In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
The moon went down, crows crowed, and the sky was cold. They fell asleep sadly on the maple trees and fishing fires by the river. In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Gusu City, the bell ringing at midnight reached the passenger ship.
(3) Source: This poem is from a night-mooring near maple bridge written by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
④ Note: Five bodies: one is a crow and the other is a five-body town.
Frost all over the sky: it is the image language of extremely cold air. The word "frost" should be understood as severe cold.
Jiang Feng: Generally interpreted as "the maple tree by the river", Jiang refers to Wusong River, which originates from Taihu Lake, flows through Shanghai and flows into the Yangtze River, commonly known as Suzhou River. Some people think it refers to "Jiangcun Bridge" and "Qiao Feng Bridge".
Fishing fire: lights on fishing boats; It is also said that "fishing fire" is actually a fishing partner, and the "fishing fire" in "All Tang Poems" is "fisherman".
Hanshan Temple: Near Qiao Feng, it was built in the Southern Liang Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after Hanshan, a monk who lived here in the Tang Dynasty. In Xifengqiao Town, Suzhou City, the real name is "Miaoli Pingming Tower", also known as Qiao Feng Temple; Another way of saying it, "Cold Mountain" refers to Cold Mountain, not the name of the temple.
Midnight bell: Today's Buddhist temples ring bells in the middle of the night (Spring Festival), but there was a habit of ringing bells in the middle of the night, which was also called "impermanent bell" or "minute".
⑤ Introduction: After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji wrote this poem when passing by Hanshan Temple. This poem accurately and delicately describes the observation and feelings of a passenger ship night sleeper on the night scene in late autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and outlines scenes such as the setting of the moon, frosty nights, fishing on the river peak, and lonely boat passengers. In addition, this poem also fully shows the author's yearning for travel, his worries about his home country and his worries about being in troubled times without a home.
Appreciation: This quatrain begins with the word "sorrow". The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. Lit a fishing fire in autumn night by the river, and the guest will smell the bell in the quiet night. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations.
The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: the setting of the moon, crows and frost all over the sky. The first quarter moon rose early and sank in the middle of the night, leaving only a gray light and shadow in the whole sky. The tree perches probably because of the change of light and shade before and after the setting of the moon, and after being awakened, it makes several crows. The moon sets in the middle of the night, and the frost is black. In the dark and quiet environment, people's feeling of cold at night becomes particularly acute. The description of "frost all over the sky" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it completely conforms to the poet's feelings: the chill that attacks the bones and muscles in the middle of the night and the boats that the poet berthed from all directions at night make him feel that the boundless night sky outside him is filled with frost. The whole sentence, written by the setting moon, written by crows and written by frost all over the sky, clearly reflects a continuous process of time and feeling. And all this is harmoniously unified in the cold and cheerless atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely feeling of travelers. From here we can see the poet's meticulous thinking.
The second sentence of this poem continues to describe the characteristic scene of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" and the feelings of travelers. In the dim night, the trees by the river can only see a vague outline. Perhaps the reason why they are called "Jiangfeng" is a guess caused by the name Qiao Feng, or the image of "Jiangfeng" is chosen to give readers a hint of autumn. "There is a maple on Zhanjiang River, which hurts spring thoughts" and "There is no sorrow on the green maple". These poems of predecessors can explain the emotional content precipitated by the word "Jiang Feng" and its association. Through the misty river, you can see several "fishing fires" dotted around, which are particularly eye-catching and charming because of the hazy and misty background around. "River Wind" and "Fishing Fire", one is quiet and one is moving, one is dark and the other is on the river. The combination of scenery is quite intentional. When I wrote this article, I pointed out the passengers moored at Qiao Feng Bridge. "Sleeping in sorrow" refers to a traveler lying on a boat with sadness. The word "right" in "opposite" contains the meaning of "partner", but it is not as exposed as the word "partner". There are indeed lonely travelers here, who are haunted by lingering light worries when fishing on frosty nights, but at the same time they imply a fresh feeling for the beautiful scenery of the journey.
The scenery in front of the poem is very dense, and six scenes are written in fourteen words, but the pictures behind it are particularly sparse. The two poems only wrote one thing: sleeping in the night clock of the mountain temple. This is because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic impression the poet got in a night-mooring near maple bridge. Moonsetting, Frosty Night, Fishing by the River, Lonely Boat and other scenes. It shows the characteristics of night parking near Fengqiao in all aspects, but it is not enough to convey its charm. In the dark, people's hearing rises to the first place in the feeling of external things. And the silent night bell gives people a particularly strong impression. In this way, the "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth and clarity of the night. The poet's unspeakable feelings when lying listening to the bell are beyond words.
It seems that "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" cannot be ignored here. Hanshan Temple, located in the west of Qiao Feng, was founded in the Liang Dynasty. Hanshan, a poet and monk in the early Tang Dynasty, once lived here, hence the name. The poetic beauty of Qiao Feng, together with this ancient temple, has brought the color of history and culture, making it more rich and moving. Therefore, the "midnight bell" of Hanshan Temple seems to echo the echo of history, permeated with religious feelings, giving people a sense of simplicity and solemnity. It seems that the poet pointed out the source of the bell with a poem. With the stroke of midnight in Hanshan Temple, the charm of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" is perfectly expressed, and this poem creates a typical artistic conception of blending scenes.
⑦ Creation background: According to Volume III of Biography of Talents in Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji was promoted by Yang Jun, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, in the 12th year of Tianbao (753), that is to say, he was admitted as a scholar. In January of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and in June of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), Xuanzong rushed to Shu. Because the political situation in Jiangnan was relatively stable at that time, many scribes fled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to avoid chaos, including Zhang Ji. One autumn night, the poet anchored at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries, which made him appreciate a poetic beauty with meaningful feelings and wrote this poem with clear artistic conception.
The second volume of Miracle between ZTE edited by Gao Zhongwu in Tang Dynasty included this poem of Zhang Ji, named Sleeping at Night in Fengjiang. Song Liyun and others compiled Wen Yuan Hua Ying into this poem called a night-mooring near maple bridge.
⑧ About the author: Zhang Ji (about 7 15 ~ 779), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Xiangzhou, Hubei (now Xiangyang, Hubei). Life is unknown, only known as a scholar in the 12th year of Tianbao (AD 753), later served as a salt and iron official in Hongzhou. His poetic style is bright and exciting, simple and elegant, profound and profound, which has a great influence on later generations. His most famous poem is a night-mooring near maple bridge. His poems have survived to this day, but there are less than 50. In 779, Zhang Ji died of illness at work, and his wife also died there. It is worth mentioning that Zhang Ji is wrongly regarded as the author of the original Chinese poem of the second movement of gustav mahler's Song of the Earth. In fact, the author of this poem is Qian Qi.
Pet-name ruby Comments: Ming Hu Yinglin's poem: "The midnight bell knocks on the passenger ship", which many people talk about, is fooled by the old people.
Zhang Nancun's Notes on Long Valley in Qing Dynasty Volume 1: This poem is desolate, or too introverted, and it is impossible to tell whether there is a midnight bell.
Qian's "Tasha Tang Poetry": the word "worrying about sleep" is the whole chapter. Make fun of the word "worry", misspell the evening scene and turn to the opposite side.