Guo? fēng？ Wei? fēng？ Mugua
Wei Guofeng feng papaya
tóu wǒyǐmüguā，bào zh yǐqióng jū；
Give me papaya and pay it back with Joan;
fěi bào yě，yǒng yǐ？ Wei? hǎo？ yě！
Not to thank you, always cherish your feelings.
tóu wǒyǐmütáo，bào zh yǐqióng yáo；
Cast me with Mu Tao and repay me with Qiong Yao;
fěi bào yě，yǒng yǐ？ Wei? hǎo？ yě！
Not to thank you, always cherish your feelings.
jiǔ；
Vote for me with Kiichigo and pay me back with Qiong Jiu;
fěi bào yě，yǒng yǐ？ Wei? hǎo？ yě！
Not to thank you, always cherish your feelings.
Phoenix Papaya is a poem in The Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in ancient China. The whole poem consists of three chapters, each with four sentences. There is a lot of controversy about the theme of this poem. After textual research and interpretation by Han people, Song people, Qing people and even today's scholars, there are seven sayings about this poem in the history of literature, such as "Beauty Qi Huangong", "Men and women give and answer", "Friends give and answer", "Courtiers pay back", "Defenders pay back", "Bribery of gifts" and "Expressing the meaning of reciprocity". In art, the sentences of the whole poem have a high degree of overlap and repetition, and have a strong musicality. However, the uneven sentence patterns have caused ups and downs, achieving the effect of both sound and emotion, with a strong folk song color.
Vernacular translation
You give me papaya, and I give it to Joan in return. Not just thanking, but cherishing feelings and being friends forever.
You give me Mu Tao, and I will give Qiong Yao in return. Not just thanking, but cherishing feelings and being friends forever.
You give me Muli, and I'll take Joan Jiu in return. Not just thanking, but cherishing feelings and being friends forever.
Sentence annotation
⑴ Papaya: Deciduous shrub (or small tree) of Rosaceae, with oblong, yellow and fragrant fruit, eaten after boiling or soaking in honey. Press: The papaya produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places today is called raw papaya, which is different from the papaya here.
⑵ Joan (jū): A beautiful jade name. The following "Qiong Jiu" and "Qiong Yao" have the same meaning.
(3) Bandits: the same as "no", no.
(4) Mutao: the fruit name is hawthorn, which is smaller than papaya.
5. Muli: The name of the fruit, namely hawthorn, is also called Muli.
Creation background
According to the statistics of Zhang Shubo's Collection of National Styles, there are mainly seven kinds of statements. The Preface to Mao Poetry in the Han Dynasty said: "Papaya is beautiful now. Tijen defeated Wei, and in Cao Cao, Qi Huangong rescued him and sealed him, leaving only his chariots and horses. " The guardian thinks about it and wants to return generously, but writing it is poetry. This view was supported by Yan Gan and others in the Song Dynasty, and by Wei Yuan and others in the Qing Dynasty. According to the textual research of Chen Qiaozong's Textual Research on Lu Shi's Legacy, Lu Shi wrote this article as a gift to courtiers at the same time as Mao Shuo, and Wang Xianqian's Collection of Three Poets' Righteousness also had the same opinion. Since Zhu in the Song Dynasty, the theory of "men and women answering each other" has become popular. "Biography of Poetry" said: "I want to repay you with a little thing. Although it is not enough to repay you, I want to think it is good and don't forget my ears.
Overall appreciation
There is a saying in Daya Yi called "Give me a peach and give me a plum". Later generations used the idiom "peach in return for plum" as a metaphor for reciprocity. Comparatively speaking, although there are idioms from "throwing papaya (peach and plum) to returning Qiong (Yao Jiu)" to "throwing wood to return Qiong" (for example, Song and You Mao's "All Poems of Tang Dynasty" recorded that "throwing wood to return Qiong, righteousness will be safe"). However, Feng Wei's papaya is widely read, and it is one of the most widely read books in the Book of Songs.
Due to different opinions on the theme of this poem, "papaya" as a literary image has been given many different symbolic meanings. Among them, "courtiers are loyal to the monarch", "affection is more precious than jade" and "friendship is less than affection" have gradually become the mainstream connotation of the image of "papaya".
Feng Wei's Papaya is a poem with distinctive features in terms of text and sentence structure. First of all, there is no typical sentence pattern in The Book of Songs-four sentences. It's not that you can't use four words (if you use four words, it will become "give me papaya (peach, plum) and give me Joan (Yao, Jiu);" Bandits think that reward is always good, but the author intentionally or unintentionally uses this sentence pattern to create a kind of ups and downs charm, and it is easy to achieve the effect of sound and emotion when singing. Secondly, statements have a very high degree of coincidence and overlap. Don't say that the last two sentences in each chapter are exactly the same, that is, the first two sentences are only one word apart, and although the meanings of "Qionggui", "Qiongyao" and "Qiongjiu" are slightly different, according to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, these "papaya", "Mutao" and "Li Mu" belong to the same plant, and the differences between them are roughly like oranges, oranges and oranges. These three chapters are basically repetitive, and such a high degree of repetition is not much in the whole Book of Songs. The format looks like the music of Three Chapters of Yangguan written by Wang Weishi in Tang Dynasty, which is naturally determined by the duality of music and literature in The Book of Songs.
Famous comments
Jia Yi's Book of Rites in the Han Dynasty: "Therefore, the lords are so merciful. ..... The poem says,' Give me papaya and give me Joan back. It's always good to report bandits. If you invest less, you have to pay for it with your body. I dare say that it is good to report it for a long time. What is stored in the past will be rewarded by what is stored below. "
Zheng Xuan's Notes on Mao Poetry in the Han Dynasty: "Bandits are not upright." I dare to repay papaya with Qiongju. I want Qi Chang to think that he played well and be grateful to the country. "
Niu Yunzhen's poem in Qing Dynasty: "There are people who benefit from papaya, but taking papaya as an example is a way to set off the situation;" "Qiong precious jade is enough to report, but she said that reporting bandits is a step further.