Musical form
China ancient poetry can be divided into poems, words and songs according to musical forms. Poetry can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. Qu can be divided into Sanqu and Drama.
Poetry in ancient style
Classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, refers to poems before the Tang Dynasty. Including The Book of Songs, Songs of the South and Yuefu. Poems of ancient poetry genres, such as Song, Xing, Bao, Qu and Yin, are also ancient poems. Classical poetry is free in meter, without antithesis, even in level, wide in rhyme and unlimited in length. There are four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous sentences.
The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Modern poetry includes metrical poems and quatrains. The metrical poems in Tang Dynasty can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains. The rhythm is rigorous, and there are definite sentences (eight sentences per sentence), definite characters (five or seven words), definite sounds (flat and parallel) and definite pairs (two couplets in the middle).
Extended knowledge
The most obvious difference between quatrains and metrical poems is the different number of sentences. Each quatrain usually has five words and seven words, referred to as five quatrains and seven quatrains for short. The antithesis of quatrains is not as strict as that of ordinary poems.
The quatrains before the Tang Dynasty are called archaic quatrains, which rhyme smoothly and freely. The quatrains after the Tang Dynasty are called near-body quatrains, and most of them do not pay attention to antithesis, which is called prose style. How does "Hometown Lianshu" say: "When a teenager leaves home, the local accent will not change. When children meet and don't know each other, they smile and ask where the guests are from. " Some quatrains are like half of a metrical poem, and the meter is the same as the first four sentences, the last four sentences or the middle four sentences of a metrical poem.
The first four sentences are the same as the last two, such as Meng Haoran's "Sleeping at Jiande": "My boat is advancing in the fog, the day is getting shorter, and the memories of the old days begin. The sky is wide, the trees are low, and how clear the moon is in the water! . "
The first two sentences and the last four sentences are opposite, such as Wang Zhihuan's "Heron Lodge": "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " Both are four sentences in rhyme, and the two sentences are opposite, such as Du Fu's quatrain: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. "
Words, also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs, Yuefu and so on. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. Different words can be divided into long tones (above 9 1 word), middle tones (59-90 words) and short tones (within 58 words).
Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.