I left and moved to Languan to show my nephew Xiang.
Author: Han Yu
A letter in the sky, eight thousand in Chaoyang Road at night.
If you want to eliminate disasters for the wise, you are willing to decline and cherish the old!
Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress.
Knowing that you came all the way, you should have done it on purpose so that I could collect the bones by the river.
To annotate ...
1. According to the Japanese-Tibetan Travel to Xuan Ji, this poem is called "Demote an Official to Tide Pass". Move to the left: demote an official. The ancients regarded the right as expensive and the left as cheap, so they called it the left. Lan Guan: Not far from Chang 'an. Geography: "Lantian Pass, Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture". Xiang: Han Yu's nephew, who is 27 years old at this time, moved from Han Yu to the south all the way before he entered Kedi. In the last four years, that is, the third year of Changqing (823), Han Xiang became a scholar, followed by Cheng Dali.
2. A two-sentence letter: In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (8 19), Tang Xianzong sent envoys to welcome the Buddhist bones into the forbidden area, and sent them to the Buddhist temple three days later. The courtiers did not resist the protest. Han Yu devoted his life to promoting Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. At that time, he was an assistant minister of punishments, and he was alone in "remonstrating the Buddha's bones" and his words were extreme. Xianzong was furious and wanted to kill Han Yu. Thanks to the efforts of Prime Minister Pei Du and others, he was saved from death and was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou (see the Second Biography of the Book of the Tang Dynasty). This poem was written when I went to Chaozhou and passed by Languan. Chaozhou is Chaoyang. It is said that Chaozhou is eight thousand miles away from Chang 'an.
3. Ascension to Heaven: Palace, which means emperor here.
4. Eight thousand roads: Generally speaking, it is a long road. Eight thousand is not an exact number.
5. Qinling Mountains: Southeast of Lantian County. The horse does not move forward: Gulefu's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave": "If you drive a horse to Yinshan Mountain, the mountain will be high and the horse will not move forward."
6. Lijiang: This generally refers to the miasma water in the south. "Thirty-two years of Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong" contains the words of Uncle Jian's crying teacher: "It is a matter of time before death, and it is also a matter of time before my bones are collected."
Han Yu wasted most of his life as an official. At the age of 50, he was promoted to assistant minister of punishments for his participation in Pinghuai. Two years later, I encountered this kind of difficulty again, and my mood was very low, full of depression, indignation and sadness. The first four sentences are about the origin of misfortune and the meaning of injustice. He insists that he is "putting aside evil for the sake of holiness", which shows his unrepentant and indomitable intentions. The last four elegies are sad, but generous, neither humble nor supercilious, and the realm is broad and magnificent. This is the representative work of the seven methods of Korean poetry. He Chao's evaluation of it in Qing Dynasty was "depressed and frustrated", which was obviously compared with Du Fu's poems. "Ying Kui Fa and Sui Hui Review" quotes Ji Yun's words: "Words are extremely sad, but they do not fade". The Outline of Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties quoted Wu as saying: "The spirit and charm are hovering, and it is done by the method of articles. However, a Song School was established. " On the realm of poetry: "Changli wrote awe-inspiring and shocked people in the Tang Dynasty. That is to say, under this poetic theory, Bumpering into a Building and Tang Xian are unique in their determination. "
5 move left: downgrade. Han Yu was demoted to the DPRK for opposing Tang Xianzong's welcoming Buddha's bones. This poem was written on the way to Chaozhou.
6 Languan: Lantian Pass, in the southeast of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province.
Grandnephew Xiang: He is the son of Han Yu's nephew Han Laocheng.
Chao: Good morning.
Cloud on cloud nine: refers to the emperor.
10 Chaoyang: now Chaoan County, Guangdong Province.
1 1 Road 8000: Chaoyang is far from Beijing.
12 Ming Sheng: indicate the era of Sheng Tian Zi or Ming Sheng.
13 malfeasance: political malfeasance. Point to the Buddha's bone.
Ken: Ken.
15 will: because.
16 decadent: weak and sick.
17 cherish the old age: cherish the old age. By this time, Han Yu was in his fifties.
18 Qinling Mountains: Mount Zhongnan, a continuous mountain range, runs across the south of Shaanxi Province.
19 Oujiang River: On the Hanjiang River full of miasma (a poisonous gas that can make people sick in the southwest mountainous area of China), it refers to Chaoyang.
Enjoy 1
Han Yu's "admonition on Buddha's bones" is a well-deserved article. The article said: "I heard that Your Majesty ordered a group of monks to meet you.
