Pablo Ruizpicasso (1881-1973), a Spanish painter, is the main representative of French modern painting school.
Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 188 1. Picasso is his mother's surname. His father is a painting teacher. Picasso began to learn painting formally under the guidance of his father at the age of seven. Since he was a teenager, he has shown a talent for painting. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, Picasso was admitted to Barcelona Art School with excellent results. A year later, his oil painting Science and Kindness won the prize in the National Art Exhibition held in Madrid. Then, the painting won the gold medal in the local competition held in Malaga.
Picasso successfully entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Ferdinando at the age of 16. Not used to formal training, he went to college soon after he entered school. Instead, he visited the Prado Art Museum, studied the paintings of Goya and velazquez, and painted beggars and urban poor with greco's skills. Due to poverty and the suicide of his classmate, young painter Cazaillet Uus Mas, the characters in Picasso's paintings are full of despair, slender faces and limbs, dark, cold and dark blue colors. This period (1901-1904) is called "blue period". Representative works include Tina Cerise, The Old Man Playing Guitar, The Abandoned Man, Life, etc.
1in April, 904, Picasso left Spain and settled in Paris. After arriving in Paris, he rented a studio in Montmartre's "Floating dhobi ghat" apartment, where artists and poets lived together. This autumn, Picasso met the female painter Fernandez Olivier, and they lived together 19 1 1 year. Olivier described the 23-year-old Picasso as follows: "short, dark, strong, diligent and active, with a pair of melancholy, deep, keen, eccentric and almost always staring eyes;" Rough, feminine hands, ragged, covered in dirt, long hair, black and bright, hung loosely on his clever and stubborn forehead. He looks half painter and half craftsman ... "。
Picasso and Olivier are very happy together, which is fully reflected in his works. Soon after they met, Picasso entered the "rose period" (to 1906). Although the characters in the works are still somewhat melancholy, they are not as bleak as the "blue period". The figures are also stronger, and groups of family figures have replaced single beggars. Picasso likes to watch circus performances with his friends. He used the mural method to show the silent clown and clown on the screen. The representative works at this time include Shatim Sandpit, Girl Standing on the Ball, Woman with a Fan, etc.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/906, Picasso began to draw nude pictures of women with a sense of block and distortion, such as Combing Hair, Naked Painting on a Red Background and Bathroom. Picasso began to pay attention to the problem of form at this time, which was manifested in two famous portrait works, namely, The Portrait of Gertrude Stein and Self-portrait. In these two works, the whole inner world of the characters is expressed in a pure sculpture way. 1at the end of 906,1in the spring of 907, Picasso painted an unfinished painting. This painting uses a challenging but inconsistent expression, that is, "The Maiden of avignon". It is the product of the combination of post-impressionist painters Cezanne, greco and Bilyan with African art, and the rift between plastic arts, an important western art work in the 20th century, and traditional impressionism is so great that most people didn't understand it at that time. Even Picasso's partner, Andre Delong, a young French painter who despises idols the most, and Flix Vernon, a critic without * * * * ism, can't understand it. Young painter Kang Wheeler appreciates this painting. He bought all the sketches of avignon girls. But Picasso refused to sell the oil painting itself, rolled it up, and it took many years before it was officially exhibited. This period (1906- 1909) is Picasso's "black period", and his masterpiece is Naked Painting with Curtains.
At the same time, Picasso and French painter Braque painted many landscapes and lived in the winter of 1908. They tried to extract volume and space from nature and use a small plane to represent objects. Picasso once said, "Nature and art are two different things. Through art, we express concepts that are different from nature. " The purpose of artistic creation is "not only to reproduce reality, but also to show the possibility and complexity of reality". Critics Louis Walksell and painter Matisse said that this kind of painting was made of "small cubes" and was later called "cubism". 1909 In the summer, Picasso painted many landscapes in the small Spanish village of Horta in HerBraud Valley. He reduced the colors on the palette to only faint brown and grayish green. At this time, the cubist technique is very obvious, that is, the object is decomposed into several basic geometric shapes (such as cubes), and all the superfluous things are excluded, and the traditional perspective method is not used to draw. Picasso's representative works in the period of "Analytical Cubism" (19 1 1) are closer to geometric abstraction, such as Reservoir, Factory of Alta, Portrait of Ann worrall and Portrait of daniel henney Conwheeler. In the summer of 19 1 1, his images became more and more fragmented and difficult to distinguish, and printed words appeared (this is the only clue to connect the picture with reality).
19 1 1 year. After Olivier left Picasso, Picasso lived with Eva Gouel. Picasso called her "Eve" and wrote her name on some still life paintings. In the same year, Picasso followed Braque's example and began to use the method of "collage" to make artworks. He imitated wood grain or marble grain with commercial paper and posted various pictures with newspapers, matchboxes and cigarette cases. This technique marks the transition from "analytical cubism" to "comprehensive cubism" (1912-1914). In the "period of comprehensive cubism", the traditional and recognizable real image was replaced by various symbols. He tried to use the blunt sculpture effect of these symbols to increase the expressive force of feelings and reduce the value of description. Representative works of this period include Still Life in a Rattan Chair and Portrait of a Girl and a Woman in an Armchair.
