Year: Tang Author: Li Shangyin Genre: Five Musts
Set the horizon,
Yi yi Wu Xiang Hua
Cold plum is the most hateful,
Often used as last year's flowers.
To annotate ...
Precautions:
This is Li Shangyin's later work in Zizhou. Written in the spring when flowers are in full bloom, the cold plum has already bloomed, so the title is "Recalling Plum".
At first, the poet's mind was not on plum blossoms, but on staying in a foreign land. Zizhou (now under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Santai) is more than 1,800 miles away from Chang 'an, and is called "Tianya" because of its vast territory in the Tang Dynasty. It is more psychological than geographical. Li Shangyin came to Zizhou at the request of Liu Zhongying when his career was frustrated and his wife died. Living alone in a foreign land and going to shogunate, I feel lonely and depressed. I didn't expect to live for a few years, and my mood was even more depressing. "Stay at the end of the world" is the voice of this painful soul. Fixed, still "dead" and "firm", the poet felt as if he had been nailed to this foreign land forever. Here, there is intense pain, indescribable boredom and helpless sadness. Qu Fu said: "The slang' Tintin' is elegant in poetry." This "elegance" seems to be understood as artistic expression.
The poet, suffering from homesickness and lingering sadness, couldn't help looking for spiritual comfort, so he turned out the second sentence: "I can't bear material desires." Wuhua refers to the beautiful spring scenery in front of us. Yiyi described the feeling of being intimate and touching in front of beautiful spring scenery. The poet seems to have been comforted temporarily in front of the blooming spring scenery, and a tender feeling of infinite attachment to beautiful things rises from the deep heart. In a word or two, feelings seem to be diametrically opposed. In fact, the feeling of "longing for things" is born of "settling in the end of the world", but two diametrically opposite feelings are interlinked.
"Han Mei is the most hateful. She grew into a flower last year." In three or four sentences, the poetic realm has a greater turning point. Faced with colorful "things", the poet can't help but think of plum blossoms. Spring blooms first, but when the flowers are in full bloom, the flowers wither early and the fragrance is exhausted. When a poet regrets, he can't help but resent. Recalling plum blossoms from To the Object is a layer of twists and turns; Remember Mei, hate Mei, another layer of twists and turns. "Hate" is the development and deepening of "memory", just as deeply expected disappointment will turn into resentment.
But this is just the psychology of ordinary people. For Li Shangyin, it is more internal reasons. The characteristics of "cold plum" blooming in spring and dying in the hope of spring will naturally remind poets of themselves: young people are wise early, topics are written early, and themes are published early; However, it was followed by a series of misfortunes and blows. After entering Sichuan, I was already "willing to be a Buddhist, just to ring the bell and sweep the floor, and willing to be a passer-by for Liang Qingshan" (Preface to Fan Nanyi's Collection), and I was quite depressed. Isn't it the poet's own portrayal that this early show withers first, and he can't enjoy the "cold plum blossom" with a hundred flowers blooming in spring? In the poem Plum Blossom in Mid-November, the poet once expressed the same sigh: "Who is Zaoxiu? Don't wait for miss Fang. " From time to time, it is early, and the early plum that "does not stay as the fragrance of the year" and the cold plum that "grows as the flower of last year" are all symbols of the poet's unfortunate life experience. It is precisely because of seeing or thinking about it that the sadness of life experience will be touched, and poets will naturally complain that "cold plum is the most hateful." When the poem is written here, it is gloomy and closed, revealing an indescribable sadness.
The five-character quatrains are natural, and the meaning runs through. Avoid deliberate carving and twists and turns. This poem "Yi Mei" is full of twists and turns (Ji Yun's comment), but it doesn't give people the feeling of being sloppy and broken. The key point is that the twists and turns can't be separated from the poet's ups and downs and stranded life experience. In this way, the latent qi can turn inward, see in twists and turns, and see in diversity the unity, reaching the realm of God without trace.
The plum blossom quatrain "Lu You"
The flowers are full of wind, and the snow drifts all over the four mountains.
How can it be converted into hundreds of billions, and a plum blossom blooms first?
To annotate ...
(1) Wen: I heard. Chè: It's cracked. This means flowering.
⑵ Snowdrift: Plum blossoms bloom like snowdrifts.
(3) Where: What can I do? 1000 billion: it means that it can become tens of millions of songbirds (Lu you ci songbirds).
(4) plum blossom: a plum blossom.
Explanation:
Lu You wrote many poems by Yongmei, and this is one of them. The first two sentences are about plum blossoms. Snow mountain is used to describe the prosperity of plum blossoms. The language is distinct and the scene is open. Among them, three or four sentences are even more unexpected, lofty and refined: I would like to travel hundreds of billions of times, and there is a plum blossom before every trip, which vividly expresses my fascination with plum blossoms.
At the time of writing this poem, the author is 78 years old and lives in his hometown of Yin Shan, using Yongmei to vent his loneliness. Writing plum in the first two sentences is a foil to the writers in the last two sentences. The embodiment of "100 billion yuan" grows in front of Mei, is connected with Mei, and is soul-to-soul: the combination of man and Mei shows the author's high-standard and unique personality.
Make an appreciative comment
The second year of Jiatai (1202) was written in Yinshan in the spring, and he was 78 years old when he traveled by land. This is the third poem in this group of six poems. Lu You loves plum blossoms and has written many plum blossom poems. This poem expresses the poet's admiration for the plum blossom that smiles proudly in the cold wind.