cents in the two years of Spring and Autumn." In the 14th year of the Western Jin Dynasty, at the age of 32, he found white hair on his temples and wrote this poem with emotion. Later, in Bai Juyi's poems, there was a phrase "Autumn has been depressed and bitter for nearly twenty years", which is the reason why the word "Pan Bin" is often used in poems and songs, indicating that his hair is white, which is also the reason. Born as a gifted scholar and in troubled times, Pan Yue was not proud of his life. At the age of 50, he wrote an essay "Fu of Seclusion", recalling the ups and downs of his career, feeling that his career was sinister and expressing his desire to retire from the countryside. This is one of the works with a long theme of seclusion in China literature, and it is also the source of the word "leisure" commonly used today. There is a long preface before the main body of this fu, which records the origin of his writing this fu. The last paragraph says that I work hard in the countryside and I don't worry about food and clothing all the year round. I respect my parents and am friendly to my brother. "This is also my humble opinion." This is the way for a clumsy person like me to settle down. This passage is the origin of the name "Humble Administrator's Garden" in Suzhou, the mother of Chinese gardens.
Pan Yue is not only brilliant, but also extraordinary in appearance. When she went out for a ride by car, all the women in the street threw flowers and fruits at him. In Chinese, the two-beat two-tone four-character combination is the most primitive and stable structure. Later generations omitted his word "Pan Anren" as "Pan An" in order to juxtapose him with Song Yu or Cao Zijian. For thousands of years, China people may not have read the works of Pan Yue, but it is not easy to find a place that doesn't know that Pan 'an is an all-round development. Pan Yue also had a nickname "Tan Lang" or "Tannu", which later became the nickname of all handsome guys and the nickname of the lover's woman. In the Tang Dynasty, the spring water in front of the door is green every year. In Jin Ping Mei, there is the fragrance of "blowing to the pillow when borrowing the east wind" and the charm of "chewing red velvet and laughing" ... The predecessors of these "Tan Lang" are all Pan Yue.
Such a person has all the necessary conditions to attract bees and butterflies. According to the inertial thinking of our daily life logic, it should be that the probability of philandering is high and the possibility of singleness is small. But Pan Yue, the first handsome guy in this era, is the first infatuated person in this era. Yang, his wife, is the daughter of Hou Yangzhao, a calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty. They have lived together for more than 20 years and have a good relationship. After Yang died, he wrote many eulogies, including Song of Eternal Sorrow and Mourning Poems.
"Over time, winter goes to spring, and cold and heat suddenly flow." At the beginning, the mourning period expired, and one winter and one spring passed. Time flies, the seasons are fleeting, and time cuts back and forth slowly from people's hearts like a rusty blunt knife, leaving only wounds that can never heal. The Sri Lankan has passed away, and a small pile of loess will isolate him from her forever. But even if I can't see her, I still want to stay and protect this loess, so as to be closer to her. -but, how can it be close? This loess barrier is tenacious and impossible to cross. The dead are gone, and the living must live. There is no reason to stay, so we have to go.
Before I left, I once again looked around the place where I once lived. "Looking at that place and thinking about that person", how many memories are vivid. I can't find her figure between the curtains and the screen, only her handwriting is still there. Yang's father was a great calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty, and she probably wrote a good hand. Those words are still hanging on the wall, and the lingering fragrance of scattered ink has not dispersed, which makes Pan Yue suddenly feel trance again. She felt that she was still there and couldn't help looking for it. When she couldn't find it, she once again remembered the fact that she was gone.
"Disappointed, I was shocked when I came back." In this couplet, Pan Yue arranges the words beside the upright heart, with sad voice and shocking visual effect. The sadness of the death of relatives and friends around you is not only the shocking news or the sadness of the days when things happened. But in the long years that followed, every time I thought of this man, I felt dejected and felt that I had been exploited and fooled by ruthless reality. Then, in the bitterness again and again, I gradually realized that that person really died, a cruel but true fact! It really won't happen again.
Since they were born in pairs, such as Qi Fei, a wing bird in Hanlin, and the parallel swimming of flounder, why are they all "only once" and "midway analysis" in the end? This link is questioning and accusing. There is not only too much helplessness in the loneliness and desolation of completely losing that person, but also anger at the irresistible fate and endless yearning. Cold and summer are easy to flow, and the hostess's house is lost. "Spring breeze comes from the side, under the eaves in the morning." Spring breeze is still blowing in from the gap in the window, and drizzle is dripping along the eaves, which is not sad. A trace of wind and a drop of water are all natural things. It is only because hate is hard to disappear and worry is hard to solve that everything around you is against you, and it is only more annoying and deeper.
"When you forget to sleep, your worries accumulate day by day." You can't forget them when you wake up, and your sadness accumulates day by day, getting heavier day by day. At this time, I also hope that such deep sadness will pass one day. "When you are weak, you can still strike." , that is, Zhuangzi's left, said that when Zhuangzi lost his wife, Keiko went to mourn and saw the story of Zhuangzi's "singing while sitting on the drum". In Zhuangzi's view, a person's life is a natural cycle process, from the accumulation and deformation of qi to the sudden death of qi. It doesn't matter whether it exists or not. The dead are gone, and they have rested between heaven and earth. The living need not cry.
However, Zhuangzi's rational detachment does not belong to the sentimental Pan Yue, and he can never extricate himself from his sadness. The two poems behind Regret for the Past are of the same length. He repeatedly complained about the loneliness of losing Yang and the pain of missing her: "It's cold and windy, and I feel lonely in summer. Without a heavy burden, who is cold with the same age "; "The bed is empty and the dust is clear, and the room is empty and hates Taiwan", "I feel sad and cry"; "The lonely soul is lonely, and knows what the soul is" ... He described the real details of the scene with elegant words and neat poems, and expressed his true feelings, writing continuously and intensively.
Therefore, critics of later generations affirmed that this group of poems was affectionate and incisive, but at the same time they thought that Pan Yue was too loose, "the brushwork was too cumbersome to be abridged" and lacked "inexhaustible beauty", which cut off the room for readers to ponder. That's harsh. The pain in my heart can't be slightly reduced, and it will take shape after the end of the pen. How can words be "cut"? ! In that era when domestic slaves and concubines prevailed, they never remarried, which shows that Yang's death left him with great psychological trauma. No matter how talented and famous he is, he is also flesh and blood, not made of steel. No matter how strong and profound a man's personal feelings are, he can't talk about them everywhere or even show them. If he can't confide in his pen and be honest with himself, won't it only lead to internal injuries?
Women say that handsome guys are frivolous, and talented people are luckier, but it may not be. Men's understanding of feelings, even if not as delicate as women's, is equally rich; Their dependence on feelings is equally strong, if not as obvious as that of women. Gender differences, intelligence, beauty and ugliness of appearance do not directly lead to the essential differences in the basic needs of ordinary people in the world. Infatuation or not, in fact, what really matters in the end is not the subjective will of two people in this relationship, but whether the quality of this relationship is thick enough.