Yu Fengxiang, a Buddhist bone, was promoted to ouchi, making temples welcome and support him. -Who are these people or what?
Cherish your life more? Burn incense fingers, a group of 100 people, undress and send money, from morning till night, take turns to imitate, for fear of being late.
Young people and old people run around and give up their careers. If the ban is not implemented immediately, we will go to all the temples and have broken bones and bodies, thinking that they are providers.
It is not a trivial matter to let laughter spread in all directions. -Buddha, if it has a spirit, it can be a disaster, and any disaster should be added.
I am a minister, and I have no regrets. "This poem and this article complement each other and are profound.
Social significance of printmaking.
The first two couplets were written "Left Dispatch", both of which were in one breath. The reasons for demotion are "play" and "play"
The original intention is to "eliminate evils" for the country, so "demotion" is not a crime. But "playing in the morning" and "disparaging at night" will be punished.
How urgent! How severe is the punishment of being demoted to "eight thousand miles away"! So, although "cloud nine"
High and unknown, intended to imply. The third sentence confidently declared that "I want to eliminate evil for the holy."
Ming didn't have the slightest heart because he was severely punished, and his upright character was obvious. "Chao Zou" and "Xi"
Fallen, ascend to heaven, the sage is corrupt, and want to get rid of evil.
"I wish to cherish my old age", with strong contrast and high generalization, expands and deepens the connotation of this poem.
The last two related topics in Guan Shi's Grandnephew Xiang. The author is far away, strictly ordered to leave, green and left home;
And the family also sent it away, and then came. When the poet went to Languan, his nephew Han Xiang, his wife and children,
I have no idea where it is. The author recalled in the Inscription of Women's Stories: "The more you do, the more you can punish others."
Can stay in the capital and send it by force. Female, twelve years old, is ill in bed. This not only shocked his father, but also caused the vibration of the corridor.
Mourning the festival of eating and drinking, he died in Fenggang, Shangnan. Knowing these situations, we will know that "the necktie is purely a situational language" and "environment"
Appreciation such as "the world is vast" is inaccurate. The upper and lower sentences of the neck chain each contain two clauses, and the former clause is written in front of us.
The scene, the clause behind it is lyrical. "Clouds over the Qinling Mountains" cover the sky and cover the sun. Looking back on Chang 'an, I don't know "home"
Where is it? "The road ahead is difficult, and it is strictly forbidden to reach the relegation office within a time limit. Why not" back off "!
"Cloud Horizontal" and "Snow Embrace" are both realistic and symbolic. This connection is rich in scenery, sad and inclusive.
Deep and wide, it has become a famous sentence through the ages. The author used to express things with the determination to die, but now he expects such things to happen.
Death, so arrange a funeral for Han Xiang, in order to "collect my bones". In terms of composition, I also took care of the second couplet, so
Although the language is sad and sour, it is full of sadness, showing a strong will to "do everything except evil" and "spare the rest of my life".
The whole poem is gloomy, desolate and tragic, winning the god of Du Fu's seven laws and making some innovations. The first two atmospheres circled,
"Poetry is based on literature" is full of poetic sentiment and has a far-reaching influence on the practice of Song poetry. Because Han Xiang was once called "Eight Immortals"
"Han Xiangzi" in the novel, therefore, is either a poem or a painting, so it is performed as a traditional opera novel and has a wider spread.
Appreciate Er Hanyu's life and take Buddhism as his own responsibility. In his later years, he tried to persuade Xian Zong to "welcome the Buddha's bones into the room", which violated the "master's anger" and was almost sentenced to death. After Pei Du and others interceded, he was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat by assistant minister of punishments.
Chaozhou is in today's eastern Guangdong, and it is indeed 8,000 miles away from the then capital Chang 'an. It goes without saying that the journey is difficult. When Han Yu arrived in Lantian County, not far from the capital, his nephew Han Xiang came to accompany him. At this time, Han Yu wrote this famous poem in tears. The first couplet directly expresses the reasons for his conviction and demotion. He dared to say that he brought this "crime" on his own initiative. Because of the crime of "one book", fate is "rising in the morning and setting at dusk". However, in the spirit of "if the Buddha has a spirit, it can be a disaster, and if there is a disaster, it should be added to the body" ("admonishing the Buddha's bones"), although he was severely punished, he has no regrets.
