The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Khan looked at the clouds in the north and killed the altar of Madden several times.
The son of the Han family is now in SHEN WOO, and he refuses to go home with his relatives.
Translation translation
Looking around, the Yellow River is drifting away, as if it were running in the middle of winding white clouds, on the high mountain of Wan Ren in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, an isolated city, Yumenguan, stands tall and isolated.
Why do you want to use Qiangdi to play sad willow songs to complain that spring has not come? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't blow!
Turkic leaders came to the Central Plains to find relatives, set their sights on their own territory in the north, saw the Fuyundui shrine in the north of the border, recalled that they had killed horses here many times in the past, and then attacked the Tang Dynasty with great pride.
But now SHEN WOO, the son of heaven in the Tang Dynasty, is aloof and unwilling to kiss the Turks, so this trip to the Central Plains had to come in vain.
Annotation explanation
Liangzhou Ci: Also known as Chusai. Lyrics for Liangzhou, a popular song at that time. There are Liangzhou songs in Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry (Volume 79) and modern lyrics, and Yuan Yue is quoted as saying: "Liangzhou, Gongdiao Song, Governor of Kaiyuan Liangfu Guo Zhiyun, Chinese and Western." Liangzhou, subordinate to Longyou Road in Tang Dynasty, is located in Guzang County (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province).
Looking far: looking far to the west. Far above the Yellow River: Looking at the source of the Yellow River. "River" means "sand" and "far" means "straight".
Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border. Qi: an ancient unit of length. Together, it is equivalent to seven or eight feet (about 265,438+03 cm or 264cm).
Qiang people: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a A Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-wind wind music. Why: Why? Liu: The song "Folding Willow". In ancient poetry, willow is often used as a metaphor for farewell. The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei: "I wasn't there yesterday, Liu Yiyi." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "
Degree: Yes. Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was named after the introduction of jade articles from the Western Regions. Therefore, Xiaofangcheng, located in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
Khan: an ancient title for the Xiongnu monarch, referring to the Turkic leader. Fuyun Team: The name of the temple is now Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia.
Come: auxiliary words, nonsense.
Spring breeze: some warm care or some image of human spring.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
one
According to the Records of Collected Legacies by Xue Yongwei of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period (7 13-74 1 in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to the Qiting to drink, and met the actors who sang and feasted in the Liyuan, and privately agreed to determine the name of the poem according to the situation of the actors singing poems. Wang Changling's poem was sung twice, and Gao Shi also sang one, but Wang Zhihuan failed one after another. It's the turn of the most beautiful woman to sing, singing "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan is very proud. This is the famous story of "painting a wall and hanging a flag pavilion". It may not be true. But it shows that this poem by Wang Zhihuan has become a famous one that was widely sung at that time.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the vast and magnificent scenery in the northwest. The first sentence captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.
The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). ). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an extra layer of "thin" meaning. A lonely city like Mobei, of course, is not a residential area, but a fortress on the edge, suggesting that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.
Poetry begins with a description of the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and bears the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but arouse people's sadness. Translate this sentence into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Song"? "Folding willow songs" "If you don't catch a whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. The custom of "breaking willows to bid farewell" was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will feel sad not only when they see willow trees, but also when they hear the flute sound of "breaking willow trees". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, and the willows are not green. If you want to fold a willow to express your feelings, you can't. This is even more embarrassing than breaking a willow to say goodbye. When people listen to songs in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow. The resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such rich poetry in the question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" is logical. Entering the poem with the word' Yumenguan' is also related to making people think. "The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty says:" I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but hope that Yumenguan will be born. " Therefore, the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Hehuang Veteran"), we will find that although this poem is extremely about the resentment of those who are imprisoned in the frontier fortress and are not allowed to return to their hometowns, it is tragic and desolate, and there is no melancholy mood, which shows the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "Why complain" not only shows the euphemism and implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that the frontier guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when they were homesick, so that they could forgive themselves. Perhaps it is because of the sadness of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".
Secondly,
This poem reflects the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the northern minority regime, which involves the Tang Dynasty? Xuanzong? Some historical events dealing with Turkic issues. In the Kaiyuan period (the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, 713-741), the Turkish leader killed Ceng Qi and Xuanzong as his sons, and Xuanzong allowed it. He also wanted to marry the princess, but Xuanzong only gave it generously and was not allowed to kiss. Later, Xiao Sha asked Yuan Zhen, the Tang envoy, who said, "Since Khan is the son of the emperor, is father and son a marriage?" Later, Sha Xiao sent his minister Xie Lifa to contribute to North Korea. Jie Lifa and Xuanzong shoot arrows and hunt. Sometimes the rabbit starts in front of the imperial horse, and Xuanzong draws a bow and shoots arrows, and wins at once. Jie Li dismounted and danced with the rabbit, saying, "Saint SHEN WOO is magnificent, chinese odyssey." Later, Xuanzong hosted a banquet for him and sent him a generous gift. Finally, he was not allowed to kiss. The last two sentences in the poem praise Tang Xuanzong's literary martial arts through the subtle changes in the psychological activities of Turkish leaders, indicating that his strength is enough to shock the surrounding ethnic minorities, resolutely act according to their unreasonable demands, and will never compromise with them for peace.
This poem eulogizes the rationality and restraint of the Tang dynasty in dealing with ethnic relations from the side, and reflects the strength of the Tang dynasty through the disappointment of the Turkish leaders in seeking relatives, which is full of national pride.