Experience from reading The Book of Songs 1 Marx pointed out: "In different forms of ownership, under the social conditions of existence, there stand superstructures composed of different emotions, fantasies, ways of thinking and world views." In the era when The Book of Songs came into being, our ancestors established an agricultural society with patriarchal clan system as the core in the Yellow River valley where natural conditions were quite difficult. In order to survive and develop, this society needs strong collective strength, stability and harmony of internal order, and accordingly it needs to suppress individual freedom and romantic fantasies of its members. It is in this "social condition of life" that the ideology and artistry of The Book of Songs are formed. Moreover, because the basic characteristics of China, especially the Central Plains society, have been maintained for a long time, The Book of Songs, as an important starting point of China literature, is regarded as a Confucian classic and has a far-reaching influence on later literature.
The lyrics in The Book of Songs are the mainstream. The Book of Songs is almost all lyric poems except the epic poem in Daya and several chapters in Xiaoya and Guofeng. Moreover, from the perspective of the maturity of poetry art, the level of lyric poetry is obviously higher than that of narrative poetry. And Homer's epic in ancient Greece, which is roughly contemporary with The Book of Songs, is completely narrative. Just as Homer's epic laid the development direction of western literature with narrative tradition as the main one, The Book of Songs also laid the development direction of China literature with lyric tradition as the main one. China's later poems are mostly lyric poems; Besides, lyric poetry has become the main style of China literature.
In The Book of Songs, a large number of expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing were used, which strengthened the image of the works and achieved good artistic effects. The so-called "Fu" is interpreted by Zhu as "telling the truth" in Shi Zhuan. This includes general statements and layout statements. Generally speaking, except for a few examples such as July, there are few sentences with arrangement in National Wind. There are many large and small scenes in Ya, especially epic. The basic feature of Ci and Fu in Han Dynasty is a large number of expositions. Although there are still many connections between The Book of Songs and Han Fu, it is not unreasonable to say that its original factors originated from The Book of Songs. Zhu's interpretation of "comparison" is "comparing one thing with another", which is metaphor. Metaphors are used in many places and in various ways in The Book of Songs. For example, Dream uses the change of mulberry trees from lush to withered to compare the rise and fall of love; "heming" uses the metaphor that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" to govern the country with sages; In Shuo Ren, the metaphor of beauty's hand, beauty's skin, beauty's teeth and so on are all good examples of using "Bi" in The Book of Songs. "Fu" and "Bi" are the most basic means of expression in all poems, while "Xing" is the unique means in The Book of Songs and even China's poems. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "Qi". The word "xing" in The Book of Songs is interpreted by Zhu as "talking about other things first, so as to stimulate what is sung", that is, paving the way for what is sung by other things.
The enthusiasm of paying attention to reality, strong political and moral consciousness and sincere and positive attitude towards life shown in The Book of Songs were summarized as the spirit of elegance by later generations, which directly influenced the creation of later poets.
In a word, the language form of The Book of Songs is vivid and colorful, and it can often achieve "twice the result with half the effort" and "moving thousands of emotions" (Wen Xin Diao Long Seeking). However, elegance, ode and national style are different in language style. Most of the chapters in Ya and Song adopt a strict four-character style, with few miscellaneous words, but many national miscellaneous words. In "Xiaoya" and "National Style", repeated chapters and sentences are often used, but they are rare in the aspect of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. Many modal particles, such as Xi, Zhi, Zhi, Si, Hu, Er, Yi and Ye, are used in national customs. These modal particles have also appeared in Ya and Zan, but they are not as varied as those in National Customs. The wonderful use of modal particles in national style has enhanced the vividness and vividness of poetry and reached a vivid situation. The different linguistic features of elegance, praise and national style reflect the changes of the times and society, as well as the differences in the identity of the creative subject. "Ode to Ya" is mostly a work of the Western Zhou Dynasty, written by nobles, which embodies the dignity of "Elegant Music". "National Custom" is mostly works in the Spring and Autumn Period, mostly collected from the people, which more embodies the freedom and boldness of the new voice and is close to the spoken language at that time.
Reading experience of the Book of Songs 2 "The Book of Songs" murmured these two words, as if seeing a green reed, like yellow edelweiss rushing all over the sky.
Reed is green, naive, the closest to nature and the most intimate. And the book of songs, 300 poems, is exactly like this: innocent thinking.