Three or four sentences "do everything except evil" are self-righteous, expressing indignation at being acquitted of loyalty and full of courage. Despite the disastrous disaster, he was still "willing to decline and cherish his old age", and he was strong and healthy, which made people see his integrity. Five or six sentences are lyrical and tragic. Han Yu wrote in the poem "Crying for Women": "Demote Chaozhou secretariat as a crime and take office; Later, my family was expelled and my daughter died. The burial building is next to the mountain. " We can see his mood when he left his wife and children in a hurry that day. Han Yu paid a painful price for the above. In the word "where is home", there are his blood, his tears and his anger.
These two sentences are retrospective and forward-looking. "Qinling Mountain" refers to Zhong Nanshan. Yun Du did not see his home, nor did he see Chang 'an: "There was a cloud between the light in the sky and me, hiding his city in my melancholy heart" (Li Bai's poem), not to mention that the son of heaven was above the "nine days", how could he be merciful? At this time, he not only cares about his family, but also worries about state affairs. "The horse does not move forward" uses the ancient Yuefu: "Drive the horse to the shady mountain, and the mountain is high and the horse does not move forward." He immediately went to the blue gate, where it was snowing and cold, and he thought of the danger ahead. The word "the horse doesn't move forward" expresses the sadness of the protagonist's disorientation.
Conclusion Learn from a painful experience, and be slow and steady. There is a saying in Thirty-two Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong that the old minister Uncle Jian cried when he was a teacher: "I am dying, but there are no bones left." Han Yu used his meaning to calmly explain the aftermath to his nephew. His meaning was closely linked with the fourth sentence, further revealing his unspeakable anger.
From the ideological point of view, this poem and "Buddha's bones express admonition", one poem and one article, can be called double walls, which can well show the progressive side of Han Yu's thought. As far as art is concerned, this poem is a masterpiece of the seven laws of Korean poetry. Its characteristics are as "depressed and frustrated" as Long commented, and its style is similar to that of Du Fu. Depression refers to his style and deep depression, and frustration refers to the subtlety of his technique: his brushwork is vertical and horizontal, and his opening and closing are turbulent. Such as "morning rise", "sunset", "nine days" and "eight thousand roads", which are in sharp contrast and highly summarized. I have a tendency to establish a strategic position since I came up. Three or four sentences use "flowing water pair" and fourteen words form a whole, which makes people feel natural. Five or six sentences jump off, write lyrical scenery, "clouds and snow embrace", and the realm is broad. The words "horizontal" width and "hug" height are extremely powerful. Therefore, the whole poem is magnificent and can produce shocking power.
Although this poem follows the footsteps of Du Fu, it can change into its own face, showing the characteristics of Han Yu's poetry based on literature. Rhyme has strict rules, but this poem can still be written in a "writing" way and used well. Fortunately, although there are "literary" characteristics, such as direct narrative methods and the use of function words ("want to do", "willing to do ordinary" and so on); At the same time, it also has the characteristics of poetry, which is manifested in the shaping of images (especially the May 1 ST and June 1 ST couplets, which have the image of the poet himself in the desolate scenery) and affectionate expression. The whole poem is full of narrative, scenery description and lyricism, full of poetry and mellow poetry.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
In the morning, a table of admonishing Buddha's bones was played to the emperor, and in the evening, it was demoted to Chaozhou, 8 thousand miles away.
Originally, I wanted to remove things harmful to society for the emperor. How can I care about my declining years?
Clouds cross the Qinling Mountains. Where is my home? It's snowing, and even my horse won't go forward.
Knowing that you are here, you must have some plans. Ready to clean up my bones in the miasma of the south.
Author brief introduction Han Yu (768-824) was born in Nanyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). Zhenyuan eight years (792) Jinshi. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. When he was assistant minister of punishments, he was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat, which angered Xianzong. Later, when he was in Muzong, he was called into imperial academy to offer a drink offering, and served as an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and an official minister.
He was a famous essayist and an important poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and Liu Zongyuan have different political views, but this does not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content.
The poetic circles in the Han Yu era have begun to break through the narrow world of Dali poets. Han Yu initiated a new school of poetry. He is good at driving the majestic momentum with strong brushstrokes, mixed with fantastic and mysterious interests, and endowing poetry with rich and magnificent colors, making it spectacular.
In addition, Korean poetry has the characteristics of "taking literature as poetry" in art, which has a great influence on later generations. Of course, there are also game words in Korean poetry that pursue grotesque and treacherous, which are not worth taking. He is the author of 40 volumes of Collected Works of Han Changli and External Collection 10.