19 14 when Picasso was making rococo-style cubist works with fragments of wallpaper, World War I broke out. The war disintegrated the camp of avant-garde artists in Paris; Poet Apollinaire went to the front, and Bob and others went their separate ways. 19 17, French young writer Cocteau encouraged Picasso to leave Paris and cooperate with ballets russes led by Sergey DiaGilev to perform in Italy. Picasso designed the curtain, stage scenery and costumes for the troupe's "parade" play, and met the ballet dancer Olga Koklova. During this period, Picasso turned to classicism and painted many paintings with obvious classical style characteristics and strong sense of sculpture. This period is called "neoclassicism period", and its representative works include "Three Bathing Women by the Spring" and "Women Running on the Beach". At this time, there are some cubist works on the table by the window, such as Three Musicians and Guitar.
From 65438 to 0923, Picasso met André Breton, the founder of surrealism. From 65438 to 0925, Picasso took his large-scale oil painting "Three Dancers" (known as "The Beauty of Spasm") to the first surreal art exhibition. In the following 10 years, Picasso painted many abstract paintings and engaged in sculpture creation. At this time, Picasso's representative works in painting include: the seated bather and the colorful oil paintings "Girl in front of the mirror", "Dream" and "Sitting Woman" showing his new female companion, Mary-Terez Walter. Representative sculptures are: women in the garden and people welded with iron sheets, slim women organized with upright wooden frames, huge bronze women's heads and women holding apples.
After 1936, Picasso stood among the people, actively participated in anti-fascist social activities and opposed Franco's fascist civil war in Spain. He readily accepted the appointment of the besieged Popular Front in Madrid as the director of the Prado Art Museum to show his support for the Popular Front. He also donated 400,000 francs from painting sales to the People's Front to help the poor. At this time, he created the corroded copperplate "Franco's Dreams and Lies" and lashed out at Franco's reactionary regime.
1On April 26th, 937, Franco, with the support of the Nazis, sent bombers to blow up the small town of guernica, killing more than 2,800 innocent people. Picasso was very angry when he heard the news in Paris. In less than two months, he painted the famous giant mural guernica for the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris World Expo. The whole picture is painted in three colors: black, white and gray. Women's bodies, dead children, soldiers, burning houses, horses pierced by spears are all accusations of the blood of fascist crimes. In the 1940s, Picasso agreed to lend the painting to the new york Museum of Modern Art. He said that he would never cooperate with Franco, and once Spain regained its democracy and freedom, the painting would return to its hometown. During World War II, he sent postcards of this painting to Germans who visited his studio. 198 1 At the beginning of the year, guernica was moved to the Prado Palace Museum in Madrid according to Picasso's wishes.
During World War II, Picasso and his new girlfriend Dora Maar lived in German-occupied Paris. He refused the care given to him by the fascist German ambassador to France on the coal issue. He also attended the funeral of Jacob, a famous poet who was persecuted to death by fascism, regardless of danger. Many close friends of Picasso, such as writers Paolo Iago and louis aragon, are * * *. They fought against the Nazis without fear of sacrifice, and their heroic struggle deeply touched him.
1944 After the liberation of Paris in June, Picasso joined France. He believes that "joining * * * is the inevitable result of my whole life and all my work". Inspired by this political belief, Picasso made three works against the war of aggression in the early 1950s: The Korean Massacre and War and Peace. Picasso believed that artists should be concerned about political life, and works of art should play a role in attacking the enemy. He once wrote: "What do you think of artists? A big fool? Painters only have eyes? Musicians only have ears? Do poets only have harps? On the contrary, artists are also politicians, so we should always pay attention to the intense events of sadness and joy and respond from all sides. How can he not care about others, and how can he isolate himself from the rich life with an escapist indifference? No, painting is not created to decorate houses, it is a weapon to resist and attack the enemy. " 1948 In August, Picasso and Ai Lvya attended the "World Peace Conference" held in Poland and spoke at the meeting. The following year, at the request of the World Peace Conference held in Paris, he chose a lithograph with pigeons for the conference. This is the world-famous dove of peace.
1945, Matisse-Picasso exhibition was held in London. 1946 years later, Picasso lived with Francesova Giro, and gave birth to his second son Claude and his second daughter Paloma in 1947 and 1949. From 1950- 196 1, Picasso created a series of explanatory paintings based on ancient famous paintings. For example, Courbet's Woman by the Seine, greco's Portrait of the Painter and velazquez's E Palace. In addition, Picasso also participated in three films about his creation and life in 1953, 1956 and 1959 respectively, and produced a large number of ceramics in Wallaris village. 1958, he also made a large mural for the UNESCO building in Paris, symbolizing the struggle between justice and evil.
196 1 year, Picasso married Jacqueline Roque. In June of the same year, they moved to Mugan. In the last ten years of Mugan, Picasso created hundreds of prints with the theme of love.
1On April 8, 973, Picasso died of emphysema in Mugan at the age of 92. He worked very hard all his life. At the age of 60, he began to study printmaking technology, and at the age of 70, he studied pottery. He has made outstanding contributions in the fields of oil painting, sketch, printmaking, sculpture and ceramics. According to statistics, Picasso's self-preserved heritage: 1885 oil paintings, 7,089 sketches, 1228 sculptures, 3,222 pottery, 30,000 prints, 100 illustrations and manuscripts, plus sketches that he sold and gave away before his death and burned to keep warm in poor Paris. In addition, he also wrote poems and plays, leaving an extremely rich cultural heritage for mankind.
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