"Soft hands, skin coagulation, collar like a dragonfly, teeth like a rhinoceros, head like a moth eyebrow, smile smart and look forward to it." After reading this passage, it seems that the beautiful and dignified Zhuang Jiang is standing in front of us. She has a face that is ashamed to admire flowers, and has a charm of "as long as she turns her head and smiles, there will be a hundred spells and no color in the sixth house". People who read this passage will think that she is very cute, and those who understand the explanation of every word will marvel at the artistic level of the ancients: catkin grass, scorpion and rhinoceros, and talk about the connection between human beauty and nature. This is the embodiment of the closeness and admiration of the oldest simple people living in nature! At this time, nature and people have merged together.
"Looking for the Olympics, bamboo embarrassed. There are bandits and gentlemen, such as cutting like begging, such as cutting like grinding. " What a wonderful sentence! Think about it: In the mighty Qishui Shallow Bay, there are bamboo forests in full of green. They are tall and straight, do not bow to the wind and rain, do not bow to the scorching sun, just like a gentleman who treats people with dignity. The jade that has been studied and pondered is smooth, transparent, crystal clear and gentle as a gentleman. How apt these two sentences are! Here, compared with nature, man and nature are integrated. Although it is only a metaphor for people's quality and personality, today we can blurt out "warm as jade" and "hibiscus out of water". The era of "slim and graceful" seems nothing, but who knows if it is the ancestor of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely"
In the world of the ancients, they accepted, revered, praised and enjoyed nature with a heart close to nature. Their sincere feelings for nature can also be seen in a beautiful poem "Look at each other and pray for the Olympics, bamboo is like a basket, bandits and gentlemen are beautiful as stars". Compared with today's us, we think we can sing a sentence or two of the ancient "Guan Yu Dove", and we think we are young artists. We treat everything with impetuous heart in an impetuous society. After these two sentences, we are really ashamed of our sincere love for nature without purpose!
The Book of Songs is like a reed. If you want to really understand it, you must have a reed-like heart to truly feel the most primitive, pure and natural heart behind every word and sentence.
Experience of Reading The Book of Songs 3 Everyone knows that The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. This is a collection of 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. In the pre-Qin period, it was called "Poetry", or the number of poems was called "Poetry 300", which was originally just a collection of poems. However, since the Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars have regarded the Book of Songs as a classic and included it as the Five Classics. Its original literariness has become a textbook closely related to politics and morality, which is the so-called "poetry teaching".
The 305 poems in The Book of Songs are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. I like "wind" best because. "Wind" is the local wind, wind ballads, that is, folk songs around the country. "Wind" contains 15 local folk songs with 160 articles. "Ya" is a formal and elegant music and an orthodox court music song. Divided into "Fenghua" and "Xiaoya", there are 105 articles in one article. Ode is a music song for sacrifice, which is used to worship ancestors, pray and praise the gods in the ancestral temple. There are 40 existing songs. Confucius once said, "There are 300 poems. In a word, he said, "Naively. "
I think the "national style" in the Book of Songs is the most naive and simple, and the most naive and simple in the "national style" should be Guan Ju. What it sings is the voice of the people and the truth of the real experience of life. What is touching is that it tells the life experience and truth that all of us can understand, and its brilliance makes the literati's melodramatic and sour look pale, anaemic and disgusting. He is not gorgeous, but just like ordinary people's words, simple and true, hit the nail on the head, flesh and blood. Since ancient times, it has been an eternal truth and a natural law that men are outside and women are inside. Although we are young, we will understand that if we don't understand it correctly, it will bring prejudice.
Man, a monster, always creates some ghosts to scare himself, and always creates some shackles to put on himself, but he just doesn't want to look at himself in front of the mirror, inside and out. However, times are changing. Is human nature also changing? Men are not men, they don't have beards, they don't ride horses, they are covered in cream and their hands are weak. He is called a boy instead of a man. Women are not women, with thick voices, big arms and thick waist. Boys dare to do it, boys dare to say it, girls can't do it, girls can sing and talk, and they can't sing and talk. Industrialization not only turns people into products produced by assembly line, but also turns the true feelings of men and women into canned food, instant noodles, chocolate, cosmetics, shampoo and bubble gum produced by assembly line.
Compared with the ancients, is this our luck or misfortune?
The Book of Songs is pure and innocent. What about people now? Men are afraid to say what they think, just pretending, like ancient little ladies. Women are not ashamed at all, dare to raise their fists and dance wildly, and even intimidate men, just like bandits. There is a great contrast with the character of the ancients. I really don't know whether we are lucky or unlucky.